ʻO nā iole kahi ʻano i hōʻike ʻia e nā rodents e pili ana i ka ʻohana iole, a ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻeono mau ʻano lino. ʻO nā meheu o ka papa Māmala ka mea nui i ke ola o ke kanaka, mālama pinepine ʻia e like me nā holoholona hoʻonaninani, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i nā hoʻokolohua olaola a me nā noiʻi olakino like ʻole.
Hōʻike o nāʻiole
ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻāpana iole e like me nā holoholona maʻamau o ka honua.... Nui nā ʻokoʻa a nāʻiole mai nāʻiole i ka lawena a me nā helehelena. ʻOi aku ka nui o lākou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka muscular a me ka denser i ke kumukānāwai, me kahi muzzle elongated i ʻike ʻia a me kahi ihu elongated. Liʻiliʻi ka maka o kaʻiole.
I nā ʻōuli mua loa o ka makaʻu, hūnā nā koʻokoʻo o ka ʻohana Mouse i kahi wai ʻaʻala ikaika, mahalo i nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka laha. Ma muli o nā peculiarities o ko lākou ʻano o ke kino, hiki iā lākou ke kaomi maʻalahi i loko o nā lua liʻiliʻi, ʻo ke anawaena ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka hapahā o ka girth o ka rodent iho.
Helehelena
He kino oval nā iole, he ʻano nui ia o kahi ʻāpana nui o nā rodents, a me kahi kumukānāwai kūpono. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 8-30 cm, a ʻo ke kaumaha o ka ʻiole hiki ke holo ma waena o 38 g a 500 g.
Hoʻolālā a kiki ka waha o ka ʻiole, me nā maka liʻiliʻi a me nā pepeiao. ʻO ka huelo o ka nui o nā lāhui e kū nei i kēia lā ua aneane ʻōlohelohe, uhi ʻia me nā unahi a me nā huluhulu kakaikahi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele e ke kū mai o ka lole mānoanoa ma ka huelo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka huelo, ma ke ʻano he kaulike, like ia me ka nui o ke kino a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou, akā aia kekahi i kapa ʻia he ʻiole huelo pōkole.
Ma nā auwae o kahi rodent mammalian, aia he ʻelua mau incisors elongated i ʻike ʻia. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā molara e kahi hoʻonohonoho nui o nā lālani, ma muli o kahi wili wikiwiki a me ka hana o ka meaʻai. Ma waena o nā molars a me nā incisors ka diastema, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ka wahi āwi me ka ʻole o nā niho. I loko nō o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o nā rodents i ka mahele o nā omnivores, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou mai nā ʻelele predatory o ka holoholona e ka loaʻa ʻole o nā canine.
Pono nā incisors o ka holoholona i ka wili mau ʻana, ka mea e hiki ai i ka ʻiole ke hoʻopau loa i kona waha. ʻO kēia hiʻohiʻona no ka loaʻa ʻole o nā aʻa, a me ka ulu mau a me ka ulu o nā incisors. Uhi ʻia ka ʻaoʻao mua o nā incisors me ka enamel paʻakikī, a ma ka ʻaoʻao i hope ʻaʻohe papa enamel e like me ia, no laila ke kaulike ʻole ka wili ʻana o nā incisors, no laila loaʻa nā niho i kahi ʻano chisel ʻano. He ikaika ikaika loa nā niho āpau a hiki ke ʻūlū maʻalahi ma o ka pōhaku paʻa a me nā pōhaku lepo, nā ʻākoʻako a me nā metala paʻakikī, akā na ke kumu i makemake ʻia lākou no ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai o nā mea kanu wale nō.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka pale o nāʻiole he mānoanoa a mānoanoa ma muli o ka lauoho kiaʻi i wehewehe pono ʻia. Hiki ke kala o ka huluhulu i hina-ʻeleʻele a hina hina, i kekahi manawa me ke alo o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻalani a me nā melemele melemele.
Ua hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻole nāʻiole i kā lākou mau wāwae, nā mea e pono ai i ka poʻe koʻeko ke piʻi koke i nā ʻano ʻilikai like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, uku maikaʻi ʻia kēlā hemahema hana e nā manamana lima paʻa loa. Mahalo i kēia hiʻohiʻona ke alakaʻi nei nāʻiole i kahi nohona ʻāina a me ka nohona semi-woody, hiki ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau a hoʻolana i nā pūnana i nā lua i haʻalele nui ʻia o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a manu paha.
