ʻO Capybara - ka nui loa o nā rodents semi-aquatic o kēia au. Uhi ka laulā o nā capybaras i ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika Hema. Ma ke komohana ua kaupalena ʻia e nā ʻanuʻu o nā Andes, ma ka hema hiki aku ia i nā panalāʻau o Argentina. ʻO nā ipu o nā kahawai Orinoco, La Plata a me Amazon nā wahi noho nui o nā capybaras.
ʻO ka inoa o ka holoholona, me kekahi mau kuhi hewa mai nā ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika Hema, ua lawe ʻia e ka Pukiki. I kā lākou mana, kani e like me capivara. Ua hoʻololi ka poʻe Sepania i kēia inoa i capibara. I kēia palapala, aia ka inoa i nā ʻōlelo nui o ka honua. ʻO ka helehelena a me ke kū mau i ka wai i hāʻawi i ka capybara i inoa lua - ka capybara.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
No kahi rodent, mahalo nui nā ana o ka holoholona. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe mai ka honua a mae i nā kāne makua a hōʻea i 60 knm. ʻO ke kaumaha i kahi wā i hānai maikaʻi ʻia e hōʻea i 60-63 kg. ʻO nā wahine ma kahi o 5% ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā kāne. Kūlike kēlā mau palena no nā capybaras e noho nei i nā kaona equatorial o kā lākou pae.
ʻO kahi capybara i hopu ʻia ma Brazil i hōʻea i kahi nui o ka moʻolelo. ʻO 91 kg kona kaumaha. Ua loaʻa ke kāne nui loa ma Uruguay. Ua huki ʻo ia 73 kg. Ke noho nei ʻo Capybaras ma ʻAmelika Waena a i ʻole ma nā palena hema o ka laulā he 10-15% mau māmā a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kumukūʻai maʻamau.
ʻO Capybara — holoholona lokomaikaʻi iki. I ke kaulike, hoʻohālikelike ke ʻano o ke kinona me kahi mea i mamao aku - kahi puaʻa guinea. Kino-kino ke kino. Kākoʻo kahi ʻāʻī pōkole mānoanoa i kahi poʻo nui e pau i ka mu mu ākea. ʻO nā auricle poepoe liʻiliʻi, nā maka liʻiliʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā puka ihu ākea ākea a me kahi lehelehe luna i hoʻomohala ʻia - hāʻawi kēia āpau i kahi poʻo i kahi hiʻohiʻona boxy.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā iwi ā me 20 mau niho. Ākea nā incisors me kahi auwae kūwaho kūwaho. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ka enamel ma nā incisors i mea e ʻoi mau ai lākou. ʻO Capybaras nā rodent herbivorous, no laila ʻo ka ukana nui ke wili ka meaʻai i nā niho o ka papalina. Ulu lākou i loko o kahi holoholona i kona ola a pau.
Kau ke kino kaumaha o ka capybara ma nā lālā pōkole. ʻO nā wāwae mua he ʻehā. Ma ke kua - ʻekolu mau manamana wale. Kōkua ka membrane ʻauʻau interdigital i ka holoholona e neʻe i ka wai. Pau ke kino me ka huelo pokole. Uhi ʻia ke kino holoʻokoʻa me ka lauoho kiaʻi paʻakikī, ʻaʻohe kapa komo lalo o ka hulu o nā holoholona.
Nā ʻano
I ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻokumu ka capybara i ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola i kāna hui ʻohana ponoʻī. He lālā ʻo ia o ka ʻohana Caviidae. Pili kēia i nā puaʻa guinea, me nā holoholona i kapa ʻia ʻo kui, mara, moco a me nā meheu nui ʻē aʻe kūwaho. Hoʻokumu ʻo Capybaras i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa, i hāpai i ka inoa generic "capybara" a i ʻole Hydrochoerus. Loaʻa i ka genus capybara nā ʻano ola ʻelua:
- He ʻano nominative ʻo Capybara. Hāpai i ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā inoa ʻē aʻe: capybara maʻamau, capybara nui.
- Pa-kope liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia holoholona he ʻano ʻokoʻa ma 1980. Ma mua o kēia, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Hydrochoerus isthmius, e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia i ka honua ʻepekema, kahi ʻāpana o ka capybara maʻamau.
