Tridacna He genus hoʻohiwahiwa o ka mollusc pili nui loa. Kaulana lākou ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai a no ka nānā ʻana i nā aquarium. ʻO nā lālani tridacna nā ʻano mua o nā molluscs. Noho lākou i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa a me nā lagoons kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke lawa ka lā.
I ka nahelehele, ulu nui kekahi mau tridacnas nunui me nā ʻanepo, nā ʻākoʻako a me nā limu i lilo ʻole ke ʻano o ko lākou ʻano! Ua hāpai kēia i nā kaʻao he nui a me nā makaʻu e pili ana i nā "ʻōpelu ʻai kanaka". Eia nō naʻe, i kēia lā ʻike mākou he lapuwale kēia mau kolohe. ʻAʻole ikaika loa ʻo Tridacna.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Tridacna
Loaʻa i kēia subfamily nā mollusc bivalve ola nui loa, e komo pū ana me ka ʻohana nunui (T. gigas). Loaʻa iā lākou nā pūpū corrugated kaumaha me 4-6 mau pā. ʻĀlohilohi loa ke kala o nā ʻahuʻula. Noho lākou ma nā ʻākoʻakoʻa i nā loko kai mehana i ka ʻāina ʻo Indo-Pākīpika. Noho ka hapa nui o nā molluscs i ka symbiosis me ka zooxanthellae photosynthetic.
Video: Tridacna
I kekahi manawa manaʻo ʻia he mussels nunese, e like me ka ʻohana ma mua, he ʻohana kaʻawale o Tridacnidae, akā naʻe, ua hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia me he subfamily ma ka ʻohana Cardiidae. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike kūpuna i kēia manawa he ʻauhau kaikuahine homogeneous lākou. Ua hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia ka tridacna ma 1819 e Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck. Ua hoʻonoho ʻo ia iā lākou no kahi manawa lōʻihi ma ke ʻano he ʻohana i ka ʻaha Venerida.
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia he ʻumi mau ʻano i loko o nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana Tridacninae:
ʻO Genus Hippopus:
- Hippopus hippopus;
- Hippopus porcellanus.
ʻO Genus Tridacna:
- T. costata;
- T. crocea;
- T. gigas;
- T. maxima;
- T. squamosa;
- T. derasa;
- T. mbalavuana;
- T. rosewateri.
Kūkulu ʻia nā kaʻao like ʻole a puni ka tridacna mai ka wā kahiko. A hiki i kēia lā, kapa kekahi poʻe iā lākou he "killers" a ʻōlelo wahaheʻe i ka hōʻeha ʻana o nā mollusks nunui i nā mea ʻē aʻe a i nā mea ola ʻē aʻe a mālama iā lākou i ka hohonu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hopena pani o nā valves mollusk ka lohi.
ʻO ka ulia pōpilikia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kākau ʻia ma Philippines ma nā makahiki 1930. E nalowale ana ka mea ʻimi holoholona momi. Ua loaʻa ʻo ia ma hope make me nā lako paʻa i paʻa i kahi 160kg tridacne. Ma hope o ka hemo ʻana i ka papa, ua loaʻa kahi momi nui i ka lima, me he mea lā mai ka pūpū. He mea make ka hoʻāʻo e lawe aku i kēia momi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi tridacna
ʻO Tridacna ka mollusk bivalve ola nui loa. Hiki i ka pūpū i 1.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ke kū ʻana o 4 a 5 mau nui, i loko e kū nei i nā wana triangular o ka wehe ʻana o ka pūpū, mānoanoa, pūpū kaumaha me ka ʻole o nā pale (ʻo nā ʻōpio keu he mau pale) a me kahi siphon inhalation me ka ʻole o nā tentacles.
ʻO ka ʻahuʻula he gula ʻulaʻula, melemele, a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha me nā kahakaha, nā poni, a me nā kiko ʻōmaʻomaʻo, keu hoʻi a puni nā lihi o ka ʻahu. Nui aʻe paha ka nui o kēia mau kiko i nā kānaka nui aʻe i ʻike ʻia ka ʻahuʻula he polū paʻa a poni paha i ke kala. ʻO ka tridacne kekahi mau pale a aniani moakaka ma ka ʻahu i kapa ʻia ʻo "windows".
