Leopadi Hikina Hema ua kapa pono ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā predators nani loa o ka ʻohana pōpoki. ʻO ia ka mea kakaikahi loa o nā ʻoihana āpau. Ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa mai Latina ma ke ʻano he "liona spotted". Me nā ʻohana pili kokoke loa - tigers, liona, jaguars, no ka leopadi ke ʻano panther.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: leopadi Hikina Hema
Manaʻo ka poʻe kahiko o ka leopadi mai ka liona a me ka panther, ʻo kā lākou kālani. Hōʻike ʻia kēia i kona inoa. ʻO kekahi inoa - "leopadi" mai ka ʻōlelo a ka poʻe Hatti kahiko. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Far Hikina" kahi kuhikuhi i ka helu wahi o ka holoholona.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o ka leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina i ka makahiki 1637 i ka ʻaelike ma waena o Kōlea a me Kina. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻolako ʻo Korea i nā Kina mai 100 a 142 mau ʻili o kēia mau holoholona nani i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka mea ʻepekema Kelemania ʻo Schlegel i ka leopadi o Far Hikina i ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka 1857.
Video: Leopadi Hikina Hema
Hōʻike nā noiʻi ma ka pae genetical molekiola i ka pilina ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus "panther" kokoke loa. ʻO ka kūpuna pololei o ka leopadi i hoʻomaka ma ʻAsia, a ma hope koke ua neʻe i ʻApelika a noho i kāna mau panalāʻau. ʻO nā koena i loaʻa i ka leopadi he 2-3.5 miliona mau makahiki.
Ma ke kumu o ka ʻike kūpuna, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kūpuna o ka leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina (Amur) nā ʻāpana ʻĀkau Kina ʻĀkau. ʻO ka leopadi o kēia au, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ua ala aʻe ma kahi o 400-800 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ma hope o 170-300 tausani hoʻolaha ʻia i ʻAsia.
I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o 30 mau kānaka o kēia laha i ka nāhelehele, a noho lākou a pau i ka hema-komohana o ka Hikina Hikina o Lūkia, ma ka ʻākau iki o ka 45th kaulike, ʻoiai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20 ua uhi ka wahi i ka Peninsula Korea, Kina, ka Ussuri a me ka Amur. ...
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: holoholona leopadi hikina loa
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka Leopadi kekahi o nā pōpoki nani loa o ka honua, a ʻo nā ʻāpana ʻo East Hikina ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna ʻano. Hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe loea iā ia i ka leopadi hau.
ʻO kēia mau holoholona lohi i kēia mau ʻano:
- Ka lōʻihi o ke kino - mai 107 a 138 cm;
- Ka lōʻihi o ka huelo - mai 81 a 91 cm;
- Kaupaona wahine - a i 50 kg.;
- ʻO ke kaumaha o nā kāne a hiki i 70 kg.
I ke kauwela, he pōkole ka lōʻihi o ka ʻahu a ʻaʻole pinepine ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 cm. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ia i mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ka momona a ulu a 5 cm. I ke kala hoʻoilo, melemele ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me nā melemele-gula melemele. I ke kauwela, e mālamalama ka hulu.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia i loko o ke kino nā kiko ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā apo kinona e like me ka rosette. Ma nā ʻaoʻao, hiki lākou i 5x5 knm i ka nui.ʻAʻole i kūkulu ʻia ka mua o ka waha e nā kiko. Aia nā māka pouli kokoke i ka vibrissae a ma nā kihi o ka waha. Uhi ka lae, papalina a me ka ʻāʻī i nā kiko liʻiliʻi. ʻEleʻele nā pepeiao ma ke kua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: ʻo ka hana nui o ke kala ka camouflage. Mahalo iā ia, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā holoholona ke hoʻoholo pololei i ko lākou nui, lilo ka manaʻo o nā contour i mea hoʻopunipuni a lilo ka leopadi i mea liʻiliʻi e kūʻē i ke kumu o ka nohona kūlohelohe.