ʻO ka genus capybara, e hōʻoia ana i ko lākou kumu kahiko, e komo pū kekahi ʻano laha i lilo i mau miliona miliona i hala aku nei - Hydrochoerus gaylordi. I ka makahiki 1991, ua loaʻa nā koena o kēia holoholona ma Grenada. Ua noho ka capybara prehistoric i ka hopena o Cenozoic. ʻO kēia hopena i hana ʻia e kahi hui o nā paleontologists ʻAmelika i ʻike, wehewehe a hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻike.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO nā holoholona holoholona ʻo Capybaras. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā hui, e laʻa me 3-5 mau kāne, 4-7 mau wahine a me nā ʻōpio. Paʻapū nā pilina hui. Noho aliʻi nā kāne, i waena o lākou e kū ai kahi alakaʻi maopopo. Ma muli o ke alo o kahi alakaʻi hoʻokahi, ʻaʻohe hakakā o nā kāne. Ke kāne, ke koi nei i ke kuleana nui, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke lanakila a pale aku paha iā ia, alakaʻi pinepine i kahi ola bachelor a noho kaʻawale mai ka pūʻā.
Kuhi nā kani ma ke ʻano he kamaʻilio a me ka kaohi. Akā ʻaʻole nui o lākou i ka arsenal o nā rodents. ʻO ka hōʻailona nui e like me ka ʻīlio hae. Hāʻawi ia i ka makaʻu i nā ʻenemi a hōʻoluʻolu i nā lāhui ʻōiwi hele hewa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pilau. ʻO ka ʻikepili nui o nā leka ʻala o nā kāne he noi no ke kuleana o ka ʻāina. Kamaʻilio ka wahine me ke kōkua o ka pilau o kona mākaukau e hoʻomau i ka heihei.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā glands ma ka waha a ma lalo o ka huelo e hana i nā mea ʻona. Hoʻopuni ʻia ka momona o ka huelo (anal) e nā huluhulu e hāʻule maʻalahi i ka wā e hoʻopā ai. Haʻalele nā kāne i kēia mau lauoho ma ka mauʻu a me nā nāhelehele, hōʻike lākou i kahi ʻala no ka manawa lōʻihi, maopopo ke ʻano o nā capybaras ʻē aʻe.
Noho ʻo Capybara ma nā ʻāina āpau o ʻAmelika Hema koe wale ʻo Chile. Hānai nā hui o nā capybaras a me nā holoholona hoʻokahi i nā nāhelehele deciduous kiʻekiʻe kokoke i nā kino wai. ʻO Capybaras e like me nā kahawai, nā loko haʻahaʻa a me nā kahawai. I ka wā ua, ulu nui nā capybaras ma nā wahi i kahe o ka savannah. ʻO Capybara i ke kiʻi ke kū pinepine i ke kū ʻana i ka wai.
ʻO ka maʻamau e hoʻomohala ka ʻohana capybara i kahi papa o 10 a ʻoi paha maueka. I ke kau ua, me ka hōʻiliʻili nui o nā mauʻu, e emi paha ka wahi o ka pūnaewele. Me ka hoʻomaka o ka maloʻo, lilo i nā kahawai i papau, kēia e neʻe ai i nā wai maloʻo ʻole. Ke ikaika nei ka hoʻokūkū no ka wai a me ka meaʻai. Akā ʻaʻole hakakā nā capybaras, akā hana i nā pūʻā nui (100-200 poʻo), i kaohi ʻia e kahi hui kāne.
Hele pinepine nā ʻohana o capybaras i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka wai a me ka palekana i nā mahiʻai, i loko o nā peni a noho maikaʻi pū kekahi ma kahi o nā lau nahele nui. Ua loaʻa ʻo Capybaras i nā nohona kūpono i Florida a me Kaleponi. Ma kahi i hanai ʻia i mua, akā ua hoʻomaka nā holoholona i pakele e hoʻokumu i nā heluna o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau.