Mea leʻaleʻa: ʻAʻole hiki i ka Giant Tridacnae ke pani paʻa loa i kā lākou pūpū ke ulu lākou. ʻOiai ke pani ʻia, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻahu, i ka ʻokoʻa i ka Tridacna deraz like loa. Noho mau nā hakahaka liʻiliʻi ma waena o nā pūpū kahi e ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻahu brownish-melemele sunken.
He paʻakikī nā keiki tridacnids e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā ʻano mollusc ʻē aʻe. Eia naʻe, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia me ka makahiki a me ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻEhā a ʻehiku paha pā kolikū i loko o kā lākou iwi. ʻO nā molluscs bivalve i loko o ka zooxanthellae ka mea e ulu i nā pūpū nui o ka calcium carbonate. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā kihi o ka ʻahu me ka ziotxanthellae symbiotic, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka carbon dioxide, phosphates, a me nā nitrates mai ka pūpū.
Ma hea e noho ai ka tridacna?
Kiʻi: Tridacna ma ke kai
Loaʻa ʻo Tridacnae ma loko o ka ʻāina tropical Indo-Pacific, mai ke kai Hema o Kina ʻākau a hiki i nā kapakai ʻākau o Australia a mai nā mokupuni ʻo Nicobar ma ke komohana a i Fiji ma ka hikina. Noho lākou i nā kahe o nā koʻa, ma waena o 20 mau mika o ka ʻili. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā moluscs i nā lagoon pāpaʻu a me nā ākea ākea a kū i loko o nā one one a i ʻole nā ʻōpala coral.
Pili nā Tridacnes i nā teritori a me nā ʻāina e like me:
- Nuhōlani;
- Kilipaki;
- Inidonesia;
- Iapana;
- Maikonekia;
- Maianamara;
- Malaia;
- Palau;
- Mākala 'Ailana;
- Tuvalu;
- Āina Pilipino;
- Sinapoa;
- Solomona 'Ailana;
- Tailani;
- Vanuatu;
- Wiekanama.
Maliʻa paha pau i nā wahi e like me:
- Guama;
- Nā Mokupuni ʻo Mariana;
- Pīkī;
- Kaledonia Hou;
- ʻO Taiwan, ka panalāʻau o Kina.
ʻO ka laʻana ʻike nui ʻia i ana ʻia 137cm. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o 1817 ma ke kahakai o Sumatra, Indonesia. ʻO kona kaumaha ma kahi o 250 kg. I kēia lā e hōʻike ʻia ana kona mau puka i ka hale hōʻikeʻike ma ʻIlani ʻIlani. ʻO kekahi tridacna nui nui ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ma 1956 ma ka mokupuni Kepani ʻo Ishigaki. ʻAʻole i ʻimi ʻepekema ʻia a hiki i ka makahiki 1984. He 115 knm ka lōʻihi o ka iwi a kaumaha ia 333 kg me ka ʻāpana palupalu. Ua helu nā ʻepekema ʻo ka kaupaona ola ma kahi o 340 kg.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka tridacna. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a tridacna?
Kiʻi: Giant Tridacna
E like me nā mollusc bivalve ʻē aʻe, hiki i ka tridacna ke kānana i nā ʻāpana meaʻai mai ka wai kai, e like me nā mea kanu kai microscopic (phytoplankton) a me nā holoholona zooplankton, mai ka wai kai e hoʻohana ana i kāna gills. Hoʻopili pū ʻia nā mea ʻai i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka lāʻau ʻo ka ʻahu a ua hoʻouna ʻia i ka waha e waiho ana ma ke kumu o ka wāwae. Mai ka waha, hele a ʻai i ka esophagus a laila a i ka ʻōpū.