Kapa ʻia kēia kala i ka patronizing. E like me nā manamana lima o nā kānaka, ʻano like ʻole nā leopadi, i ʻae ʻia e ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia kanaka. Poepoe ke poʻo a liʻiliʻi. Hoʻolōʻihi iki ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua. Poepoe nā pepeiao pepeiao ʻokoʻa.
Liʻiliʻi nā maka me ka haumāna puni. Hiki i ka Vibrissae ke ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo a hui paha a hiki i 11 cm ka lōʻihi. 30 mau niho lōʻihi a ʻoi hoʻi. Uhi ʻia nā lelo i ka epithelium paʻakikī, ʻae ʻia e ʻoki ʻia ka ʻiʻo i ka iwi a kōkua i ka holoi ʻana.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai ka leopadi hikina loa?
Kiʻi: leopadi ʻA hikina Hema
Hoʻopili maikaʻi kēia mau pōpoki hihiu i nā ʻāina āpau, no laila hiki iā lākou ke noho i kēlā me kēia wahi kūlohelohe. I ka manawa like, pale lākou i nā wahi noho a me nā wahi a ka poʻe e kipa pinepine ai.
Nā pae hoʻohālikelike no ke koho ʻana i kahi noho:
- nā pali pōhaku me nā ʻūlili, nā pali a me nā waho;
- nā pali mālie a pali hoʻi me nā ulu lāʻau kedera a ʻoka;
- ʻo ka lāhui dia a ʻoi ma mua o 10 mau kānaka ma 10 mau kilomika kilomika;
- ke alo o nā ungulate ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ke koho kūpono loa loa no ke koho ʻana i kahi nohona ka waena a me ka hopena o ke kahe o ka wai e hele ana i ka Amur Bay a me ka wahi o ka muliwai ʻo Razdolnaya. Ua hohola kēia wahi no 3 mau mile kuea, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai he 700 mau mika.
ʻO ka nui o nā ungulate ma kēia wahi kahi kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻopuehu ʻia o nā mea ʻino ma kēia wahi, a me ka ʻāina kaulike ʻole, ka uhi ʻana o ka hau i ka hoʻoilo a me nā ululāʻau coniferous-deciduous kahi e ulu ai nā fir black a me nā kedera Korea.
I ke kenekulia 20, noho nā leopadi ma ka hema hikina o Rūsia, ka Peninsula o Korea a me ka hikina hikina o Kina. Ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana a ke kanaka i ko lākou wahi noho, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hope i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana kaʻawale, i hāʻawi i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o 3 i noho kaawale ʻia. I kēia manawa noho nā leopadi ma nā mauna a me ka ululāʻau ma waena o Rūkia, Kina a me DPRK me ka lōʻihi o 10 tausani kilomika kilomika.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka leopadi hikina loa?
Kiʻi: puke ʻulaʻula leopadi hikina loa
ʻO nā hola alualu hana nui loa i ke ahiahi a me ka hapa mua o ka pō. I ke anuanu i ka hoʻoilo, hiki i kēia i ke ao. Alualu hele wale lākou. Ke nānā nei mai ka hoʻohālua ʻana i ka mea i hōʻino ʻia, lele ʻē lākou iā ia e 5-10 mau mika a me nā lele lele e loaʻa i ka mea pio, e pili ana i kona ʻāʻī.
Inā nui ka waiwai pio, noho nā leopadi ma kahi kokoke no hoʻokahi pule, e pale ana mai nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Inā hoʻokokoke kekahi i ke kupapaʻu, ʻaʻole e hōʻeha nā pōpoki hihiu a hōʻike i ka huhū, akā e hoʻi wale i kā lākou mea pio ke haʻalele ka poʻe.
ʻAʻole kūpono ka Leopadi i ka meaʻai a ʻai ʻia nā mea a lākou i hopu ai. A ʻaʻohe mea nui ka nui o ka mea i hōʻino ʻia.
Hiki iā ia:
- nā puaʻa hihiu ʻōpio;
- dia dia;
- dia musk;
- dia sika;
- nā hare;
- ʻūlili ʻino;
- pheasants;
- nā mea kolo;
- dia ʻulaʻula;
- manu
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: makemake nui kēia ʻano leopadi i ka ʻai ʻana i nā ʻīlio. No laila, ma ka puka o nā wahi pale o ka pāka aupuni, e loaʻa kahi ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo: "ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā ʻīlio".
