ʻO ka tuatara, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka tuatara (Sphenodon runctatus), he mea kolo nui wale ia, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea nona ka manawa hou i pili i ke kauoha kahiko o ka nuku a me ka ʻohana Wedgetooth.
Hōʻike o ka tuatara
I ka nānā mua ʻana, hiki nō ke hoʻokahuli i ka tuatara me kahi moʻo maʻamau, nui aʻe.... Akā aia kekahi mau ʻano e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia mau ʻano kope. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o nā kāne makua o ka tuatara ma kahi o ka kilo, a ʻo nā wahine wahine moekolohe kaupaona kokoke i ka hapalua.
Helehelena
ʻO kahi holoholona e pili ana i ka genus Sphenodon, like i ke ʻano me ka iguana, he kino kona mai ka 65-75 cm, me ka huelo. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka mea kolo me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino. Ma nā lālā, aia kekahi ʻōlelo, nā kiko melemele i ʻokoʻa i ka nui.
E like me ka iguana, ma ka ʻaoʻao āpau o ke kua o ka tuberculosis, mai ka ʻāpana o ka occipital a i ka hiʻu, ʻaʻole kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, kahi e hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano, nā pā triangular. Mahalo ia i kahi piko i loaʻa i ka mea kolo ke kiʻi i kahi inoa kumu ʻē aʻe - tuatara, ʻo ia hoʻi "prickly" i ka unuhi.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka like o ka moʻo me ka moʻo, kokoke paha i ka hopena o ka hapalua o ka ʻumikūmāiwa kenekulia, ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia mea kolo i ke kauoha o ka nuku (Rhynchoserhalia), ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hanana o ke kino, ʻo ia hoʻi ka wahi poʻo.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī o ka hanana o ka cranium o ka tuatara kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi, i hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻōpio muli loa e kahi ʻāʻī luna o luna, ka hale o ka iwi poʻo a me ka pā, i loaʻa ka neʻe e pili ana i ka pahu cerebral.
Hoihoi ia! No ka pono o ka pono, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ke kū ʻana o ka kineticism cranial ma loko o ka mea kolo e like me ka tuatara, akā he ʻano pū kekahi o kekahi ʻano o nā moʻo a me nā moʻo.
Ua kapa ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻano like ʻole i ka tuatara me ka kineticism cranial.... ʻO ka hopena o kēia hiʻohiʻona ka hiki o ka mua o ka iwi ā luna o ka holoholona e kūlou iki i lalo me ka retraction ma lalo o nā kūlana o nā neʻe paʻakikī i kahi o nā ʻāpana o ka iwi poʻo o kahi kolo kolo. Ua hoʻoili ʻia kēia hiʻohiʻona e nā vertebrates terestrial mai ka iʻa iʻa kea, kahi kūpuna i hōʻoia a mamao loa i ka tuatara.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hana kūloko o ka cranium a me ka iwi iwi, kūpono i ka nānā ʻana o nā zoologists kūloko a me nā haole i ke alo o kahi mea ʻokoʻa loa i loko o ka mea kolo, i hōʻike ʻia e ka parietal a i ʻole ka maka ʻekolu i loko o ka ʻoka. ʻO ke kolu o ka maka i ka mea ʻōpio ʻōpio. ʻO ka helehelena o ka maka parietal e like me kahi kiko kiko i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā unahi.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēlā ʻano mea e nā hunaola mālamalama a me nā aniani, i ka nele loa o nā mākala i kuleana no ke kia ʻana i ka wahi o ka maka. I ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana o ka reptile, ulu nui ka maka parietal, no laila paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mākua.
Ka nohona a me ke ʻano
Hoʻoikaika wale ka mea kolo ma nā kūlana wela haʻahaʻa, a ʻo ka mahana wela o ke kino o ka holoholona aia ma kahi o 20-23e pili anaC. I ke ao, peʻe mau ka tuatara i loko o nā lua hohonu, akā me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu o ke ahiahi, hele ʻo ia i ka hopu holoholona.
