ʻUmeke ʻaʻano - he lālā kau ma ka ʻohana duck. ʻO ka mea nui i waena o ka papa holoʻokoʻa o Anseriformes. Majestic a me ka Graceful, ʻoliʻoli a mahalo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona a kupaianaha hoihoi i nā mea nānā e hele ana i ka pāka, kahi eʻauʻau ai nā manu i nā loko iʻa a i ʻole nā loko.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Ua loaʻa iā Cygnus olor (Latin) kona inoa mai nā leo kikoʻī i hana ʻia e nā kāne ke hoʻokokoke aku ka pilikia. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kaniʻuhū, hiki i nā manu ke kani i nā kaniʻuhū, ke ʻū a me ka ʻū ʻana. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka mū me ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī.
ʻO nā swans kūmau ka manu Eurasia. Ua hana ʻia kā lākou puʻunaue ʻana i ʻelua mau hanana: i ka pau ʻana o ke kenekulia 19 a i nā makahiki 1930. I kēlā manawa, lawe ʻia mai ka swans i Victoria. Ma laila lākou i noho ai i nā pāka o ke kūlanakauhale a kā lākou mea hoʻonaninani; i kēia manawa ua kiaʻi pono ʻia lākou e nā luna.
Video: Swan Mute
Ma mua, ua noho kēia mau manu i Iāpana. Hōʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka panalāʻau o Bermuda, Kanada, USA, New Zealand. I ka makahiki 1984, ua hana ʻo Denmark i ka leo ka leo aupuni o ka ʻāina. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka manu me ke aliʻi, mōʻī.
I ʻEnelani, manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka āpau ka waiwai o ka mōʻī. Mai ke kenekulia 15, he mau ʻāina ʻona wale nō me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi i hiki ke loaʻa i kēia mau manu. E hōʻike i ke alo o kahi hoʻokipa, ua kani nā manu āpau. Ma Abbotsbury Wildlife Sanctuary, hānai ʻia nā swans no ka ʻiʻo, i lawelawe ʻia ma ka papa ʻaina o nā mōʻī.
I Lūkia, ua manaʻo ʻia nā kīʻaha mute he kuleana nui. Inā ʻaʻohe moʻo palai ma ka papa, a laila ʻaʻole mahalo ʻia nā mea kipa ma ka hale o ka mea hoʻokipa. I ka makahiki 1610, ua lawelawe ʻia ʻo Tsar Vladislav o Moscow i ʻekolu mau swan me nā giblets a i hoʻomoʻa ʻia paha i nā pai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: White Swan Mute
Kupaianaha nā manu i ka nui, ʻo lākou ka nui o nā ʻano āpau. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai ko lākou ʻohana e ka nuku ʻalani a me ka ulu ʻeleʻele ma kona kumu, kahi ʻāʻī nui, a me nā ʻēheu i hāpai ʻia. I ka wā o ka male ʻana, pehu paha ke kaula hao i nā kāne a lilo i mea ʻike nui ʻia.
ʻEleʻele nā paws, nā manamana lima pūnaewele a me nā maka o nā manu. Ākea nā ʻeheu, hiki aku ko lākou lōʻihi i 240 kenimika. Ke ʻike ka manu i kahi makaʻu, hāpai lākou iā lākou ma luna o ko lākou kua, hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou ʻāʻī a me kāna mau. Ke ʻauʻau, piʻo nā swan i ko lākou ʻāʻī me ka huapalapala S a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou nuku. Ma muli o ko lākou mau wāwae pōkole, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke neʻe wikiwiki i ka ʻāina.
- ke kaumaha o nā wahine he 6-8 kg.;
- ke kaupaona o nā kāne he 10-13 kg.;
- lōʻihi o ke kino - 160-180 cm.
Ua kākau inoa ʻia ka swan mute nui loa ma Polani. He 23 kilokilo ka paona o ka manu. ʻAʻole maopopo ia inā hiki iā ia ke haʻalele.
Uhi ʻia nā keiki hānau hou me ka hina hina i lalo, nuku kēpau kēpau. Ua like lākou me ko lākou mau mākua i ka makahiki o 2-3 mau makahiki. Aia ma kahi o 25 mano mau hulu ma ke kino o ka swan. Pākuʻi nui nā manu makua i ko lākou mau ʻeheu. Hiki ke lohe ʻia kēia kani a i kahi kilomita ka mamao. Loaʻa i nā wāwae haʻahaʻa ka pūnaewele puni honua ākea e kōkua i ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
Ma ka huelo pōkole o ka mū, aia kahi hamo e uhi ana i ka hulu a pale i ka swan mai pulu.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mū ʻole?
