Kāhāhā ka flora a me nā holoholona o ʻApelika me kona ʻano, he nui nā holoholona exotic, nā manu i hiki ʻole ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a kalaunu kalaunu ko lakou lunamakaainana alohilohi. Nui nā poʻe ʻApelika e mahalo i kēia manu ʻokoʻa me kahi "lei gula" ma kona poʻo, e noʻonoʻo he talisman ia no ka ipu ahi, ua hōʻike ʻia ia ma ke kapa kila o Uganda, he hōʻailona o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Crowned Crane
ʻO ka manuʻi kalaunu ka mōʻī lokomaikaʻi o ka ʻohana manu ʻiʻo maoli. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona kū hoʻokahi o kēia ʻano he lei aliʻi ma ke poʻo, nona nā hulu gula lahilahi.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā manuʻoki aliʻi a pau i nā lei aliʻi i ʻelua mau ʻāpana, e kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina o ko lākou wahi e noho ai ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina ʻApelika.
- ke ola nei ka manuʻā kalaunu komohana i ke komohana o ka ʻāina nui;
- i ka hikina - nā ʻāpana o ka hikina.
ʻO kā lākou ʻokoʻa nui ka hoʻonohonoho ʻokoʻa o nā ʻulaʻula a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā papalina, a i ʻole a ʻaʻohe like.
Video: Kau ʻia ʻo Crane
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano manu kahiko he 40-60 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka wā o ka Eocene, ma hope koke iho o ka pau ʻana o ke au dinosaur. Ua loaʻa he nui o nā kaha kiʻi ma nā paia o nā ana kahiko e hōʻike ana i kēia mau mea kalaunu. Nui a hewahewa nā kaʻao e pili ana i nā crane kalaunu i waena o nā kānaka. Mai ka wā kahiko, noho lākou ma kahi kokoke i kānaka a, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kekahi manawa i ka wā wī ua hoʻouka lākou i nā mea kanu, makemake nui ka poʻe i kēia mau manu hanohano
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻokani nā manu kalaunu i nā kani kikoʻī ma muli o kā lākou kūloko. Mahalo i kā lākou uē maʻamau, maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokaʻawale mai nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana manuahi, ʻoiai inā aia kahi hipa ma kahi mamao loa. Me kāna kōkua, hoʻonohonoho pono kēlā me kēia kanaka iā lākou iho i ka ʻohana i ka wā o nā lele lōʻihi.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻehā kalaunu
ʻO ka manuahi kalaunu he manu ikaika nui ia, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe i kona 90-100 knm a ʻoi paha, ʻaneʻane ʻelua mau mika o kona eheu, a ʻo kona kaumaha mai 4 a 5.5 kg. ʻAʻole haʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia mau mea, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nānā ʻana o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻAneʻane i ke kino holoʻokoʻa o nā crane he ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻeleʻele hina hina, a me nā elytra a me nā underwings e hoʻopuka i nā uhi keʻokeʻo. Ua hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo liʻiliʻi me kahi ʻāpana nani o nā hulu gula-melemele paʻakikī - mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona, ua loaʻa i ka manu kona inoa aliʻi. I nā ʻōpio, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka plumage ma mua o nā mea moekolohe: he ʻulaʻula nā wēlau o ka hulu o ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino, a he one ka lalo. He ʻāʻī ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻōpio, melemele ka lae.
ʻEleʻele ka nuku o ka manu, liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha iki. Ma lalo o ka auwaha, loaʻa i nā kānaka āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i ka wahine, he ʻeke ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula, e like me ke ʻano o nā kuhukukū a me nā moa, akā hiki i ka manuʻū ke hoʻoulu iā ia.
Kāhiko ʻia nā papalina o nā manu me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a me nā kiko keʻokeʻo, he pālua ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao:
- i nā subspecies hikina, aia ke ʻula ma luna o ke keʻokeʻo;
- ma West Africa, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma mua o kahi ʻulaʻula.
ʻEleʻele nā wāwae, lawa ka ikaika. He ʻano ʻē aʻe ka manuʻaleʻa kalaunu e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kāna poʻe huikau - he manamana hope lōʻihi ko ka manu ma kona wāwae.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i nā manu pāpale aliʻi ke lele i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 10,000 mau mika.
Ma hea e noho ai ka manuʻi kalaunu?
Kiʻi: Manu Ke kalaunu manu
Noho kēia ʻano manu ʻokoʻa:
- i nā savannah ma ka hema o ka wao akua ʻo Sahara;
- ʻAitiopa, Burundi, Sudan, Uganda;
- noho iā ʻApelika hikina.