Ma ka awelika, pono i nā leopadi i hoʻokahi holoholona hoofed makua no kekahi mau lā. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻolōʻihi i kahi pāʻina a ʻelua mau pule paha. Me ka nele o ka heluna o nā ungulate, hiki ke kaʻawale ma waena o ka hopu ʻana iā lākou a 25 mau lā, ke koena o ka manawa hiki i nā pōpoki ke ʻai i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi.
E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ʻōpū o ka hulu hipa (ʻo ka hapanui o kāna iho, ale ʻia i ka wā holoi), ʻai nā mea ʻino i ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu cereal. Loaʻa i kā lākou feces i 7.6% o nā koena mea kanu i hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka gastrointestinal tract.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: leopadi Hikina Hema
Ke noho mehameha nei e ke kūlohelohe, noho nā leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina i nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa, kahi o nā kāne i hiki aku ai i 238-315 kilomika kilomika, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 509, a i nā wahine he 5 mau manawa ka liʻiliʻi - 108-127 mau kilomika ʻahā like.
ʻAʻole lākou e haʻalele i kahi i koho ʻia o ko lākou wahi noho no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana lākou i nā ala like a me nā hale noho no kā lākou keiki. ʻO ka wahi liʻiliʻi e noho ʻia e kahi wahine hānau hou. ʻAʻole ia ma mua o 10 kilomika kilomika. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, hoʻonui ka ʻāina i 40 kilomika kilomika, a laila 120.
Hoʻohālikelike nā kuhi o nā mea like ʻole i nā palena like; hiki i nā leopadi ke kaʻana like i ke ala mauna. Mālama nui ʻia ka ʻāpana waena o ka ʻāina, akā ʻaʻole nā cordons. Hiki i nā kāne ʻōpio ke alualu me ka impunity i kahi ʻāina ʻē a hiki i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai lākou e māka.
Ka palena o ka hapanui o nā hālāwai i nā poses hoʻoweliweli a me nā leo namunamu. Akā hiki nō i nā hanana ke make kahi kāne nāwaliwali i ke kaua. ʻAʻole pili nā wahi o nā wahine. Hiki paha i nā panalāʻau kāne ke hoʻopili ʻia me 2-3 mau wahine wahine makua.
ʻO nā leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina ka māka nui ʻaʻole i nā cordons o kā lākou mau wahi, akā ʻo ko lākou mau kiko waena, e ʻōpala nei i ka ʻili o nā lāʻau, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ka lepo a me ka hau, e kaha ana i nā wahi me ka mimi, ka lepo, a me ka waiho ʻana i nā meheu. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau māka.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻo ka subspecies leopadi Far Hikina ka maluhia loa o kona ʻano. I ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ko lākou ola ʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi hihia o ka hoʻouka kaua i ke kanaka.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: cub leopard Hikina Hema
Hoʻomākaukau nā leopadi Amur i ka mākaukau no ka hānau ʻana e 2.5-3 mau makahiki. I nā wahine, hana ʻia kēia ma mua. Hoʻomaka ka manawa o ka male ʻana i ka hapa lua o ka hoʻoilo. Hānau ka hāpai wahine i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia makahiki 3 a hala nā lā he 95-105. Loaʻa i ka ʻōpala mai 1 a 5 mau cubs, maʻamau 2-3.
E like me nā pōpoki maʻamau, hele pū ka wā hānau me nā ʻūlū weliweli, ʻoiai he hāmau ka leopadi a ʻaʻole kamaʻilio iki. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka hoihoi nui i nā wahine, nona nā keiki i ka wā ʻōpio, ke hiki mai ka manawa e kūʻokoʻa ai. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine ʻia kahi lua pēpē i nā ana a i ʻole nā ana.
Hānau ʻia nā kittens he 400-500 gram kaupaona, me nā huluhulu mānoanoa. Ma hope o 9 mau lā, hāmama ko lākou mau maka. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā hoʻomaka lākou e kolo, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina holo maikaʻi lākou. Ma nā mahina 2, haʻalele lākou i ka lua a ʻimi i ka panalāʻau me ko lākou makuahine. I ka piha ʻana o ʻeono mahina, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pēpē ke hāhai hou i ko lākou makuahine, akā hele wāwae iā ia.