Kiʻi: Manu ʻoki manu
Hiki ke loaʻa ka manu ma nā wahi kaʻawale o Central a me ʻEulopa ʻEulopa, ʻAsia, Denmark, Kuekene, Polani, Teritori Primorsky, Kina. I kēia mau wahi āpau loa, kākaʻikahi loa ka pūnana o nā pālua ma kahi mamao loa mai kekahi i kekahi, a ma kekahi mau wahi ʻaʻole e noho iki nā manu.
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka USSR ma mua, noho nā mute i ke kīʻaha o ka lima Ural a ma nā loko iʻa a me nā loko i kēlā me kēia ma Kazakhstan. I nā wahi he nui o ʻEulopa, mālama ʻia ka manu. I ka nahelehele, koho nā manu i nā wahi i kipa ʻole ʻia e nā kānaka - nā loko a me nā estuaries, kahi e hoʻopiha ai i ka lau nahele me nā lau nahele.
Mahalo i nā hana a ke kanaka, aia kekahi poʻe liʻiliʻi ma Australia, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, Nūhōlani, a me ka ʻāina ʻApelika. ʻO ka hapanui o nā swans he tamed a semi-involuntary paha, e like me nā manu kāhiko i nā pā kūlanakauhale.
Noho nā manu i nā wahi ma kahi o 500 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Hiki i nā muliwai muliwai, nā wai wai hou, nā kai kū kai. ʻO ka pūnana Swans ma nā kapakai ʻo Baletika, ʻAkelanika a me ʻAsia. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, hele nā keiki i ka Caspian a me nā Kai ʻEleʻele no ka hoʻoilo. Hiki i nā manu ke noho i loko o kā lākou pūnana, a laila hānai nā kānaka iā lākou.
I ka hoʻoilo, hui lākou i loko o nā kolone liʻiliʻi. Inā maʻi kekahi o nā lālā o ka ʻohana a ʻaʻole hiki ke lele, hoʻopanee ke koena i ka lele a hiki i ka wā e ola ai ka mea maʻi. I ka hoʻoilo, noho keʻokeʻo nā hulu manu, ke lele lākou i kahi ʻano mahana, pouli lākou.
He aha ka ʻai a ka mū ʻole?
Kiʻi: Swan mumū mai ka Red Book
Mea kākau: Medvedeva Svetlana (@ msvetlana012018)
Makemake i ka meaʻai hulu o nā mea kanu. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka papaʻai o nā swans ulu hihiu i kā nā manu kūloko.
ʻAi ka mū ʻole:
- nā aʻa;
- nā ʻāpana o lalo o ka wai o nā mea kanu;
- rhizome;
- limu chara a me filamentous.
Inā loaʻa nā crustacea liʻiliʻi a me nā mollusc ma nā mea kanu, lilo lākou i meaʻai na ka swans. Mahalo i ko lākou ʻāʻī lōʻihi, hiki i nā manu ke lū i ka wai i kahi hohonu o hoʻokahi mika. E like me nā ʻāpō, kūpenu lākou i ko lākou poʻo, ʻāʻī a me ka ʻaoʻao mua o ke kino i loko o ka wai, kū pololei i ka wai a hiki i ko lākou nuku a hiki i lalo. Ma ka ʻāina, hānai nā swan i nā lau a me nā ʻanoʻa.
Ke luʻu ʻana, haehae ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu, kahi a nā moa e ʻai ai. I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻopau ʻia ka limu i meaʻai. Ma muli o ka ʻino a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka wai, paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. A laila pōloli lākou a luhi a hiki i kahi mea hiki ʻole iā lākou ke lele. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e waiho i ko lākou mau pūnana a kali no ke ani maikaʻi.