He aʻa maikaʻi ke aʻa ma nā wahi maloʻo, akā pinepine hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi o nā loko, i nā wahi kai me ka wai hou, nā kula wai. Noho pū nā crane kalaunu i nā māla me ka laiki a me nā mea kanu e pono ai ka nui o ka wai. Loaʻa ma nā ʻāina haʻalele i nā kahawai.
ʻAʻole makaʻu iki ka manuā kalaunu i ka poʻe, noho pinepine ia ma kahi kokoke i nā mahiʻai a me kahi noho kanaka. Koho i nā mānoanoa acacia no kahi hoʻomaha o ka pō. Hoʻopili ʻia nā crane kalaunu o ko lākou ola i kahi hoʻokahi, kahi hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele i kekahi manawa, neʻe aku no kahi mamao, akā hoʻi hou. I ka wā maloʻo nui, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ʻimi lākou kokoke i nā wahi hānai, nā mahiʻai a me nā hale o kānaka. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi ke aʻa i nā ʻano hana, a hoʻolilo iā ia i manu aloha no nā zoo a pau, me nā mea pilikino.
ʻO ka wahi lūlū o kēia mau crane mai 10 a 40 hectares, kahi i manaʻo ʻia he wahi liʻiliʻi no kēia ʻano, akā kiaʻi ʻia ia mea mai nā manu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻonoho nā manu i ko lākou pūnana kokoke i ka wai, i kekahi manawa i loko o ka wai i waena o nā mānoanoa.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka manuā kalaunu. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka manuʻā kalaunu?
Kiʻi: kalaunu kalaunu mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻAi nā manuā kalaunu i nā mea āpau āpau; ʻai lākou i ka meaʻai o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu me ka makemake like.
Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kā lākou papa kuhikuhi ma:
- nā hua, nā lūlū, nā aʻa, i kekahi manawa nā cereala mai nā mahi mahiʻai;
- nā mea kolo like ʻole, nā iʻa, nā rana, nā moʻo, nāʻiole, nā invertebrates liʻiliʻi a me nā vertebrates.
I loko o kahi kau maloʻo, holo kiki nā manu i nā holoholona o nā holoholona pepeiaohao nui, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka nui o nā ʻano invertebrates i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā holoholona. Ma muli o ko lākou ʻano omnivorous, ʻaʻole ʻike iki lākou i ka pōloli a hiki mau ke hānai i kā lākou keiki.
I nā kūlana o nā aviaries, ʻaʻohe paʻakikī pū kekahi me kā lākou meaʻai pono. Hoʻohui ʻia ka papaʻai i ka zoo, e like me ke ʻano. ʻO ka hānai mea kanu pū kekahi me ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka palaoa, a me nā mea kanu a pau. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā manu nā mea kanu like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻiʻo, ka iʻa, nā crustacea hamarus, ka tī liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻiole e hana i ka meaʻai holoholona. Ma ka awelika, pono i hoʻokahi mākua a 1 kilokika o ʻelua ʻano hānai i kēlā me kēia lā.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoim: ʻO kēia ʻano manu wale nō kahi mai ka ʻohana manu nui, kahi mea, mahalo i kahi manamana lōʻihi hou, hiki ke noho ma luna o nā kumulāʻau - aia ma kā lākou mau lālā lākou e moe ai i ka pō. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, no kēia mea koho lākou i nā mānoanoa mānoanoa o nā lāʻau acacia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻano kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Nā Crane kalaunu
Makemake ka manu kalaunu i kahi nohona noho. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ia ke holoholo e pili ana i ke kau, me ka hele ʻole ʻana i nā palena o kona wahi maoli. Hiki i nā neʻe kau a me kēlā me kēia lā i ko lākou lōʻihi ke hiki i nā mile he ʻumi. ʻEleu ʻo ia i ke ao, akā i ka pō makemake ʻo ia e hoʻomaha i ka lei o nā kumulāʻau.
