I ke kau mahana, ke hele ka poʻe i ka ʻāina a i ʻole e hele i ka nahele no nā ʻalalā, hui hewa paha lākou me kahi nahesa. A, ʻoiai ʻo ka loaʻa wale o ʻekolu mau moʻo nāhesa ma ka Leningrad Region a me St. Petersburg, i waena o lākou he mau mea ʻawahia. No laila, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ke kauwela, a ʻo ka poʻe ʻohi holika, nā mea ʻimi holoholona a me nā mea aloha i nā huakaʻi hele i ka ʻāina, e ʻike ai i ka ʻokoʻa o nā nahesa maikaʻi ʻole mai nā mea weliweli a pehea e hana ai inā hālāwai hewa lākou i kēia mau mea kolo i ka nahele, kahua a i ʻole i kā lākou dacha ponoʻī.
Nahesa ʻawahia
ʻO nā mea ʻawaʻawa o nā nahesa ma ka Leningrad Region, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka viper maʻamau, ʻo ka mahele o ka hāʻawi ʻana ākea ākea i kekahi mau wahi a komo i loko o ka Arctic Circle.
Mūnewai maʻamau
ʻO kēia nahesa, ka mea e leʻaleʻa i kahi kaulana ma ke ʻano he kolohe a kolohe a pili i ka ʻohana viper, like ʻole me kona ʻano e pili ana, makemake i nā latitude anuanu a i ʻole noho i nā mauna.
ʻAʻole nui ka viper maʻamau i ka nui: ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kona kino ma mua o 65 knm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kanaka makua hiki ke 50-180 gram. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, a eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa hoʻi ke kala mai iā lākou.
ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ke kino o ka viper i waenakonu, akā ʻo ka lepa ʻana i ka hiʻu, ʻo ia ka mea i ʻōwili ʻia i ke ʻano o ke koma.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kahi poʻo nui ʻekolu a poepoe ākea mai ke kino e ka intercept cervical intercept. Pālahalaha ka iwi poʻo ma luna, pōkole ka waha, poepoe iki ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā kihi kūlohelohe, ma kahi e waiho ai nā aʻa make, ua māka maikaʻi a hāʻawi i ke poʻo o kēia moʻo i kahi ʻano ʻano. ʻO nā ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ka vipera maʻamau e pālahalaha a ʻaneʻane kū i luna.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻo o ka mea kolo, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻekolu mau scutes nui: hoʻokahi frontal, aia ma waena o nā maka, a ʻelua mau parietal, aia ma hope o ia. ʻO nā pale pale supraorbital pālua e kau ana ma luna o nā maka o ka moonihoawa, i hui pū ʻia me nā haumāna pākiki, e hāʻawi i ka nahesa i kahi ʻano ʻano hakakā. Aia nā puka ihu ma ka pale ihu ma ka lalo o ka waha. Ua uhi ʻia ke kua o ke poʻo a me ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka viper maʻamau me nā unahi horny liʻiliʻi.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o kēia nahesa: ʻeleʻele, kālā-keʻokeʻo, melemele-beige, brown-ʻoliva a me keleawe-ʻulaʻula. I kēia hihia, pena ʻia nā kāne i nā leo hina, a me nā wahine i ka brown brown.
ʻO ka kua o luna o kēia ʻano kope e uhi mau ʻia me kahi kumu, ʻo ia nā ʻano o nā kaha a me nā kiko, ʻo ke ʻano maʻamau o ia he zigzag a he kumu daimana paha. I ka manawa like, he hina hina a i ʻole ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i nā kāne a ke nānā aku nei i ka hoʻohālikelike kūʻē i ka hope hina hina. I nā wahine, ʻeleʻele ke ʻano a me nā mea kaulana ʻole.
Hoʻololi koke ka viper maʻamau i nā ʻāina āpau a no laila loaʻa ʻaneʻane i nā wahi āpau: i nā ululāʻau, ma nā kula a me nā kula, i nā mānoanoa, kokoke i nā wai wai, ma nā ʻāina wai.
Noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i kahi kanaka, e laʻa me ka ʻāina mahiʻai, nā māla mea kanu a me nā hale haʻalele. I kekahi manawa piʻi aʻe nā ʻāpala maʻamau i ka hale ma lalo o nā hale ponoʻī ma ke kuaaina a i nā hale kau wela paha.
E ala ana ma kahi o ka waenakonu o ka puna, kolo aku nei kēia mau mea kolo i nā pōhaku, nā ʻōpala a me nā lāʻau i hina i wela ʻia e ka lā, kahi e hoʻomehana ai iā lākou no ka manawa lōʻihi, e moe ana me ka neʻe ʻole a hohola i ko lākou iwi ʻaoʻao i ka ʻaoʻao. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono i kekahi e hoʻopunipuni iā ia iho me kāna hoʻomaha noʻonoʻo: i kēia manawa, ke nānā pono nei ka nahesa i ke kaiapuni a kokoke i kahi mea e loaʻa ai kahi mea hiki a mea hoʻoweliweli paha e kū kokoke ana, hiki ke hoʻouka koke i kahi mea i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo koke e pakele i ka ʻenemi.
ʻAi ka viper i nā rodents liʻiliʻi, a me nā moʻo a me nā amphibians, akā hiki nō hoʻi ke hōʻino i nā pūnana manu e waiho ana ma ka honua. I ka manawa like, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole inu ka viper i ka wai, no ka mea hoʻopiha ia i ke kino o ke kino mai ke koko o kāna mea pio. Eia nō naʻe, aia he hōʻike e hiki i ka viper maʻamau ke palu i ka hau ma ka mauʻu a inu i nā kulu wai i ka wā ua.
Nui kona mau ʻenemi i ka nāhelehele, e like me nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻūlū, nā pahi, nā puaʻa ʻāhiu, nā manu manu lele a me nā hedgehogs, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e hānai i kēia mau moʻo, pepehi pinepine iā lākou.
I ka hala ʻana o ka pūnāwai, i ka wā he wā hānau hānau o nā moonihoʻi maʻamau, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i nā ʻūlū holoʻokoʻa o kēia mau moʻo, ʻoiai, i nā manawa maʻamau, makemake kēia mea kolo e alakaʻi i kahi nohona mehameha.
Pili ka viper i nā mea kolo viviparous: ʻo nā wahine o kēia laha e hua i nā hua, akā ua hatch nā keiki mai iā lākou i ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine. Hana ka viper iā lākou ma kahi o ʻekolu mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā nāhesa hou he 15-20 cm, a ʻoiai he mea ʻino ʻole a ʻoluʻolu paha nā ʻupena liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopā ʻia i kēlā me kēia hihia, no ka mea ʻona mai ka hānau ʻana.
Mea nui! Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole ikaika iki ka viper a ʻaʻole ia ka mua e hoʻouka i ke kanaka, akā inā pili ʻo ia iā ia, e pale ʻo ia iā ia iho a hiki ke nahu.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia nahesa he 12-15 mau makahiki i ka nahelehele, ʻoiai e mālama nā moonihoawa i loko o nā terrarium hiki i 20-30 mau makahiki.
Nahesa nahenahe
ʻO nā ʻano nahesa ʻawaʻawa ʻole ʻole ma ka moku ʻo Leningrad, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kaheadhead keleawe maʻamau a me ka nahesa. ʻO kēia mau mea kolo ʻelua i ka ʻohana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia.
ʻĀpana keleawe maʻamau
He nahesa non-venomous na ka genus Copperheads, kahi e, ʻokoʻa ia, ʻelua mau ʻano hou aʻe.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia nahesa ma mua o 60-70 cm, ʻoi aku, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāne i ka nui.