Mai 6-9 mau pule, hoʻomaka nā keiki e ʻai i kaʻiʻo, akā hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana o ka makuahine iā lākou me ka waiū. Ma kahi o 8 mau mahina, haku ka pōpoki ʻōpio i ka hopu holoholona kūʻokoʻa. I ka makahiki o 12-14 mau mahina, haki ka pua, akā hiki i nā leopadi ke noho i kahi hui no ka lōʻihi, ʻoiai ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki hou.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina
Kiʻi: holoholona leopadi hikina mamao loa
ʻAʻole pilikia nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i nā leopadi a lilo i hoʻokūkū meaʻai. Hiki i nā Leopadi ke makaʻu i nā ʻīlio, ma ke ʻano he poʻe ʻimi holoholona, a me nā ʻīlio hae, ʻoiai lākou he holoholona nā kula. Akā, ʻoiai heʻuʻuku ka helu o kēlā a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i kēia mau wahi, ʻaʻohe mea e kū ai i waena o kēia mau holoholona a ʻaʻole pili lākou kekahi i kekahi.
Aia kekahi manaʻo kaulana e hiki i nā tigers ke ʻenemi i nā leopadi, akā hewa ia. Hiki i ka leopard o ka Hikina Hikina a me ke Tiga tiger ke noho maluhia me kekahi. Inā hoʻāʻo kahi tigika e hoʻouka i kona hoahānau, hiki iā ia ke maʻalahi i ka puʻuhonua i kahi lāʻau.
ʻO ka hoʻokūkū no ka ʻimi holoholona i kēia mau holoholona he mea hiki ʻole paha ia, no ka mea, ʻimi ʻelua lāua i ka dia sika, a kiʻekiʻe loa kā lākou helu ma ia mau wahi a hoʻonui i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ka lynx maʻamau i nā leopadi.
ʻAʻohe hoʻokūkū meaʻai ma waena o nā leopadi a me ka Himalayan bear, a ʻaʻole i inaina ka pilina. Hiki i nā kuʻina ke ala aʻe ma muli wale nō o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā hale noho o nā wahine me ka pua. ʻAʻole hoʻokumu nā loea i ka mea nui i ke koho ʻana i kahi lua.
Hiki i nā ʻalalā, nā ʻaeto ʻōhule, nā aeto gula, a me nā aeto ʻeleʻele ke ʻahaʻaina i ka mea pio o nā pōpoki hihiu mai nā mea ʻānai. Hiki i nā koena liʻiliʻi ke hele i nā tits, jays, muries. Akā, i kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou i koho ʻia ma waena o nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai o nā leopadi. Hiki i nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻīlio raccoon ke ʻai i ka leopadi inā maopopo iā lākou ʻaʻole ia e hoʻi hou i ka wā pio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: leopadi ʻA hikina Hikina
Ma loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka nānā ʻana i ka leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina, ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole nui ka nui o kāna mau lālā. ʻO ka ʻikepili mai nā makahiki i hala aku nei ma ka helu o nā kānaka e hōʻike i ka leopadi ma ke ʻano he predator maʻamau, akā ʻaʻole nui no ka Hikina Hikina. I ka makahiki 1870 aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo no ke ʻano o nā pōpoki i ka moku Ussuri, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o lākou ma mua o nā tigā Amur.
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka helu:
- ʻImi ʻimi ʻimi holoholona;
- Fragmentation o ka wahi, kūkulu ʻana i nā ala nui, hoʻoneoneo ʻana i ka ulu lāʻau, ahi pinepine;
- Ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka lako o ka meaʻai ma muli o ka luku ʻia o nā ungulate;
- ʻO nā keʻa e pili kokoke ana, ma muli o ka hopena - hoʻopau a me ka ʻilihune o nā mea kūlohelohe.