Hānai nā manu kōkō i nā hipa nui, e launa pū kekahi me kekahi. ʻOiai i ka neʻe ʻana, kamaʻilio nā mākua ma o nā kani puʻu kikoʻī, kahi mea e hāʻawi ai i ka hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻana o nā hana a kēlā me kēia lālā o ka ʻeke. Wale me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ua ua wāwahi lākou i mau pālua e hānau a pale aku i ko lākou ʻāina mai ko lākou mau ʻohana ʻē aʻe, a me nā gisa a me nā ʻāpala. Inā maikaʻi ʻole ka makahiki ma muli o ke ʻano o ke aniau, a laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā pālua o nā kalaunu kalaunu ke haʻalele i ka ʻohana a kali no nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā hua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ka hihiu, noho nā manuʻāina kalaunu i 20-30 mau makahiki ma ka awelika; i loko o ka hale ākea, me ka meaʻai kūpono a me ka mālama kūpono, piʻi kekahi poʻe ma luna o ka laina kanalimakona makahiki, kahi i kapa pinepine ʻia ai he mau livers lōʻihi ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā poʻe noho o nā zoo.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pīpī manu pua kalaunu
Ua makua kāne nā pāpale aliʻi ma ka makahiki ʻekolu. I ka wā moekolohe, a hāʻule i ka wā ua, hoʻomaka nā mākua e nānā nani kekahi i kekahi a ʻo kahi ʻano o ka hulahula kekahi ala e aloha ai. I ka wā o ka hulahula, hoʻāʻo nā manu e ʻumeʻume i ka nānā nui o kahi hoa hiki. Kiola nā manu kōlea i ka mauʻu i luna, lele a lele i nā ʻēheu o lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i nā kāne ke hīmeni, no kēia mea hoʻonui lākou i kā lākou ʻāʻī a kani nā pū. I ka wā o ka hana, huki ka mea mele i kona poʻo me ka lei aliʻi gula i mua a hoʻolei koke iā ia.
Koho lākou i kahi pālua na lākou, hoʻomaka nā manu e kūkulu i kahi pūnana. Hoʻohana maʻamau lākou i ka sedge a i ʻole nā mauʻu ʻē aʻe no kēia kumu. Kau lākou i ko lākou mau pūnana ma ke kapa wai o ka loko wai, ma waena o nā mānoanoa ma luna pono o ka wai, kahi e moe ai ka wahine mai 2 a 5 mau hua, e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka manu. Hiki i ka nui o ka huamoa ke hiki i 12 knm, loaʻa i ke kala ʻalani a me bluish.
Hoʻokomo nā Cranes i nā hua no hoʻokahi mahina, ʻoiai ke kāne e hana i kahi ʻeleu i ka hana. I hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻo nā moa, nona nā kino i uhi ʻia me ka fluff brown, hiki ke haʻalele i ka pūnana, akā ma hope o kekahi mau lā hoʻi hou lākou. I kēia manawa, neʻe ka ʻohana o nā manu ʻino i nā puʻu e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, a ke piha lākou, holo wikiwiki hou lākou i ka wahi pūnana. Aʻo nā mākeke makua i kā lākou mau moa e ʻimi i ka meaʻai, e hana mau nei i nā leo like ʻole, "wehewehe" i nā lula o ka hana. Hoʻomaka e lele nā holoholona ʻōpio i 2-3 mau mahina.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā crane kalaunu
Kiʻi: Nā Crane kalaunu
I ka nahelehele, hiki i nā manu ʻāhiu a me nā mea ʻino ʻApelika ke hoʻouka i ko lākou ola. Hoʻouka pinepine ʻia nā ʻōpio, i kekahi manawa make ka keiki a i ka hua manu me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa e hānau ai, ʻoiai he nui ka poʻe e makemake e ʻai iā lākou a ʻaʻohe mana o nā mākua e pale iā lākou. I kekahi mau hihia, e pale iā lākou iho mai nā mea ʻino, hiki i nā manu ke noho i ka pō ma luna o ka wai.
Ke papa inoa nei i ka ʻenemi o kēia mau manu hanohano, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻike ʻole i ka nui o ka pōʻino i ko lākou heluna ʻaʻole na nā manu hihiu a me nā holoholona, akā na ke kanaka a me kāna mau hana. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā manuā kalaunu i nā helu he nui no ka hoʻonoho hou ʻana o nā manu exotic i nā pā zoo.
No kekahi mau lāhui ʻApelika, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mea he hōʻailona o ka pōmaikaʻi a me ka laki maikaʻi, no laila ʻoi loa nā ʻohana waiwai e hoʻāʻo e kiʻi iā ia i kā lākou zoo pilikino. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nui nā bogs i hoʻokahe ʻia, ma ko lākou wahi e hana nui nei ka poʻe i ka mahiʻai. Nalo nā Crane ma muli o ka luku ʻia o ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe, haki i nā kūlana maikaʻi no ko lākou ola.