Hiki ke pena ʻia nā unahi ma ke kua o ka mea kolo i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole - mai ka hina a i ka brownish brown a me ka ʻulaʻula brownish me kahi keleawe keleawe. Hoʻohui, aia nā coppers me kahi kala ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. I kēia hihia, ma ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino ʻaʻole paha i akaka nā kikoʻī a i ʻole nā kiko blurry liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ka ʻōpū o nā keleawe kelehe hina a hina hina-uliuli paha, akā hiki ke kala ʻia i nā kani ʻē aʻe, a me ka ʻulaʻula brownish. I kekahi manawa ua pōʻeleʻele kēia mau moʻo a me nā kiko ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino.
ʻOi aku ka poepoe o ke poʻo ma mua o ko ka viper a ʻoi aku ka nānā oval ma mua o ka triangular. ʻO ke kala o ka maka Copperhead he amber gula a ʻulaʻula paha.
ʻAʻole like me nā nahesa ʻino, poepoe ka haumāna o ke poʻo keleawe, ʻaʻole kū i luna.
Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano kope e nā kaha ʻeleʻele e waiho ana ma ka laina o nā maka a hele aʻe mai ka waha a i nā luakini, mahalo i hiki ke hoʻomaopopo maʻalahi ʻia ke keleawe keleawe mai nā ʻano nāhesa ʻē aʻe.
Kūleʻa nui nā Copperheads, ke alakaʻi nei i ke ʻano o ke ao. Makemake lākou e noho ma nā lihi o ka ululāʻau, nā aniani, nā ʻāpana, ʻoiai nā lua o nā moʻo a me nā koʻokoʻo, a me nā hakahaka ma lalo o nā pōhaku, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he puʻuhonua. Kokolo lākou ma lalo o ka ʻili o nā lāʻau i hina, a i loko hoʻi o nā māwae i nā pōhaku.
Hāʻule pinepine ko lākou wā hānau i ka hopena o ka puna, a i ke kauwela kau ka wahine o ka ʻāpana keleawe mai 2 a 15 mau hua me nā pūpū lahilahi, kahi e huki ʻia ai nā keiki ola, ʻo 10-20 cm ka lōʻihi o ke kino. 3-5 makahiki.
ʻAi kēia mau nahesa i nā vertebrates liʻiliʻi: nā mea kolo, nā amphibians, nā manu, nā ʻōpae. ʻAi lākou i nā nahesa ʻē aʻe, i kekahi manawa o kā lākou ʻano iho.
ʻO ke keleawe like pono e makaʻala i nā puaʻa hihiu, martens, nā hedgehogs, nāʻiole a me kekahi mau ʻano manu manu ʻio. A pono pono i nā keiki hānau hou ke hōʻalo i nā hālāwai me ka rana mauʻu, ʻaʻohe mea ʻino i ka ʻai ʻana iā lākou.
ʻO ke ola o kēia ʻano nahesa, ma ka awelika, 12 mau makahiki.
ʻAʻole makemake nā Copperheads e hālāwai me nā poʻe a hoʻāʻo e hūnā ke ʻike lākou iā lākou. Eia nō naʻe, inā hoʻāʻo kahi kanaka e lālau iā ia, e kūpale loa kēia nahesa: iā ia a hoʻohālikelike e hele i waho, a inā lilo kēia i mea ʻole ʻole, e hoʻohana ka keleawe keleawe i kahi wai me kahi ʻala ʻoluʻolu ʻole, i hana ʻia e nā glands i waiho i ka hope o ke kino.
ʻOihana maʻamau
Hoʻohilahila nā poʻe he nui i nā nahesa ʻino ʻole me nā moonihoawa, eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī loa ka wehewehe ʻana i kēia mau mea kolo mai nā nahesa ʻake. Ma ke poʻo o nā moʻo, maʻa mau, aia nā māka kala like ʻole i ke ʻano o ʻelua mau ʻano like o ka melemele, ʻaʻole ʻemi a keʻokeʻo pinepine paha. Eia hou, poepoe kā lākou haumāna, ʻaʻole kū i luna.