Hoʻoikaika ka poʻe i nā manawa āpau e hānai i nā pepeiao mū me ka berena, akā ʻaʻole hiki ʻole loa kēia. ʻAʻole kūpono ka ʻōpū o nā manu no ia ʻano meaʻai. ʻAi i ka palaoa pehu, hiki i ka swan ke maʻi a make. I ka manawa like, hiki i ka hānai ʻana me ka palaoa ke hoʻopakele i nā manu mai ka wī i ka hoʻoilo. Hiki iā lākou ke ʻai a i 4 kg o ka palaoa i kēlā me kēia lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Swan Mute
Noho nā Swans i kahi manawa nui o ko lākou ola i ka wai. I nā wahi mehameha, hiki iā lākou ke hele i ka ʻāina. No ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka pō, noho nā manu i loko o nā kino wai: i nā wahi o nā rhizome a me nā ʻohe pili. ʻAe hoʻomanawanui lākou i nā manu ʻē aʻe, no laila hiki iā lākou ke kūkulu i nā pūnana ma hope o ke kēkā.
Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonohonoho i nā kolone ʻelua a ma kahi kaʻawale. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kahi ʻano maluhia, hōʻike lākou i ka huhū wale nō ke pale ʻana i kahi ʻāina. Ke hoʻokokoke aku ka pilikia, pelu nā manu i ko lākou ʻāʻī, hoʻoluliluli i ko lākou hulu a ʻau aku i ka malihini. I ka wā o ka hakakā, paʻi ikaika lākou me ko lākou nuku. Hiki ke hōʻeha nui ʻia e ka hoihoi nui i ka masonry.
Inā ʻaʻohe mea nāna e hoʻopilikia i ka punana, paʻa nā swans i ko lākou wahi noho a hiki i ka mea hope loa a waiho wale ia ke paʻa ka hau i ka waihona wai. Hoʻomaka ka lele ʻana mai ka hopena o Kepakemapa ma ka ʻākau a mai ʻOkakopa i ka hema o ka pae. Lele nā manu i ke ao a me ka pō. Hoʻolahalaha loa ka hiona o nā ʻeheu o ka hipa. Lele lākou i kahi laina oblique, e hoʻopuka ana i nā ʻalalā.
I ka wā hoʻoilo, noho nā mute i nā pālua i hana mua ʻia. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe mehameha i nā hoa a komo i loko o nā pili male. Mai ka makahiki ʻelua, molt swans ʻelua manawa o ka makahiki. I ka wā o ka molt piha i ke kauwela, nalowale ka manu i ka hiki ke lele. I kēia wā, mālama nā mākua i nā moa a ʻaʻole hiki ke haʻalele iā lākou ke hopohopo.
Aia kekahi moʻolelo kaulana e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo swan. ʻLelo ʻia inā make kekahi o nā hoa, a laila ʻaʻole ʻimi hou kekahi i kekahi ʻelua. ʻAʻoleʻoiaʻiʻo maoli kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, noho nā manu me hoʻokahi hoa i ko lākou ola. Akā, inā make ʻo ia, ke ʻimi nei ka lua i pālua hou.
ʻOiai ko lākou nui nui, lele lele nā mū. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki iā lākou ke hui pū i loko o nā kolone o nā kaukani e pale aku i ka hoʻouka kaua o nā mea hōkai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻo Swans i ka haʻalele ʻana i ka ʻāina. Hana wale kēia i ka wai a me kahi holo lōʻihi. I nā kūlana maikaʻi ʻole, moe lākou i ka honua, hūnā i ko lākou nuku i ka hulu a kali i ka wā maikaʻi ʻole.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: hānai manu hānai
Mai ka makahiki ʻehā, lilo nā swan i mau kāne male. Ma muli o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia ʻana o ke kanaka, haki paha nā ʻohana a nui loa nā kāne kāne hoʻokahi, a ʻo ka hopena a lākou e hoʻāʻo ai e hoʻowahāwahā i nā wahine mai nā paʻa e kū nei. Pākuʻi nā kāne i ko lākou ʻeheu ʻeha me ka ʻeha, akā ʻo ka pinepine hiki ke kipaku ʻia ka malihini.
Koho pū nā kāne i kahi pūnaewele ma kahi o kahi wai wai me kahi kahakai nui. No nā mea hoʻokahi, hoʻomaka ka wā male i Malaki. I kēia manawa, ʻauʻau nā manu ma kahi kokoke, paʻi nā kāne i ko lākou mau ʻeheu a hoʻomoe pinepine i ko lākou poʻo i loko o ka wai. A laila ʻauʻau ke kāne i ka wahine a pili lāua i nā ʻāʻī.