Eia nō naʻe, loaʻa i ka tridacna ka hapa nui o kāna meaʻai mai zooxanthellae e noho nei i kāna mau pūnaewele. Ua ulu lākou e ka ʻohana hoʻokipa ma ke ʻano like me nā ʻākako. I kekahi mau ʻano tridacne, hāʻawi ka zooxanthellae i ka 90% o nā kaulahao kalapona metabolised. He hui koi kēia no nā molluscs, e make lākou i ka loaʻa ʻole o zooxanthellae, a i ʻole i ka pouli.
ʻIke hoihoi: ʻO ke kū ʻana o nā "puka aniani" i ka ʻahuʻula e ʻae i ka mālamalama hou aʻe e komo i loko o nā kiko o ka ʻahu a hoʻoulu i ka photosynthesis o zooxanthellae.
Hāʻawi kēia mau limu i ka tridacnus me kahi kumu hou o ka meaʻai. Hana ʻia kēia mau mea kanu i nā limu unicellular, nona nā huahana metabolic i hoʻohui ʻia i ka meaʻai kānana shellfish. A ʻo kahi hopena, hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hoʻokahi mika i ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai i loko o nā wai kōkoʻa pono ʻole. Ulu nā molluscs i ka limu ma kahi ʻōnaehana puni kūikawā, e ʻae iā lākou e mālama i ka nui o nā symbionts i kēlā me kēia nui o nā anakahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Tridacna mollusk
He lohi a Tridacnae molluscs bivalve a hana ʻole hoʻi. Lohi lohi ko lākou mau puka. Kūmau nā mākua, e like me Tridacna gigas, e hoʻopili iā lākou iho i ka honua ma lalo. Inā hoʻonāukiuki ʻia kā lākou wahi i ana ʻia, wehe ʻia ka ʻālohilohi kala o ka ʻahu (i loaʻa iā zooxanthellae), a pani ʻia nā puka pūpū.
Ke ulu nei ka clam pilikua, nalowale kāna gland byssus, a hiki iā lākou ke heleuma i ka heleuma. Hilinaʻi nā pāpaʻi Tridacna i kēia hāmeʻa e heleuma iā lākou iho i kahi, akā lilo ka nui nui a kaumaha loa e noho wale ia ma hea kahi a ʻaʻole hiki ke neʻe. I ka wā ʻōpio, hiki iā lākou ke pani i ko lākou pūpū, akā ʻaʻole like me nā mollusks nunui makua e nalo i kēia hiki.
ʻIke leʻaleʻa: ʻOiai hōʻike ʻia nā tridacnae ma ke ʻano he "killer clams" i nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni, ʻaʻohe hihia maoli o ka poʻe i hei a make. Eia nō naʻe, maʻamau nā ʻeha e pili ana iā Tridacnid, akā pili pinepine ʻia me ka hernias, nā ʻeha o ke kua, a me nā manamana wāwae haki i kū aʻe i ka wā e hāpai ai nā poʻe i nā ʻāpana mākua mai ka wai me ka ʻike ʻole i ka nui o ke kaumaha i ka lewa.
Hoʻohui pū ka huaʻōlelo o ka mollusk me nā kai o ka lua (piha), a ʻo ke kolu + ʻehā (hou) o nā mahina. Hana ʻia nā hōʻemi spawning i ke alapine o kēlā me kēia ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau minuke, me ka wikiwiki e puka mai ana mai kanakolu mau minuke a i ʻekolu mau hola. ʻAʻole pane ʻo Tridacnae i ka ʻō ʻana o nā molluscs e pili ana i ka hana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: pūpū Tridacna
Hana hou ʻo Tridacna i ka moekolohe a hermaphrodite (e hua ana i nā hua a me ka sperm). ʻAʻole hiki ke hana pono iā ia iho, akā ʻae kēia hiʻohiʻona iā lākou e hoʻohua me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Hoʻoemi kēia i ke kaumaha o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hoa pili, ʻoiai e pālua ana i ka nui o nā keiki i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hānau hou. E like me nā ʻano hana like ʻole, hermaphroditism e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o nā hui hou i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: No ka hiki ʻole i nā tridacnids he nui ke neʻe iā lākou iho, hoʻomaka lākou e lūlū ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka sperm a me nā hua i loko o ka wai. Kōkua ka mea hoʻoili hoʻoili e hoʻopili i ka huna o ka sperm a me nā hua e hōʻoia i ka momona.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea e hoʻonāukiuki ai i ka tridacne e ʻōhū ma ka wahi waena o ka ʻahuʻula a me ka ʻaelike ʻana i nā mākala adductor. Hoʻopiha ka clam i kāna mau keʻena wai a hoʻopau i ka siphon o kēia manawa. Hoʻopili ikaika ʻia ka casing e ka mea hoʻopili i mea e kahe ai nā mea o ke keʻena ma o ka siphon. Ma hope o nā kuʻikahi, loaʻa wale ka wai, nā hua a me ka sperm i loko o ke keʻena i waho a laila hele i loko o kahi siphon i loko o ka wai. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻokuʻu o nā hua i ke kaʻina hānau. Hiki i ke kanaka makua ke hoʻokuʻu ma mua o 500 miliona mau hua i ka manawa.