ʻAʻohe ulu iki nā nahesa ma mua o 1.5 mau mika, akā hiki i nā wahine o kēia laha ke piʻi i nā nui ʻoi aku ka nui - 2.5-3 mika. ʻO nā unahi ma ke kino o ka nahesa he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele i ke kala, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ʻōpū - keʻokeʻo a hina hina. ʻAʻohe hiʻohiʻona i ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino o nā nahesa, koe wale no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana o nā aka ma kekahi mau unahi. Ma ka ʻōpū, loaʻa paha nā māka o ke kala ʻeleʻele me kahi aniani momona.
ʻO ka poʻo o ka nahesa he triangular kona ʻano, pālahalaha ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao luna, ua hoʻopuni iki ʻia ka waha. I mua, uhi ʻia ke poʻo me nā pale kaua nui, a mai ke kua o ke poʻo - me nā unahi.
Loaʻa nā moʻo i nā wahi āpau ma ʻEulopa, pale wale lākou i nā wahi polar a me subpolar.
Makemake kēia mau mea kolo e noho kokoke i nā kino wai - i nā ululāʻau a me nā ulu lāʻau kū kai. Hiki iā lākou ke noho kokoke i nā poʻe: i nā māla mea kanu, i nā ʻōpala, nā pono kūkulu ʻia ma lalo o nā hale ponoʻī a me nā hale kau wela.
ʻOiai ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia e ʻike hou i ka makaʻu i ke kanaka, ke hui ʻana i ka poʻe, ʻo ia iho e hoʻāʻo e kolo a peʻe.
Hoihoi! Inā hopu ʻoe i kahi nahesa, e hoʻomaka ʻo ia i kāna a hoʻowalewale e hoʻouka kaua, inā ʻaʻole kōkua kēia, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻoweliweli aku i ka ʻenemi me kahi wai mānoanoa me ka hohono pungent, i hūnā ʻia e nā gland kūikawā, i ka hihia like, inā ʻaʻole holo pono kēia, e hoʻohālike ʻo ia ua make ...
Inā ʻoe e waiho wale i ka nahesa, e ola ʻo ia a kolo koke i kāna ʻoihana. Akā inā ʻaʻole haʻalele kahi kanaka, a laila hiki i ke kolo ke kuhi he make no hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha hola.
ʻAi nui ia i nā amphibians: nā newts, tadpoles a me nā toads, akā ʻo kāna leʻaleʻa punahele loa nā rana. Eia nō naʻe, hiki nō iā ia ke ʻimi i nā pepelu, nā manu liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻiole. ʻAʻau maikaʻi nā nahesa, wikiwiki lākou a aneane hiki ke hopu i kā lākou mea pio.
Hāpai kēia mau moʻo, ma ka puna i ka wā maʻamau, a i ke kauwela kau lākou i 8 a 30 mau hua. Hana ʻia ka masonry Snake ma nā wahi mehana a mehana: i nā puʻu o ka humus, nā lau i hāʻule a i ʻole ka peat. Ma hope o 1-2 mau mahina, ua hoʻomākaukau nā keiki, no ka ola kūʻokoʻa, mai nā hua manu mai, ʻo ka nui he 15-20 cm.
Hiki i nā moʻo ke oʻo moekolohe ma 3-5 mau makahiki, a ʻo ko lākou ola ke ola ma kahi o 20 mau makahiki.
Hana nahesa
Ua manaʻo lōʻihi ka poʻe i nā nahesa he mea weliweli a me nā mea kolohe, akā, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā nahesa he maluhia loa ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻouka mua i kahi kanaka, ke ʻole ʻo ia e hoʻāʻo e alualu a pepehi paha iā lākou. Eia kekahi, e hoʻāʻo kekahi nahesa e kolo iā ia iho, me ka lohe ʻole i nā ʻanuʻu o ka poʻe e hoʻokokoke ana iā ia.