Ma 1971-1973, aia ma kahi o 45 mau kānaka ma ka Teritori Primorsky, me nā leopadi he 25-30 wale nō e noho mau ana, ʻo ke koena he poʻe malihini mai ka DPRK. I ka makahiki 1976, aia ma kahi o 30-36 holoholona i koe, a he 15 mau mea noho mau. Ma muli o nā hopena o ka moʻohelu 1980, ua maopopo leʻa ʻaʻole e noho hou nā leopadi ma ke komohana o Primorye.
Ua hōʻike nā noiʻi hope aʻe i nā helu paʻa: 30-36 mau kānaka. Eia nō naʻe, i Pepeluali 1997, ua heleleʻi ka heluna kanaka i nā leopadi Hikina he 29-31. Ma loko o nā makahiki 2000, ua kūpaʻa kēia kiʻi, ʻoiai haʻahaʻa loa ka pae. ʻIke ʻia ka ʻikepili genetic 18 kāne a 19 wahine.
Mahalo i ka pale koʻikoʻi o nā mea hōʻole, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka lehulehu. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hopena 2017 i nā hopena maikaʻi: 89 i helu ʻia nā leopadi Amur makua a me 21 mau cubs i ka wahi pale. Akā, e like me ka poʻe loea, pono ma ka liʻiliʻi he 120 mau kānaka e hana i kahi paʻa paʻa o ka heluna kanaka.
Ka palekana leopadi hikina loa
Kiʻi: leopadi Hikina Hema mai ka Red Book
I ke kenekulia 20, ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano i ka IUCN Red List, IUCN Red List, Russian Red List, a me CITES Appendix I. ʻO nā ʻāpana e pili ana i nā holoholona ma ka wēlau o ka make me kahi palena palena loa. Mai ka 1956, ua kapu loa ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pōpoki hihiu ma ka ʻāina o Rukia.
ʻO ka Criminal Code o ka Russian Federation e ʻōlelo nei no ka luku ʻana i ka leopadi o Far Hikina, e hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka mea ʻaihue i loko o ka hale paʻahao a hiki i 3 mau makahiki, inā ʻaʻole ia ka pale pilikino. Inā kū ka pepehi kanaka ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o kahi hui hoʻonohonoho, alo nā mea komo i 7 mau makahiki i loko o ka hale paʻahao a uku i nā pohō i ka nui o 2 miliona rubles.
Mai ka 1916, aia kahi mālama kūlohelohe "Kedrovaya Pad", aia ma ka wahi o nā leopadi Amur. ʻO kona wahi he 18 kilomika kilomika. Mai ka 2008, ke mālama nei ka Leopardovy Reserve. Ua kīnā ʻia ma luna o 169 kilomika kilomika.
I ka Teritori Primorsky, aia ka ʻāina o ka Leopard National Park. ʻO kona wahi - 262 mau kilomika kilomika, e uhi ana ma kahi o 60% o ka nohona holoʻokoʻa o nā leopadi o Far Hikina. ʻO ka ʻāpana āpau o nā wahi pale āpau he 360 ʻahā like kilomika. Ua ʻoi aku kēia helu ma kahi o Moscow ma hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua manawa.
I ka 2016, ua wehe ʻia kahi alawai e mālama ai i ka heluna leopadi o Amur. Hele kekahi hapa o ke ala nui i loko ona a ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā ala kuʻuna o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea neʻe. Ua hoʻokumu ʻo 400 i nā kāmela akomi infrared ma ka panalāʻau o nā mālama i ka pūnaewele ʻoi loa ka nui ma ka Russian Federation.
ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia ka liona he mōʻī o nā holoholona, e pili ana i ka nani o ke kumu hoʻohālikelike, ke kuʻikahi o ke kumukānāwai, ka ikaika, ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, ʻaʻohe holoholona e hiki ke hoʻohālikelike me ka leopadi o ka Hikina Hikina, kahi e hoʻohui i nā pono āpau o nā ʻelele o ka ʻohana manu. Nani a lokomaikaʻi hoʻi, maʻalahi a wiwo ʻole, Leopadi Hikina Hema ʻike ʻia i ke kūlohelohe ma ke ʻano he predator maikaʻi.
Lā paʻi: 03/30/2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 11:27