ʻAʻole kolo nui ke kolo. ʻO ka tuatara kekahi o nā mea kolo i loaʻa i kahi leo maoli, a hiki ke lohe ʻia ka uē kaumaha a me ka uō o kēia holoholona i nā pō nohea.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka tuatara ke hoʻopili pū me ka noho ʻana ma nā mokupuni mokupuni me nā ʻaila ʻaila hina a me ka noho nui ʻana o nā pūnana manu.
I ka hoʻoilo, hibernates ka holoholona. ʻO ka tuatara i hopu ʻia e ka huelo e hoʻolei koke iā ia, kahi e ʻae pinepine ai i ka mea kolo e hoʻopakele i ke ola ke hoʻouka ʻia e nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hoʻoulu hou ʻana o kahi huelo i kiola ʻia he lōʻihi.
ʻO ke ʻano ke hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha nuku a me ka ʻohana niho ʻo Klin e ʻauʻau maikaʻi, a e hoʻopaʻa pū i ko lākou hanu no hoʻokahi hola.
Wā ola
ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona biology o kahi mea kolo e like me ka tuatara he lohi i ka metabolism a kāohi i nā kaʻina ola, ka mea e hoʻoholo ʻole ai i ka ulu wikiwiki a me ka ulu ʻana o ka holoholona.
Lilo ka tuatara i ka moekolohe ma o ka makahiki ʻumikūmālima a iwakālua wale nō paha, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o ka mea kolo i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he haneli mau makahiki paha. ʻO nā kānaka i hānai ʻia i ka noho pio ʻana, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole ola ma mua o ʻelima mau makahiki.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka nohona kūlohelohe o ka tuatara a hiki i ke kenekulia ʻumikumamāhā i pani ʻia e ka South Island, akā ʻo ka hōʻea ʻana o nā ʻohana Maori ua lilo ka nalowale piha a me ka wikiwiki o ka lehulehu. Ma nā panalāʻau o ka North Island, ua ʻike ʻia nā poʻe hope loa o ka mea kolo i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia iwakālua.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka mea kolo kolo loa o ka New Zealand tuatara kahi home o nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi loa kokoke iā Nūhōlani. Ua hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūikawā ʻia ka nohona no ka tuatara o nā holoholona holoholona hihiu.
Nutr o tuatara
Loaʻa ka makemake nui i ka tuatara hihiu... ʻO ka papaʻai o ia mea kolo kolohe he ʻokoʻa loa ia a kū i kūloko ʻia e nā mea kolo a me nā ʻenuhe, nā nananana, nā nīnaʻi a me nā rana, nā ʻiole liʻiliʻi a me nā moʻo.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, nā ʻelele pōloli o ke kauoha kahiko o nā nuku a me ka ʻohana ʻoiho i hōʻino i nā pūnana manu, ʻai i nā hua manu a me nā keiki hānau hou, a hopu pū i nā manu liʻiliʻi. ʻAneʻane hoʻopau ʻia ka mea pio i hopu ʻia e ka maʻi puʻupuʻu, ma hope o ka nau wale ʻia ʻana e nā niho hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I waenakonu o ke kauwela kauwela, hiki i ka palena o ka Hemisphere Hema ma kahi o nā lā he 10 i hala o Ianuali, hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka hana kope i kahi mea kolo kolohe ʻole e pili ana i ka ʻoka o ka nuku a me ka ʻohana.
Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, waiho ka wahine i ʻewalu a ʻumikūmālima mau hua ma hope o ʻeiwa a he ʻumi mau mahina paha... Kanu ʻia nā hua i hoʻomoe ʻia i nā lua liʻiliʻi me ka honua a me nā pōhaku, a ma hope e hoʻoulu ʻia lākou. Lōʻihi loa ka wā hoʻokomo, a ma kahi o ʻumikūmālima mau mahina, he mea ʻokoʻa loa ia no nā ʻano kolo.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka pae mahana kūpono no ka hānau ʻana o kahi helu like o nā pahu hatteria o nā kāne ʻelua he 21e pili anaMAI.