Ma hope o kēlā mau hana, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka wahine i ka wai a hiki i kona ʻāʻī a male lāua. A laila lana aʻe ka wahine, hoʻopili i ko lākou umauma i kekahi i kekahi a hoʻomaka i ka palaki ʻana i kā lākou hulu. Eia kekahi, kūkulu ka wahine i kahi pūnana mai nā wahi kahi o ka poʻe. Pale ke kāne i kēia manawa i ka panalāʻau a me ka hisses i nā malihini ʻē aʻe a pau.
ʻO ka pūnana nā nāhe ʻohe o ka makahiki i hala a me nā mea kanu wai. Hiki i kahi pūnana ma ka wai pāpaʻu ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika ka lōʻihi a 75 kenimika kiʻekiʻe. Inā kūkulu ʻia ʻo rhizome, a laila hiki i kona ākea ke piʻi i 4 mika, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o hoʻokahi mika. Ke mākaukau ka hale, huki ka wahine i ka fluff mai ka umauma a kau i ka lalo me ia.
Hāʻawi wale nā Swans i kā lākou hānau mua i hoʻokahi hua manu. Ke oʻo a wahine, piʻi ka helu i 5-8. I ka mua, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli nā hua, akā i ka manawa o ka hānau ʻana o ka moa, ua keʻokeʻo i ke kala. Kū ka hoʻoulu ʻana ma kahi o 35 mau lā. Pale ke kāne i ka ʻāina i kēia manawa āpau.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kauwela, ʻikea nā keiki hina, i ʻike a ʻauʻau me ko lākou makuahine mai ka hānau ʻana. No nā malama ʻehā mua, hānai nā pēpē ma ke kua o ka wahine, i ka pō e hiamoe ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i ka pūnana. Ma o 5 mau mahina, ua kūʻokoʻa nā moa. I ka hāʻule, lele ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i ka hoʻoilo i nā wahi mehana.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā swan swan
Kiʻi: White Swan Mute
He mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe nā mākua, no ka mea, ikaika lākou a koa hoʻi i mea e makaʻu ai i nā mea ʻino a me nā kānaka. ʻAʻa pū nā kāne e hoʻouka i nā moku inā manaʻo lākou i ka hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻohana mai iā lākou. Kāhea lākou a holo wikiwiki i ko lākou poʻe ʻenemi.
No nā moa Eurasia, nā ʻalopeke, nā aeto gula, osprey, a me nā manu kai e ʻiʻo ʻia he ʻenemi. Hiki ke hōʻino ʻia ka pūnana e nā bea ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻīlio hae. A i ʻole komo i kahi keiki ʻōpio. E makaʻala nā poʻe noho o ka tundra i nā ʻalopeke Arctic. No nā mākua, hiki wale mai ka hoʻoweliweli mai nā ʻīlio hae a i ʻole nā bea.
Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā lawaiʻa e noho ana ma ʻAkau ʻAkau e nā lawaiʻa, nā raccoons, nā lynxes, nā ʻūlū, nā wolverine, nā manu koraka, nā otter, nā pueo Hiki ke alualu ʻia nā pēpē e nā kuhukukū nui o ʻAmelika. E makaʻala nā ʻūlū o Australia i ka dingo, ka mea ʻai wale o ka ʻāina.
He hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa ka mū ʻole, e kōkua ai e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻenemi no kahi manawa lōʻihi, a i kekahi manawa hoʻi, e hoʻopaʻi iā ia.
I ka wā kahiko, alualu ʻino ʻia nā manu, pepehi ʻia nā manu no ka ʻiʻo a i lalo. ʻO ka hopena, ua lilo ka swan i ʻano laha ʻole. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, i ka wā o ka hoʻouka kaua, ua luku loa ʻia nā ʻūlū ma ka ʻāina ʻo Belarus.
Me nā moa wai ʻē aʻe, maʻi nā manu mū a make ma muli o ka haumia o nā kahawai, nā hale, nā ʻoihana, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka hana hydrocarbon, ka aila wahie a me ka liu ʻaila. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki i nā manu ke noho i loko o kahi ʻaila a i ʻole puddle aila wahie, e alakaʻi ai i ka make ʻeha. Kūpilikiʻi nā laina uila kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaupaona lawaiʻa kēpau.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma hope o ka luku nui ʻana o nā mū i ka ʻāina o ka USSR, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ma nā wahi āpau. Mahalo i kēia, ua piʻi iki ka nui o nā manu a hoʻomau e hoʻonui a hiki i kēia lā. I kēia manawa, aia ma mua o 350 tausani mau mākua ma Lūkia.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui i nā manu i nā pāka, i nā waihona wai ʻimi, e holoholo ana ma waena o ka māla hua kanu. He mea hoʻonani hanohano ʻo Swans i kēlā me kēia loko iʻa. Hoʻopili maikaʻi nā manu i ke ola i ka pio, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e lawe i nā pilikia i nā mea nona lākou.