Ka nohona ola, hana
ʻO nāʻiole he holoholona maʻalahi a paʻakikī hoʻi i nā holoholona.... Holo maikaʻi lākou, a ma ka hōʻailona mua o ka makaʻu hiki iā lākou ke hōʻea i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 10 km / h a lanakila i nā pale mika kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka hana i kēlā me kēia lā o kēlā me kēia ʻelele o ka iole suborder e like me, ma ke ʻano he rula, mai 8 a 15-17 km. ʻIke ka iole i ka ʻauʻau a luʻu maikaʻi loa, hiki ke hopu i nā iʻa i nui ʻole a hiki ke noho mau i ka wai no ʻekolu mau lā me ka ʻole o ka pōʻino o ke ola a me ke olakino.
Hoʻohana nā rodents i nā lua i ʻeli ʻia a i haʻalele ʻia paha e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma ke ʻano he puʻuhonua, a me nā wahi hoʻomalu a kūlohelohe hoʻi, nā pūnana o nā manu like ʻole. Hiki i nā iole ke noho i kēlā me kēia a hana i nā kaiāulu kūloko me nā helu like ʻole o kēlā me kēia a i ʻole nā ʻohana ʻohana. Ma loko o hoʻokahi kolone, ʻo ka hapa pinepine o nā haneli mau kānaka, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hierarchy paʻakikī me ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi kāne kāne nui, a me kekahi mau wahine wahine nui. Hiki i kēlā me kēia panalāʻau o kēlā me kēia hui ke hiki i ʻelua tausani mau mika kūlike.
ʻAʻole hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia ka ʻike a ka ʻiole a ʻokoʻa i kahi kihi nānā liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 16 kekelē. No kēia kumu, koi ʻia ka holoholona e ʻaneʻane huli pinepine i kona poʻo i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka honua a puni e kēlā meʻa ke ʻike wale ia i nā kani hina, a ʻo ka pouli paʻa no lākou e hōʻike i ka ʻulaʻula.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ke ʻano o ka honi a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka hanauna Ratus maikaʻi wale nō, no laila, ʻike maʻalahi kēia mau holoholona i nā kani me ke alapine ma waena o 40 kHz.
Hiki i nā rodents ke kiʻi i nā pilau ma kahi mamao iki, akā i ka manawa like, hiki i nā ʻiole ke ʻae loa i ka pā ʻana a hiki i ka 300 roentgens / hola me ka pilikia ʻole.
Ehia mau ʻiole e ola nei
ʻO ka nui o ke ola o nā ʻiole i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e pili pono i nā ʻano o ka laha. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki i nā ʻiole hina ke noho ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki, akā noho kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki.
ʻO ke ola o nāʻiole ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i hoʻokahi makahiki. I nā kūlana o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua, hiki i nā rodents ke ola ma kahi o ʻelua mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Aia ka Guinness Book of Records i ka ʻikepili ma ka iole kahiko i ola i ʻehiku mau makahiki a me ʻewalu mahina.
Dimorphism moekolohe
I ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapa, hana ʻia ke kino ʻino i loko o nāʻiole, no laila, e hoʻoholo ai i ka moekolohe o ke koʻokoʻo makua, pono e nānā pono i ke ʻano o nā ʻāpana o nā holoholona.
Nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne:
- ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona nui o ke kāne makua ke kū ʻana o nā testicle nui, i ʻike maka ʻia ke hāpai ʻia ka huelo o ka holoholona;
- ʻike ʻia ka wahine e nā lālani o nā nipples i loko o ka ʻōpū;
- hiki ke hoʻoholo maʻalahi i ka moekolohe o ka rodent e ka mamao ma waena o ka anus a me ka urethra;
- ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ikaika a me ka ikaika o ke kino;
- Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahine e ke kino oblong lokomaikaʻi, a he kino peʻaleʻa ko nā kāne;
- wahine i laumania, silky a me ka palupalu hulu, ʻo ke kāne i kahi momona a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī;
- ʻoi aku ka huhū o nā wahine, no ka pale o kā lākou keiki;
- i nā kāne, ʻike ʻia ka mimi e kahi ʻala ʻoi aku a ʻoluʻolu ʻole hoʻi.