Ua hana nā ʻepekema mai kekahi o nā Kulanui alakaʻi o Welinetona i nā hoʻokolohua hoihoi a ʻano ʻole hoʻi, i ka manawa e hiki ai ke hoʻokumu i kahi pilina pololei ma waena o nā hōʻailona wela a me ka moekolohe o nā pua hake a ka tuatara. Inā kū ke hanana hoʻouluulu i kahi mahana o 18e pili anaC, a laila hānau ʻia nā wahine wale nō, a ma ka mahana o 22 e pili anaHānau wale ʻia nā kāne o kēia mea kolo kāhuna.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka tuatara ka mea hoʻokipa no kēlā me kēia pae hoʻomohala o kahi mite parasite e like me Amblyomma sprhenodonti Dumbleton. I kēia mau lā, ua ʻākoakoa ʻia nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe paha o nā mea kolo mai ke kaʻina o ka nuku a me ka ʻohana o nā holoholona niho Klin e nā holoholona hihiu, nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻiole, e noho ana ma ka moku mokupuni i ka nui a kōkua i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka helu o nā tuataras. ʻAi ʻia nā manuʻai hihiu me ka leʻaleʻa nui i nā hua a me nā ʻōpio o nā mea kolo kolohe, kahi mea hoʻoweliweli pololei i ke ola ʻana o ka tuatara.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o ka haʻahaʻa loa o nā kaʻina hana metabolic, he hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa ka tuatara reptile a i ʻole i kapa ʻia ʻo tuatara - hiki iā ia ke hanu me ka ʻokoʻa ʻehiku kekona.
I kēia manawa, ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā mokupuni i noho ʻia e nā "fossil ola" e nānā pono ʻia e ka poʻe ponoʻī. No laila ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka heluna o ka moʻo maka ʻekolu, kaohi loa ʻia ka helu o nā ʻano mea ʻaihue āpau e noho ana i ka ʻāina.
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e makemake ana e ʻike i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i ke ʻano tuatara i ka nohona kūlohelohe e pono e loaʻa kahi palapala kūikawā a i kapa ʻia paha ka pass. I kēia lā, ua helu ʻia ka Gatteria a i ʻole ʻo Tuatara ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka International Red Book, a ʻo ka helu nui o nā mea kolo e kū nei ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli tausani kānaka.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO kēlā "fossil" ola ʻokoʻa a kakaʻikahi loa, kahi ʻāpana nui o nā ʻelele i noho ma ko mākou Honua ma kahi o ʻelua haneli miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i kēia manawa aia wale nō ma nā wahi pōhaku a mokupuni paha o nā kahawai. ʻO ia ke kumu e kiaʻi kūpilikiʻi ai ka mea kolo a me nā manu ʻole o nā holoholona kolo i kēia lā.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka mea kolo me he iguana nui lā, ʻo ke ʻano o nā mea o loko o ka tuatara e like me nā ʻelele o nā iʻa, nāhesa a i ʻole nā crocodiles.
ʻO ka helu nui o nā tuataras e noho nei i kēia manawa ma kahi o hoʻokahi haneli tausani kānaka. Aia ke kolone nui loa ma ka mokupuni ʻo Stephens kahi kokoke i ka Cook Strait, kahi e noho ai he 50 mau Tuatar. Ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka heluna nui o ka tuatara, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima kaukani mau kānaka.
Ua ʻike lōʻihi ke aupuni o Nūhōlani i ka waiwai o ia mea koloā kāhāhā a kākaʻikahi loa, no laila ua hoʻolauna ʻia kahi aupuni mālama kūpona loa. Hāpai maikaʻi ʻia ʻo Tuatar ma ka Zoo Sydney ma Australia.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he ʻai ʻole ka tuatara, a ʻaʻohe koi koi o ka ʻili o ia holoholona, e kōkua ana i kahi mālama i ka lehulehu.... ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia ke ola ʻana o nā mea kolo kū hoʻokahi i kēia lā, a i ka lawe pio ʻana ua mālama ʻia kēia ʻelele o ka ʻoka o ka nuku a me ka ʻohana Klintooth ma nā wahi kīhāpai wale nō.
Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki i ka 1989 ua manaʻo ʻia aia hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o nā mea kolo, akā ua hiki i ke polofesa kaulana ma ke Kulanui o Victoria a i ʻole Wellington, Charles Dougherty, ke hōʻoia mai kahi manaʻo ʻepekema i kēia lā aia ʻelua mau ʻano - ka tuatara (Sphenodon runctus) a ʻO Tuatara mai Brother Island.