Ma muli o ka sparseness o nā heluna kanaka, ʻo ka ʻimi manu pinepine pinepine a maikaʻi ʻole hoʻi. I nā helu liʻiliʻi, hiki ke hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia mea pūnana i ka wā o ka molting. Hiki i nā poachers ke kiʻi maʻalahi i nā manu i maʻule mai ka pōloli a maʻi paha.
Ma hope o ka pāpā ʻana o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mū, ua hoʻi hou kā lākou helu a puni ka honua i 600 tausani mau kānaka, e like me ka manaʻo IUCN. Ma kahi o 30 tausani e noho nei ma UK. I nā ʻāina ʻē, emi ka manawa he mau manawa. Ma Belarus i ka makahiki 2000, ʻo ka helu o ka ʻūmū he 137 wale nō pālua. Ma ka 2010, aia he 244 o lākou. I kēia manawa ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia nā pālua 800-950 no ka pūnana ʻana, ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa kaukani mau kānaka e hoʻoiloilo ana.
Ma Great Britain a me Denmark, mālama ʻia nā swans me ka mahalo kūikawā a me kahi kūlana kūikawā. I ka hihia mua, ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 tausani manu no ka mōʻī wahine a kiaʻi pono ʻia. I ka lua, ʻike ʻia nā mute ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona aupuni o ka mokuʻāina.
Kahu kiaʻi hū ʻole
Kiʻi: Swan mumū mai ka Red Book
Hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia ʻano a helu ʻia i nā puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula o Kazakhstan, Kirov, Ulyanovsk, Sverdlovsk, Penza, Chelyabinsk a me ka Repubalika o Bashkortostan. I ka paʻi hou o ka Red Book o Belarus, ua kāpae ʻia nā ʻūlū mai ia mea.
I ka makahiki 1960, ua hoʻoholo ʻia kahi kānāwai e pāpā ana i ka ʻimi manu ʻana o kēia mau manu. Mahalo i ka pale a me ka mālama kanaka e hānai manu i ka hoʻoilo, ke ulu nei ka helu i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻokani ʻia kahi kuleana nui e ka hānau ʻana iā lākou i ka pio. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i kēia ke ola i kahi swan e 30 mau makahiki.
Ua alakaʻi ka hānau mute Captive i ka naturalization o nā manu i nā wahi ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia i kā lākou pae mua - Australia, ʻAmelika ʻAkau a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Ma ʻEulopa, ua ola kekahi o nā mea kōkua ma muli o ka mahalo i nā poʻe ʻōpio i komo hewa ʻole a i ʻole i komo i loko o ka nāhelehele.
Ua alakaʻi ka Domestication i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole makaʻu hou nā swans e noho kokoke i nā kānaka. I kēia manawa hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻia iā lākou i loko o nā loko iʻa a me nā loko i nā wahi noho. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hana ʻino e nā luna. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe lawaiʻa e ʻai a pana nā iʻa i nā hua iʻa. ʻOiai i kahi hanana o kahi nihi, ʻo ka manu me ka ʻike ʻole e ale i ka pū a make i ka lāʻau make.
I nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka swans, noho mālie nā manu a ʻaʻole e paio no ke kūʻokoʻa. Hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou kaiapuni, hoa a hānai. E mālama iā lākou i ka home, ua lawa ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā manu me kahi waihona wai maʻemaʻe a me kahi hoʻoilo i hānai maikaʻi ʻia.
ʻUmeke ʻaʻano - hōʻike pinepine kahi haʻaheo a nani i nā pūnaewele e pili ana i nā ipo ma ke ʻano he laʻana e ukali ai, ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona o ke kūpaʻa a me ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻuhane. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ke kaulana o kēia manu hanohano a hanohano. Mālama nā manu monogamous i kā lākou keiki a pale ʻia e ke kānāwai.
Lā paʻi: 13.05.2019
Lā hou: 07/05/2020 ma 11:49