ʻO ka hana hana i ka mahiʻai ʻana o nā mea hoʻohui kemika like ʻole no ka mālama ʻana i nā māla mai nā mea ʻino he hopena kekahi i kēia mau manu, ʻoiai ʻo kā lākou papaʻai me nā hua a me nā ʻiole e noho kokoke ana i nā māla.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka manu ʻehā kalaunu
I ka nohona kūlohelohe, aia ma mua o 40,000 mau kānaka o nā crane kalaunu, i lawa pono no ka hānau kūlohelohe ʻana, akā, eia nō naʻe, manaʻo ʻia ke kūlana o kēia ʻano manuʻaleʻa he palupalu a helu ʻia ia i loko o ka International Book Red. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna aʻe nei, ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ka heluna kanaka o nā mea i lei aliʻi wale ʻia, ʻo ia ka hopu paʻa a me ke kālepa ʻana o nā manu
Ke koi nui ʻia nei lākou ma Mali a me kekahi mau ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻApelika, kahi e kū mau nei ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau manu ʻē ma ka home. Ke ʻimi nei nā nui o nā zoo pilikino ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia i kahi mea nani me kahi kalaunu gula. Ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kālepa crane lei aliʻi i nā makahiki he kanakolu i hala.
I ka wā o kā lākou lawe lawehala ʻole ʻana ma waho o ka ʻāina, make ka hapa o ka poʻe. Aia ke kaua kūʻē kūʻē i ke kiʻi ʻole ʻia ʻana o nā manu, a ke ʻike ʻia nei nā kaulahao o lākou, akā ma muli o ke kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka noho ʻana ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻApelika a me ke kumukūʻai nui o nā kalaunu kalaunu ma ka mākeke ʻeleʻele, e ulu wale ana ka hana kū ʻole i ke kānāwai. ʻAʻole makaʻu iki kēia mau mea i ka poʻe, no laila maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana iā ia, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke kūlana me ka emi iki o kona heluna kanaka.
Ka pale ʻana i nā crane kalaunu
Kiʻi: kalaunu kalaunu mai ka puke ʻulaʻula
ʻO ka ʻano manuʻāina crane kūlohelohe i lalo o ka pale honua. I loko nō o ka heluna nui o ka heluna kanaka, aia kahi kū mau i lalo o ke au, ʻoiai ke piʻi mau nei ka nui o ka emi.
ʻElua mau ʻaoʻao kahi e holo nei ka hana e mālama ai i ka heluna manuʻekela lei aliʻi no nā hanauna e hiki mai ana:
- kaohi ʻana i ke kālepa kū ʻole i nā manu ʻē, hoʻonui i ka hoʻopaʻi no kēia ʻano hana kolohe. Hana nā luna mākaukau o nā ʻāina āpau i ka launa pū ʻana, no ka mea me ke ʻano o ia ʻano hiki ke helu i kahi hopena nui;
- ka mālama ʻana i ka wahi noho mau no nā manuʻā, ʻo ia hoʻi nā wai kai me nā wai hou, nā wahi kai, i nā makahiki i hala aku nei i kahe nui ʻia, a ma ko lākou wahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā kūlanakauhale, ua mahi ʻia nā ʻāina mahiʻai.
Inā ʻoe e waiho wale i ka manuʻi kalaunu, pale iā ia mai nā hana luku a ke kanaka, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻihoʻi wikiwiki i kona heluna kanaka a hoʻololi i ke kūlana o kāna ʻano i ka mahele o ka hale paʻa. Minamina, i ke anilā me nā loaʻa kālā maʻalahi, ʻaʻole noʻonoʻo ka poʻe e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o kā lākou moʻopuna a me nā moʻopuna, ka mea, i ka nui o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna o nā manuʻio ke kalaunu, hiki iā lākou ke mahalo iā lākou wale nō ma nā zoo a i ʻole nā kiʻi i nā puke zoology.
Mele kalaunu He manu nani loa ia, nani a nani hoʻi. Hiki iā ia ke kapa ʻia he mōʻī o ka ʻohana manuʻala holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kā lākou neʻe ʻeleu a me nā hulahula ʻana o ka moena ʻokoʻa, ka mea hiki ke nānā wale ʻia i ko lākou wahi maoli. Ma muli o ka palekana o ka honua, lana ka manaʻo e ʻike kā kā mākou poʻe mamo mamao i ka hulahula ʻano ʻole o kēia mau manuʻā.
Lā hoʻopuka: 08/07/2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 22:35