He paʻakikī loa e hoʻoholo i ka moekolohe o nā pēpē ʻiole hānau hou, keu hoʻi inā ʻo ka rodent ma lalo o ʻelima mau lā. Ma ke ʻano he kaulike, aia i nā kāne hānau hou he mau kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma waena o ke anus a me nā genital. Ke ulu a makua, hana nā testicle ma kahi o ia mau kiko.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻomaopopo ʻia he mau rodents i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki o ke ola e hānau a hiki i ka ʻeono kaukani keiki, a, i ka wā ʻōpio, hānau nui pū kekahi me ka ʻeleu.
ʻAno ʻiole
Hōʻike ʻia ka moʻo genus e kekahi mau hanana he ʻumikūmālua, i māhele ʻia i nā hui. No kekahi mau holoholona i kēia lā nā holoholona i pau i ka wā mōʻaukala.
Nānā i nā hui:
- Norvegicus;
- Rattus;
- Xanthurus;
- Leucopus;
- ʻO Fuscipe.
ʻO nā lāhui maʻamau i kēia lā e pili ana i ka genus Rat:
- Iole hina, a i ʻole Pasyuk (Rattus norvegicus) ʻo ia ka lāhulu nui loa i ʻike pinepine ʻia ma Rukia. ʻO ka lāhui i hoʻolauna ʻole ʻia he synanthropus maoli. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 18-25 cm me ke kaumaha o 150-400 g. ʻOi aku ka pōkole o ka huelo ma mua o ke kino. He hopena pupu ko ka waha ākea. Uhi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ʻōpio me ka huluhulu hina, ʻoiai nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻelemakule e ʻike i ka malu ʻulaʻula o ka agouti ʻano. ʻĀlohilohi a lōʻihi hoʻi ka lauoho o waho. I loko o ka'ōpū, he mauʻeleʻele ke kumu o nā lauoho keʻokeʻo;
- Iole ʻeleʻele (Rattus rattus) - ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i kahi ʻiole hina a he mu muower hoʻi, nā pepeiao pepeiao nui, kahi huelo lōʻihi. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele mākua ʻokoʻa ma waena o 16-22 cm me ke kaumaha o ke kino he 130-300 g. Uhi ʻia ka huelo me nā lauoho mānoanoa. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ke kala o ka ʻahuʻula e kahi kua ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kahi hina ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ashy ʻōpū a me nā ʻaoʻao māmā. Kūlike ke kala o kekahi poʻe i ka ʻiole hina, akā me ka ʻāpana māmā, melemele;
- Iole liʻiliʻi (Rattus exulans) ʻo ia ke kolu o nā lāole ʻiole ākea loa ma ka honua. Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻokoʻa nui mai nā congeners e ka nui ʻole o ke kino. ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika hiki i 11.5-15.0 knm me ka nui o 40-80 g.
- Iole lauoho lōʻihi (Rattus villosissimus) he koʻokoʻo lauoho lauoho lōʻihi me ka helu reproductive kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa i kahi kāne makua moekolohe i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma ka laulā o 185-187 mm me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 140-150 mm. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine makua ma kahi o 165-167 mm, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 140-141 mm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o ke kāne he 155-156 g, ʻo ka wahine he 110-112 g;
- Iole Kinabuli (Rattus baluensis) - kahi ʻano kū hoʻokahi i symbiotic me ka predator kanu mea kanu ʻo Nepentes Raja. ʻO ka mea iʻa karnivorous nui o ka flora e huki i nā rodents ma o ka hūnā ʻana i nā huna momona, a hāʻawi nā ʻiole i kēia mea kanu me kā lākou excrement;
- ʻIole Tureke (Rattus pyctoris) kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o ʻApelika, Nepal, Kina, ʻInia, Pakistan a me ʻIrana, Uzbekistan a me Kyrgyzstan. ʻOkoʻa ka lōʻihi o ke kanaka makua ma waena o 17-23 knm, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 16.5-21.5 knm. He ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ka ʻāpana dorsal, a uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū me ka hulu keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo;
- Iole ʻāhinahina (Rattus argitiventer) kahi ʻano laha mau, e hōʻike ana i ka ʻahu ʻenaʻena-brown me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele. Hinahina ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, ʻoluʻolu nā ʻaoʻao i ke kala, a ʻeleʻele ka huelo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahiʻiole makua he 30-40 cm, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 14-20 cm a me ke kaupaona o 97-219 g;
- Huelo fluffy huelo, a i ʻole Iole huelo ʻeleʻele (Conilurus penicillatus) kahi rodent liʻiliʻi me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 15-22 cm a me ke kaumaha o 180-190 g. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o ke kino, a hiki i 21-23 cm. Aia kekahi pūʻulu lauoho ma ka hope o ka huelo. ʻO ke kala o ke kua e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā hina hina hina hina i hoʻopili ʻia me nā lauoho ʻeleʻele. Keʻokeʻo iki ka ʻōpū a me nā wāwae hope. ʻAʻole mānoanoa ka pale a ʻoʻoleʻa ka paʻakikī;
- Iole lauoho palupalu (Millardia meltada) he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia no Nepal, India a me Sri Lanka, Bangladesh a me Pakistan Hikina. Lōʻihi ke kino o ka ʻiole makua ma waena o 80-200 mm, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo o 68-185 mm. He palupalu a silky ke kapa o ke koʻokoʻo, oho ʻāhinahina i ke kua, keʻokeʻo ma ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka huelo luna he hina hina i ke kala.