Huakaʻi nā huamoa momona i ke kai ma kahi o 12 mau hola a hiki i ka pae ʻana o ka larva. Ma hope o kēlā, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kūkulu i ka pūpū. Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā, ulu ia i 160 micrometers. A laila he "wāwae" kāna e hoʻohana ai no ka neʻe. ʻAʻau a ʻai nā larvae i ke kolamu wai a hiki i ko lākou oʻo ʻana e kau ma luna o kahi substrate kūpono, ka maʻa mau o ke one a me nā ʻōpala coral, a hoʻomaka i ko lākou ola makua ma ke ʻano he mollusk sedentary.
I ka makahiki ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule, noho ka tridacna i lalo, akā hoʻololi pinepine i ka wahi i nā pule mua. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka larvae nā limu simbiotic, no laila hilinaʻi nui lākou i ka plankton. Hoʻopio ʻia ka zooxanthellae ʻōkuhi manuahi ke kānana ʻana i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka hope, nalo ka mākala adductor mua, a neʻe ka hope i ke kikowaena o ka mollusc. Nui nā tridacnas liʻiliʻi e make i kēia wā. Manaʻo ʻia ka mollusk ʻole a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 20 cm.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka tridacna
Kiʻi: Marine tridacna
Hiki ke maʻalahi ʻia ʻo Tridacnae ma muli o kā lākou hāmama ākea ma ke gland. ʻO nā mea kūpilikiʻi weliweli loa nā kīʻaha pyramidellid hua nui o ka genera Tathrella, Pyrgiscus a me Turbonilla. ʻO lākou nā kinikini parasite i ka nui o ka palaoa o ka laiki a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki iki i kahi nui o 7 mm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻouka lākou i ka tridacnus ma ke kuʻi ʻana i nā lua i nā mea palupalu o ka mollusk, a laila hānai i kāna wai olaola.
ʻOiai i loko o ke kūlohelohe, hiki i nā tridacnas nunui ke hana pū me kekahi o kēia mau sika parasite, i ka paʻa pio ʻana o kēia mau kīʻaha i nā helu weliweli. Hiki iā lākou ke hūnā i nā scutes o ka clam a i ʻole ka substrate i ka lā, akā e ʻike pinepine ʻia a puni nā kihi o ka pale o ka ʻola a i ʻole ma o kahi hakahaka (puka nui no nā wāwae) ma hope o ka pouli. Hiki iā lākou ke hana i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, gelatinous, hua manu ma nā pūpū pūpū. Kūleʻa kēia mau lehulehu a no laila paʻakikī e ʻike.