No laila, i mea e hōʻalo ai i nā hoʻokuʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻana me kēia mau mea kolo, pono ʻoe e hāhai i nā lula maʻalahi o ka lawena i loko o ka ululāʻau, kahua a ma nā mea āpau, ma nā wahi āpau e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hālāwai me ka nahesa.
- Ke hele nei i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia o nā mea kolo e pono ai e lohe maopopo ʻia ke kani o nā kapuwaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua muffled ke kani i ka neʻe ʻana i waena o nā ʻāina wai a i ʻole ka ʻāina mahi wai pulu. No laila, i ʻole e hehi kūpono ʻole i ka nahesa, pono ʻoe e nānā pono i kou mau wāwae i kēia mau wahi.
- Ma mua o ka hele ʻana i ke kuaʻāina, pono ʻoe e ʻaʻahu kūpono: i nā kapa holoʻokoʻa, nā pālule lōʻihi, paʻa paʻa a i ʻole nā jeans, i ʻūlū ʻia i nā kāmaʻa kāpili kiʻekiʻe. I kēia hihia, ʻoiai ka nahu o ka nahesa, nui ka hiki ʻole ke hou ʻia nā kāmaʻa a me nā lole me kona mau niho a, no laila, hōʻeha i ke kanaka.
- Inā he hālāwai i manaʻo ʻole ʻia me ka nahesa, a laila ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻōho, hoʻoluliluli i kou mau lima, a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ke kani ʻana i ka mea kolo me kahi lāʻau a mea ʻē aʻe paha. Pono ʻoe e kū mālie a kali a kolo aku ka holoholona i kāna ʻoihana.
- ʻAʻole pono ʻoe, e ʻike nei i ka nahesa, hoʻokokoke iā ia, a ʻoi aku paha, e hoʻāʻo e hopu iā ia. Ma ka laulā, pono ke nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia moʻo e like me ka weliweli a mālama ʻia me ke akahele, e hoʻāʻo ana e hōʻalo i kahi hoʻokuʻi ākea me kahi mea kolo.
- I ka nahele a ma nā wahi e hiki ai i nā moʻo, pono e makaʻala kekahi. Ma mua o ka noho ʻana ma ke kumu o kahi lāʻau i hina a i ʻole kekahi pōhaku, pono ʻoe e nānā pono a puni inā ʻaʻole he nahesa ma laila.
- Ke kolo nei nā moʻo i loko o ka nahele i loko o nā halelewa o nā mākaʻikaʻi a i ʻole nā ʻeke hiamoe. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ka mea nui e makaʻu i ka mea kolo a mai hoʻāʻo e pepehi iā ia. ʻO ia, ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi i ke alo o kahi kanaka, a no laila, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hana ʻino iā ia, e wikiwiki ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka hale lole a hūnā mai nā poʻe.
Mea nui! ʻO nā nahesa e noho nei ma ka moku ʻo Leningrad a ma kahi kokoke i St. Petersburg ʻaʻole mea make ʻino i nā kānaka, ʻo ka nahu ʻana o ka viper hiki ke lilo i mea weliweli wale no nā keiki ʻōpio a i ʻole nā poʻe me nā pilikia olakino koʻikoʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, he nahu nahesa, ʻo ia pū kekahi mea ʻona ʻole, ʻaʻole ia he mea leʻaleʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā niho o nā mea kolo ʻaʻole e maʻemaʻe a hiki i ka ʻeha i hoʻokau ʻia e lākou. ʻO ia ke kumu e hoʻāʻo ʻole ai kekahi e hana ʻino i nā nahesa weliweli ʻole e like me nā nahesa.
Eia hou, ʻo kēia mau mea kolo, me he mea lā he nani iki ia i ka poʻe, he loulou pono ia i ka kaiaolaola o ka ʻāina, a no laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke pepehi i nā nāhesa no ka mea ʻaʻole e hoʻoulu ka hilinaʻi i ko lākou helehelena.