- Iole i mālama ʻia (Rattus adustus) - hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano lunamakaʻāinana a me nā ʻokoʻa i loaʻa ma mua o 70 mau makahiki i hala. Wahi a kekahi mau kumuwaiwai, ua ʻaiʻē kēia koʻokoʻo i kona inoa i ke kala kumu o ka ʻahu.
Hoihoi ia! Kūkākūkā nāʻiole me kekahi i kekahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ultrasound, a ʻo ka puʻuwai o kēlā me kēia koʻokoʻo i nā pinepine o 300-500 mau kani i kēlā me kēia minuke.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO nā iole, nā lunamakaʻāinana ākea o ka ʻohana Mouse, ua hōʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāhui ma mua o nā kānaka. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka lāhui he nui o Rat i noho kokoke i nā wahi āpau. Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻokoʻa ma ka panalāʻau o ʻEulopa, noho i nā ʻāina o ʻAsia, Hema a me ʻAmelika Hema, noho ma Oceania a me Australia, ma Nūkini Hou a ma nā mokupuni o ka Archipelago Malay.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike nui ʻia i ua mau koʻokoʻo lā i ka lehulehu i nā wahi o ka circumpolar a me ka polar. Ma ka panalāʻau o Lūkia waena, loaʻa ʻelua mau lāole iole: hina a ʻeleʻele. Inā pono, i loko o kahi lā, hiki i kahi ʻiole makua ke lanakila i kahi mamao loa, a hiki i kanalima mau kilomita.
Hiki i ka ʻiole ke hoʻololi i kahi paʻakikī loa, ʻaneʻane aneane hiki ʻole ke noho ʻia, no laila hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā keʻena ʻepekema haʻalele ʻia ma Antarctica.
ʻAiʻai rat
Pili nāʻiole i ka mahele o nā rodents omnivorous, akā pili pono ka papaʻai o kēlā me kēia ʻano i nā ʻano o ka nohona, a me ka nohona. ʻO kēlā me kēiaʻiole, ma ka awelika, ʻai i ka laka o 20-25 g o ka hānai i kēlā me kēia lā, akā paʻakikī ka pōloli i nā koʻokoʻo, no laila, ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā o ka ʻōloli pōloli, make ka holoholona, ma ke ʻano he kūlana. ʻO ka nele o ka wai e hoʻopili i nā rodents ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ʻo ka nui o ka wai e like me 25-35 ml i kēlā me kēia lā.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻiole hina i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai me ka nui o nā protein; no laila, pono kēlā meʻa i nā meaʻai o nā holoholona. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole mālama nāʻiole hina i ka meaʻai. ʻO ka papaʻai o nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele i kēlā me kēia lā e hōʻike ʻia e nā meaʻai mea kanu:
- nā nati;
- chestnuts;
- palaʻai;
- nā huaʻai like ʻole;
- kanu mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka nohona kanaka, hiki i nā rodents ke hānai i nā meaʻai i loaʻa. ʻO nā ʻiole e noho mamao loa ana mai nā kānaka e hānai i nā rodents, molluscs a me nā amphibians, e like me nā rana, toads, a me nā newts, a ʻai pū hoʻi i nā hua manu a i ʻole nā moa. ʻAi ka poʻe noho o nā kahakai i ka ʻōpala, nā ʻelele o nā wai wai a me nā pua i hoʻolei ʻia i uka.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai ʻo kahi ʻiole pōloli loa ʻaʻole ʻai loa. ʻO kēlā me kēia meʻa he ʻano hoʻomohala hoʻomohala maikaʻi.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO nāʻiole o kēlā me kēia ʻano ke hoʻohua i ka hana a maʻalahi hoʻi. Hiki koke kēia mau koʻokoʻo i ka makahiki ʻōpio, a hatch i kā lākou keiki no kahi manawa pōkole. I loko o kahi wahine makua, hele a estrus i kēlā me kēia mau lā ʻelima ma loko o ka makahiki, koe wale nō ka pae hānau.