Noho nā holoholona a me nā capybaras hoʻokahi i nā wahi kahi e nui ai nā mea ʻaihue. I ka nahele, hiki i nā capybaras ke kiʻi i ka leopadi no ka ʻaina awakea, i loko o kā lākou wai maoli, hiki i kahi crocodile a i ʻole anaconda ke hoʻouka i kahi capybara, a hoʻouka nā ʻaeto a me nā ʻio i nā puaʻa a me nā holoholona makua mai ka lani. Me nā kaomi koʻikoʻi o nā mea hōʻole, hiki i nā capybaras ke hoʻololi i ko lākou ʻano o ke ola: hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaha i kahi pale i ke ao, hānai i ka pō.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO ka lau nahele ka ʻai nui a nā capybaras. Pau lākou i nā mea momona o nā mea kanu: tubers, lau, bulbs. Hiki i nā Capybaras ke luʻu no nā greens momona. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolilo i 5 mau minuke ma lalo o ka wai.
Koho pono ʻo Capybaras i kā lākou papaʻai. I ke kūlana o ka hānai momona o kēlā me kēia ʻano, nānā ʻole ʻia nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ke koho ʻia o nā mea kanu momona loa ma ke ʻano he meaʻai, paʻakikī e ʻeli. I mea e hoʻonui ai i ka helu o nā koʻohune o ka ʻōpū e haki i ka fiber, ʻai nā capybaras i kā lākou mau lepo ponoʻī.
ʻO kēia ʻano hana o ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana i ka flora ʻōpū e kōkua ai e ʻeli i ka nui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kapa ʻia he autocoprophagy. Hoʻohui ʻia, hana pinepine nā capybaras e like me nā ruminants. Hoʻopau hou lākou i ka meaʻai i ale mua ʻia a nau hou. ʻO kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e ʻae iā ʻoe e lawe i ka nui o nā protein a me nā huaora mai greens.
E like me nā mea kanu lāʻau āpau, nā capybaras e luku i nā kanu ʻana o ke kō, kō, a me nā cereal ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hōʻino i nā kanu o nā melona. ʻAʻole makemake nui nā mahiʻai i kēia, a ʻo nā capybaras, ʻoiai he mau mea ʻino, kī pinepine ʻia. Ma waho o nā kānaka, ʻaneʻane hiki i nā predators ke hoʻouka i ka capybara.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
ʻAʻole paʻa ka hana hou ʻana o nā capybaras i kekahi kau. Mākaukau ka wahine i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki. Akā he mau piko i ka hānau ʻana o nā pua puaʻa. Ma ka hema o ka pae, ma Venezuela, ʻike ʻia ka hapa nui o nā puaʻa i ka puna. I ka equatorial Brazil, ke hana nei ka wā hānau keiki i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa.
Hōʻike ka wahine e pili ana i ka mākaukau no ka hapai ʻana, e waiho ana i nā ala o ka pilau. Eia hou, ke loli nei kāna ʻano. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i nā kani kūikawā - e ʻokiʻoki me kona ihu. Hoʻopuni koke ke kāne nui i ka wahine me ka nānā a hoʻāʻo e mālama i nā kāne ʻē aʻe mai ona aku. ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū moena hoʻomāinoino, nā kaua koko no ke kuleana e loaʻa. Ma muli paha o ke kuleana e koho e koe me ka wahine.
ʻO Capybaras ka moekolohe i ka wai. ʻOiai i loko o ka loko iʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka wahine e hōʻalo i ka pili aloha o kāna hoa makemake ʻole ʻo ia e ʻae. Lulu loa ia, luʻu, a i waho o ka wai. ʻO nā hana hou aʻe ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke keonimana e lilo i mea hiki ʻole. Loaʻa paha ke kāne kūpilikiʻi i ka pānaʻi mai ka capybara, akā ʻaʻole ka helu kūleʻa o nā kāne ʻē aʻe.
Uhi nā kāne liʻiliʻi i nā wahine hou aʻe i ka nui ma mua o hoʻokahi. Hoʻohui ʻia, noho nā gometes kāne capybara i kahi manawa lōʻihi, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o nā meheu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohālikelike kēia mau ʻike ʻelua i nā manawa o ka makua ma waena o nā kāne kāne nui a me nā kāne o lalo.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o ka capybara he 130-150 mau lā. No ka hānau ʻana o nā pēpē, ʻaʻole kūkulu ʻia nā puʻuhonua, ʻaʻole ʻeli ʻia nā lua. Hānau ʻia nā puaʻa i ka mauʻu, ma kahi mamao aku mai ka pūʻā nui. Hoʻokumu piha ʻia nā pēpē, uhi ʻia me ka hulu o nā pēpē, a hiki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa.