Aia kekahi mau kamaʻāina o ka aquarium i hiki ke ʻai i ka ʻahuʻula a i ʻole luku i ka ʻohana āpau, a i kekahi manawa e hōʻoluʻolu nui i ka ʻohana nunui:
- hoʻoulu iʻa;
- pāhū
- iʻa ʻīlio (Blenny);
- iʻa butterfly;
- goby clown;
- iʻa anela;
- anemones;
- kekahi ʻōpae.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā mākua ke pani paʻa loa i kā lākou pūpū a no laila lilo i nāwaliwali loa. Pono lākou e pale i nā anemones a me kekahi mau koʻa i nā pae o ka ulu ʻana. ʻAʻole pono lākou e kokoke i nā mea kuni ahi a noho mamao aku i kā lākou mau tentacles. E nānā pono ʻia nā anemones i hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokokoke i ka mollusk a ʻū a ʻai paha ia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o kahi tridacna
ʻO Tridacnae kekahi o nā invertebrates kai kaulana. Eia nō naʻe, ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea kupaianaha nui o ka hana nui ʻana o nā puʻuwai-puʻuwai, ka morphology a nā mākua i hoʻololi hou ʻia e kā lākou symbiosis evolution lōʻihi me nā photosymbionts. Ua lawaiʻa ʻia lākou i ka hapa nui o kā lākou pae āpau a ʻo ka lawaiʻa kū ʻole i ke kānāwai ka hewa nui i kēia lā.
Hoʻohuli ʻia ka heluna tridacnus e:
- ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka emi ʻana i nā ʻāpana o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana;
- ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka nohona;
- lawaiʻa ʻaʻohe kāohi
ʻO ka hopu ākea o nā tridacnids i alakaʻi i kahi hōʻemi nui i ka heluna kanaka. Hoʻohana ka poʻe kamaʻāina o kekahi mau mokupuni i nā pūpū ma ke ʻano he mea no ke kūkulu a no ka hana lima paha. Aia nā mokupuni kahi i hana ʻia ai ke kālā. Malia paha e hoʻōla ʻia nā mollusks i ka hohonu o ke kai, no ka mea hiki ke luʻu maluhia i kahi hohonu o 100 m. Aia kahi koho i hiki i nā aquarists, ka mea i aʻo i ka hānau ʻana iā lākou i nā hanana hana, hiki ke mālama i ka tridacnus.
Kūpono nā Tridacnids a me nā lunamakaʻāinana koʻikoʻi o nā kaiaolaola o nā koʻa o ka ʻāina Indo-Pacific. Ke mahi ʻia nei nā ʻano ʻewalu o nā ʻōpala nunui. Loaʻa nā pahuhopu ʻokoʻa i nā ʻoihana Aquaculture, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā papahana mālama a hoʻopiha hou. Kūʻai ʻia aku nā pāleka nunui mahiʻai no ka meaʻai (manaʻo ʻia ka mākala adductor he mea ʻono).
Pale Tridacna
Kiʻi: Tridacna mai ka Red Book
Ua helu ʻia nā mollusc nunui ma ka IUCN Red List ma ke ʻano he "Vulnerable" ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili nui no ka meaʻai, aquaculture, a kūʻai aku i nā aquarium. Ua hoʻemi nui ʻia ka nui o nā kānaka i ka nahelehele a hoʻomau i ka emi ʻana. Hāpai kēia i nā hopohopo i waena o nā mea noiʻi he nui.
Aia ka hopohopo i waena o nā mea mālama e pili ana inā ʻaʻole hoʻohana nui ʻia nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe e ka poʻe e hoʻohana ana i kēia ʻano no ko lākou ola. ʻO ke kumu nui o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻia o nā molluscs nunui paha ka hoʻohana nui ʻia o nā moku lawaiʻa bivalve. ʻO ka hapanui, make nā mākua nunui no ka mea ʻo lākou ka mea waiwai loa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ua kālailai kahi hui ʻepekema ʻAmelika a me ʻItalia i nā molluscs bivalve a ʻike he waiwai lākou i nā amino acid e hoʻonui ana i ka pae o ka hormone. Hāʻawi ka ʻikepili zinc nui i ka hana testosterone.
Tridacna manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono ma Iāpana, Palani, ʻAsia a me ka hapa nui o nā Pae ʻĀina Pakipika. Loaʻa i kekahi mau meaʻai ʻAsia nā ʻiʻo mai kēia mau pūpū. Ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele, kūʻai ʻia nā pūpū nui e like me nā mea hoʻonani. Uku nā Kina i nā kālā he nui no ka loko, no ka mea manaʻo lākou i kēia ʻiʻo he aphrodisiac.
Lā paʻi: 09/14/2019
Lā hou: 25.08.2019 ma 23:06