Hiki i kēlā me kēia wahine makua ke hānau keiki he ʻoi aku i ʻehā mau kakini i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka manawa hāpai i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha ʻo Rodents a me ka ʻohana Mouse i mau ma waena o 21-23 mau lā. I ka makahiki hoʻokahi a me ka hapa, hoʻokokoke maoli nā wahine i ke kahua o ka menopause, no laila lilo ka pōʻaiapule i mea maʻamau, a laila oki loa.
Ma mua koke o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka ka makuahine e kali ana e hoʻomākaukau i ka pūnana no kāna keiki. Hoʻopili ʻia ka wahi i koho ʻia me ka mauʻu mauʻu. ʻEli pinepine ʻia kahi lua hou, kahi a ka wahine e hoʻomaikaʻi nei me ka mālama kūikawā. Aia kekahi mau hihia ke loaʻa i kahi pūnana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā meaʻai e hiki ke hoʻolako i ka meaʻai no ka wahine no kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano laha o ke koʻokoʻo, ʻo ka nui o nā keiki i hānau ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻōpala e loli paha mai ʻewalu a ʻumikūmālima mau kānaka. Hānau ʻole ʻia nā ʻiole pēpē a ʻōlohelohe hoʻi, me nā canal auditory paʻa loa a me kahi ʻōnaehana thermoregulation i hana ʻole ʻia.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā pēpē ʻiole hānau hou ke hemo kūʻokoʻa i ka lawe ʻana i nā meaʻai i hoʻoponopono ʻia mai ko lākou kino, no laila pono ka wahine e palu pinepine i kā lākou ʻōpū me lākou. Hoʻonohonoho pono kēia hana i ka nui o nā kaʻina hana metabolic. ʻAi nā Cubs i ka waiū, ʻo ka momona o ka momona i hiki i 9%. Hōʻike ʻia ka Cannibalism ma waena o nāʻiole, no laila e ʻai mau ka makuahine i nā pēpē make a ʻole ʻole hiki ʻole ke loli, a luku pinepine nā makua kāne mālama ʻole i nā keiki āpau.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i nā ʻiole kūloko (Rattus norvegicus) ke hui pū me nā ʻiole ʻeleʻele (Rattus rattus), akā ʻaʻole ola ke keiki, a pinepine nā hihia o ka hōʻole loa ʻana i nā embryos e ka mea hānau makuahine a i ʻole ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki make.
I kahi manawa pōkole, uhi ʻia nā kino o nā ʻīlio me ka huluhulu, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hāmama nā maka a me nā pepeiao o nā keiki. Hōʻike nā incisors mua loa i nā pēpē a puni ka lā ʻeiwa. Hiki i nā keiki keiki he ʻekolu pule ke neʻe a mākaʻikaʻi i ka ʻāina ma o lākou lā iho. Mākaukau mua nā ʻīlio ʻiole mahina no ke ola kūʻokoʻa, akā i ka makahiki he ʻumikūmālua mau makahiki ke loaʻa ka nui o kahi kanaka makua piha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā ʻiole nā ʻīlio a me nā ʻīlio hihiu a me nā pōpoki, nā pōkā, nā ʻalopeke, nā puaʻa, nā hedgehogs, a me nā ʻano manu like ʻole, e like me ka pueo, ka pueo, ka ʻaeto, ka ʻio, ka lupe a me nā manu ʻaihue nui ʻē aʻe. I kekahi mau ʻāina, ʻai ʻia ka ʻiole.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I loko o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele a ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka nui o ka ʻiole ʻeleʻele e pani ʻia e ka Pasyuk hua nui a paʻakikī hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻiole hihiu i ka nui o nā kānaka, no ka mea, aia kekahi mau mea nui a me ka maikaʻi e mālama pono i ka poʻe rodent i lalo o ka kaohi paʻa.