Hoʻokumu ka capybara i 1 a 8 mau puaʻa puaʻa. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa he 4 mau keiki hānau. Hānau ʻia nā pēpē ikaika a ʻoi loa hoʻi e oʻo, mākua, akā ʻaʻole nā luahine. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka loaʻa a me ka waiwai o ka hānai i loaʻa i ka wahine i ka wā hāpai e hoʻopili i ka maikaʻi o nā keiki.
ʻO Piglets ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a palu ʻia e ka makuahine e hele koke i ko lākou mau wāwae. Ma hope o hoʻokahi hola, hui ka wahine i ka hana, me nā keiki, i ka pūʻā nui. Hoʻokumu nā holoholona ʻōpio o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa i loko o ka hānai maʻamau i kā lākou ponoʻī, kahi hui kaʻawale, aia ma lalo o ka pale o nā ʻohana āpau.
I ʻekolu mau pule o ka makahiki, hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka waiū o ka makuahine. Ma hope o 16 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hū ka wahine i nā holoholona ulu o kāna waiū. Me ka kali ʻole no ka hopena o ka hānai ʻana i nā pēpē, hiki i ka capybara ke hoʻomaka i kahi pōʻaiapuni hou. No hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i kahi wahine makua ke lawe mai i 2, a i kekahi manawa he 3 mau litters.
ʻO Capybara ma ka zoo aiʻole e noho ana ma ka home no 11, i kekahi manawa he 12 mau makahiki. I ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o nā maka o nā rodents semi-aquatic i 2-3 mau makahiki. Akā ʻo kēia lōʻihi lōʻihi o ke ola ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia. Kakaikahi wale nō ke ola i ka ʻelemakule. I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā hana a nā mea hōkai, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻo 3-4 mau makahiki.
ʻImi home
I kekahi mau mokuʻāina ʻo Brazil, manaʻo ʻia nā ʻai capybara e ʻai pono ʻia, a eia hou, ʻaʻole kūʻē ka hale pule Katolika i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻiʻo capybara i ka wā e hoʻokēʻai ai a i ka wā o ka pule pule. Ua alakaʻi kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua mālama ʻia nā capybara i mau holoholona mahiʻai.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa iki kā kā lākou hānau ʻana i nā mahiʻai mai ka mālama ʻana o nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole koi nā Capybaras i nā hanana kūikawā a i ʻole nā kūlana kūikawā. Ua lawa ia e kūkulu i kahi pā o ka lawa kūpono i kahi wahi pohō. ʻO ka peni ka nui, e koi ʻia ka nui o ka uliuli i lawe ʻia mai.
ʻO Capybaras, i nā manawa he nui, hele i kahi noho kanaka ma kā lākou hana ponoʻī. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua lilo lākou i mau holoholona synanthropic. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou e nā ʻohana holoʻokoʻa i nā pāka a me nā wahi kaiāulu. Ma hea capybara a kāne noho ʻaoʻao ma ka ʻaoʻao. ʻAʻole pale aku ʻo Capybaras i ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe; ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, hoʻāʻo lākou e noi i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena maʻamau ʻole, ke ʻano docile i alakaʻi i ka capybara i ka hale o ka poʻe. I ka pili o ke akahai i ke kamaʻilio ʻana, ka makemake e hoʻopili aku i nā poʻe, ʻo nā capybaras ma mua o nā holoholona nui. ʻO ka nui, ke kaupaona, ka makemake maikaʻi e kaohi i ka hiki ke mālama i nā rodents i kahi keʻena o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO nā mea nona nā hale liʻiliʻi me kahi hoʻolālā nui kokoke i ka hale e kiʻi i kahi capybara. ʻAʻole pono nā holoholona i kahi nohona wale nō, pono lākou i ka wai - kahi kino pāpaʻu kūlohelohe a hana ʻole paha o ka wai. Hiki iā Capybaras ke noho mehameha, akā hoʻomaka lākou e luhi, no laila he ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻaʻole e loaʻa hoʻokahi, akā nui nā holoholona i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
No kahi ola ʻoluʻolu o kahi capybara, pono e kūkulu i kahi hale manu. Ke noho nei ma ke ala waena, kahi e anuanu ai nā hoʻoilo lōʻihi, pono e kūkulu i kahi lumi wela i loko o ka hale kaʻa. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia kahi hale hoʻoilo no capybaras me kahi wai ʻauʻau wela.