E nā luna nānā iole, ʻo ka huina nui o ia mau holoholona e hōʻemi nui ʻia e ka nele o ka meaʻai a me kahi hoʻomaha. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, kaohi ʻia ka pae heluna e nā maʻi a me kekahi mau mea ʻaihue.
ʻAʻole makaʻu ka hapanui o nā ʻano iole i kēia manawa. ʻO ka mahele o nā ʻano laha a pale ʻia e komo pū me ka iole wai wahaheʻe (Xeromys myoides Thomas). ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu o kēia ʻano laha a maikaʻi ʻole i aʻo ʻia e hilinaʻi ʻia paha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōiwi rodent nui e nā kānaka.
No ka mahele o nā lāhui ʻaneʻane pau ka ʻiole kūkulu hale. ʻO kēia ʻano laha e noho ana i kahi wahi kau palena ʻia e hōʻike ʻia e ka nui o ʻelua tausani mau kānaka e noho ana ma ka Mokupuni ʻo Franklin. Manaʻo ʻia he hiki i ka wao nahele a me nā ahi ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka iole o ka iole, kahi i loaʻa ai kona inoa ʻano ʻokoʻa mai ka iole musk iole.
Pōʻino i nā kānaka
Ke hoʻomaka nei ke kaua a ke kanaka me nā rodents no kekahi manawa lōʻihi loa, a ʻo ia hakakā ʻana i hiki ke loaʻa kahi inoa kūikawā - deratization. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka hikina, he hōʻailona nāʻiole i ka naʻauao a me ka waiwai, ka momona a me ka pōmaikaʻi, no laila ke kiʻi maikaʻi o nā rodents i loko o ia mau ʻāina. Ma nā panalāʻau komohana, mālama ʻia ia ʻano lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Mouse me ka hoʻowahāwahā a me kekahi akahele. E hana i kahi kiʻi maikaʻi ʻole, ua lawa ia no ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo i kekahi mau maʻi ahulau e pili ana me ka mea lawe i ka pathogen - he ʻiole.
Hoihoi ia!Hoʻokumu nā ʻano ʻiole Synanthropic i mea hōʻino waiwai nui. ʻO nā pohō nui ka hopena o ka ʻai ʻana a me ka hōʻino ʻana i nā meaʻai a me nā huahana ʻai ʻole, hōʻino ʻia i nā pūnaewele uila, kahi e kumu ai nā ahi he nui.
Eia kekahi, ʻo kekahi ʻano ʻiole ke kumu o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā hana mahiʻai. ʻAi pinepine nā rodents i nā mea kanu. A ʻo kahi hopena, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano hana like ʻole o ka paio i kēia manawa a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomohala ʻia, e like me ka makaʻu a me ka luku. ʻO ka iole i kēia manawa kekahi o nā waihona kūlohelohe weliweli o nā maʻi antropozoonotic a me zoonotic.
Lawe nā rodents i nā ʻākena causative o tularemia, ahulau, rabies, toxoplasmosis, typhus, leptospirosis, a me nā rickettsioses, sodoku a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe he weliweli i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona lū. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia no ka poʻe, hiki i nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana Mouse ke komo i loko o nā kihi huna loa o ka noho ʻana o ke kanaka, me ka hoʻohana ʻana no kēia kumu hoʻoneʻe wai a me nā puka ea.
ʻAe ʻae ʻia he hiki ʻole ke luku i nā rodent, me nā ʻiole, hoʻokahi haneli pākēneka.... Ma kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia i hala aku nei, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā pae hoʻohālikelike nui no ka deratization, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka pākēneka maikaʻi i ʻae ʻia o nā wahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia mai nā koʻokoʻo mai.
- 80% - hopena hopena maikaʻi;
- 90% - maikaʻi ka hopena;
- 95% - maikaʻi loa ka hopena.
No laila, ʻo ka pahuhopu nui o ka deratization ka mea e hoʻokumu a mālama i nā hōʻailona maikaʻi o ka pae ʻae ʻia o ka helu o nā rodents, kahi e loaʻa ʻole ai nā hoʻopiʻi mai ka poʻe.