Aia kekahi mau pilikia me ka meaʻai holoholona. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai me ka palaoa a me ka mauʻu - loaʻa i kahi hui i ʻai ʻia me ka hauʻoli e nā capybaras. Pono ʻoe e hoʻokolohua me nā puke ʻai. ʻO nā mea āpau e hāʻawi ʻia i ka holoholona e pono ke ʻoluʻolu i ka lā. Wehe ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻaʻole ʻai ʻia, hoʻemi ʻia ka papaʻai.
Kumukūʻai
Kūʻai ʻia kēia mau koʻokoʻo nui e nā mea nona nā hale liʻiliʻi e makemake nei e loaʻa kahi holoholona exotic, a i ʻole nā mea nona nā zoo pilikino. ʻAʻole ia he mea maʻamau ma ka Pūnaewele e hoʻolaha i nā mea no ke kūʻai aku capybara, kumu kūʻai hiki i 100 tausani rubles a ʻoi aku paha.
Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi holoholona, e ʻike aia he kauka holoholona me ka ʻike me nā koʻokoʻo exotic i loko o ka hiki. Hiki i nā Capybaras ke lawe mai i ka hauʻoli wale nō, akā kaʻana pū kekahi i nā maʻi a i ʻole nā parasite me kahi kanaka.
Ma waho o nā kumukūʻai o nā lawelawe holoholona, pono ʻoe e helu i nā kumukūʻai no ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pā a me ka loko wai. I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ia home capybara He holoholona thermophilic. E kū mai nā pilikia kālā liʻiliʻi loa i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka meaʻai no ka capybara - maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi kāna papaʻai.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
I ke kenekulia 16 (e like me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe i ke kenekulia 17), ua hoʻouna aku nā kāhuna pule o Venezuela i kahi leka i ka Vatican. I loko o ia mea, ua wehewehe lākou i ka holoholona e hoʻolilo ana i ka hapa nui o kona manawa i ka wai. Ua noi lākou e wehewehe inā hiki ke ʻai ʻia ka ʻiʻo o kēia kamaʻāina semi-aquatic i nā lā wikiwiki.
I kahi leka pane, ua alakaʻi ke alakaʻi o ka hale pule, i ka hauʻoli o ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Venezuelan, i kaʻiʻo capybara e ʻai ʻia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, me nā manawa hoʻokēʻai, ke ʻae ʻia ka iʻa. Ma waho aʻe o ka capybara, hiki i ka papa inoa o nā māmela i manaʻo ʻia he iʻa me nā beaver, nā honu wai, nā iguanas a me nā muskrats.
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻo Capybaras iā lākou iho ʻaʻole wale i ka hoʻomana, akā i ka hana olakino. Hāʻawi paha lākou i ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi tumo i ka wā e hiki mai ana. Hoʻomaka ia me kahi paradox, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻike maʻalahi.
ʻO ka nui o ka holoholona, ʻo ka nui o nā hunaola i loko o kona kino. Hiki i kēlā me kēia mea ke hoʻomaka e kaʻana like me ka kaohi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi, lilo i maʻi ʻaʻa. ʻO kēia ka likelihood o kahi tumo i kahi meaola nui i loko o nā hunaola he ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kahi kino liʻiliʻi.
I ka hana, ʻaʻole nānā ʻia kēia pilina. ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka maʻi ʻelepani ma mua o nāʻiole, a ʻoi aku ka maʻi o nā koholā ma mua o nā kānaka. No laila aia ka kaohi o nā hunaola me DNA hemahema. Ua kapa ʻia kēia hanana ka peto paradox, ma hope o ke kauka Pelekane nāna i hoʻokumu i ka mea kue.
Ua loaʻa kahi ʻōnaehana genetika kūikawā i kēia manawa wale nō i nā capybaras. ʻO Rodent capybara Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōnaehana pale ʻole nāna e ʻike a luku i nā hunaola e hoʻāʻo nei e lilo i maʻi ʻaʻai a hoʻomaka e hoʻokaʻawale i ka kaohi ʻole. ʻO Capybaras, keu hoʻi i ka ʻelemakule, ʻeha i ka maʻi ʻaʻai. Akā i nā manawa he nui, hoʻopau ʻia ka nānā ʻana o ka maʻi i ka manawa o ka hoʻomaka.
