ʻO ka pale, a i ʻole ia, i loko o nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka coot kahi moa wai, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me, no ka laʻana, ka moorhen a i ʻole ka palaoa ʻoka, na ka ʻohana kahu hipa. ʻO kēia manu liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kūwaho: kahi keʻokeʻo a i ʻole kala ʻāpana poʻo i ke poʻo i wehe ʻia e ka plumage, ma ke ʻano he rula, e hui pū me ka nuku o ke kala like. Ma muli ona i kapa ai ka inoa o ka pale.
Hōʻike o ka coot
E like me nā kahu hipa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka coot kahi manu liʻiliʻi loa mai ke ʻano o nā manu ʻū, e noho kokoke ana i nā muliwai a me nā loko... Ma waena o kona mau hoahānau, me ka hoʻohui i nā moors, chasers, corncrake a me nā kahu hipa, aia kekahi mau takahe malihini e noho ana ma Nūhōlani a ua manaʻo ʻia he make a hiki i kēia manawa. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, he ʻumikūmākahi mau ʻano coots i ka honua, a he ʻewalu o lākou e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema.
Helehelena
ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻano coots e ʻike ʻia e nā ʻōmole ʻeleʻele, a me kahi pālule ʻili ma ka lae, a, ʻokoʻa ka ʻāpana o ʻEulopa, ʻaʻole keʻokeʻo kēia kiko i ko lākou mau ʻohana ʻē: ʻo kahi laʻana, hiki ke ʻulaʻula a melemele hoʻi, e like me ka ʻulaʻula a ʻahuʻula keʻokeʻo, ʻōiwi no ʻAmelika Hema. Ma ke ʻano he liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi paha lākou āpau - 35-40 cm. Eia nō naʻe, i waena o nā coots aia kekahi mau manu nui loa, e like me nā koʻi nunui a me nā pepeiaohao, nona ka lōʻihi o ke kino i ʻoi aku i 60 cm.
Hoihoi ia! He hana kupaianaha loa nā wāwae o nā coots: ikaika loa lākou a ikaika hoʻi, eia kekahi, lako lākou me nā pahi ʻauʻau kūikawā e waiho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao o nā manamana wāwae, i ʻae ai kēia mau manu e neʻe maʻalahi i ka wai a me ka lepo kahakai viscous.
I nā ʻelele āpau o kēia genus, loaʻa i nā wāwae a me nā pelvis kahi hanana kūikawā e ʻae ai i nā coots e ʻauʻau a luʻu maikaʻi, kahi e hoʻokaʻawale ai iā lākou mai nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana kahu hipa.
ʻO ka undertail i ka hapanui o nā ʻano he keʻokeʻo, a palupalu ka plumage. ʻAʻole manamana ʻia nā manamana lima o nā coots, ʻokoʻa i nā moa wai ʻē aʻe, e nā membrane. Akā, lako lākou me nā pahi wili e hamama i ka wai ke ʻauʻau lākou. Eia kekahi, he kala nani nā wāwae o nā coots: ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa o kā lākou kala mai ka melemele a i ka ʻalani ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele nā manamana wāwae, a ʻoluʻolu loa nā lobes, keʻokeʻo pinepine.
ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu o nā pale, ʻoiai ka hapanui o kēia mau manu lele lele nui a makemake e alakaʻi i kahi nohona noho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai, kekahi o ko lākou ʻano e noho nei i ka hemisphere ʻākau he neʻe a hiki ke uhi i kahi mamao loa i ka lele.
ʻO kahi wale nō o ka ʻumikūmākahi mau ʻano o kēia mau manu e noho nei ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia: ka lole komo maʻamau, ʻo ka hiʻohiʻona nui o waho he ʻeleʻele a hina hina a me kahi kiko keʻokeʻo ma ke poʻo, e hui pū ana me ka nuku o ke kala like. ʻO ka nui o kahi kapa komo maʻamau me ka awelika o ka pato, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku kona lōʻihi ma mua o 38 knm, a ʻo kona kaumaha he 1 kilokilo, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona e kau ana i 1.5 kilokilo.
ʻO ke kino, e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i kēia ʻano... Hinahina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ka plumage me ka hinahina hina hina ma ke kua. Ma ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū, loaʻa kona ʻano hina hina. ʻUlaʻula ʻulaʻula ka maka o ka maka. Lena melemele a ʻalani paha nā wāwae me ka metatarsal hina hina a me nā manamana wāwae lōʻihi a ikaika hoʻi. Keʻokeʻo nā pahi ʻauʻau, e kūlike ana i ke kala o ka wahi kiko ʻole ma ke poʻo a me ka nuku.
Hōʻike palupalu ʻia ka moekolohe dimorphism: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, he ʻeleʻele lākou o ka plumage, a he kaha keʻokeʻo iki ma ka lae. He brownish tint ko nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ua hina nā pōpō o ko lākou ʻōpū a me ka puʻu.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka diurnal ka nui o nā pale. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nā mahina puna, ke neʻe kēia mau manu, i kēlā manawa makemake lākou e lele i ka pō. Hoʻolālā lākou i ko lākou ola holoʻokoʻa ma ka wai: ma nā kahawai a i ʻole nā loko. ʻAʻole like me nā manu ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana kahu hipa, ʻauʻau maikaʻi nā pale. Akā ma ka ʻāina ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka wai.
Ke makaʻu ia, makemake ka ʻahu e luʻu i loko o ka wai a hūnā paha i nā mānoanoa ma mua o ka piʻi ʻana i ka ʻeheu a lele aku: hoʻāʻo pinepine ʻo ia ʻaʻole e lele lele pono ʻole. Kai hohonu - a i ʻehā mau mika, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻauʻau ma lalo o ka wai, a no laila ʻaʻole e ʻimi holoholona ma laila. Lele me ka makemake ʻole a paʻakikī hoʻi, akā wikiwiki nō naʻe. Eia kekahi, i mea e hemo ai, pono ia e hoʻonui i ka wai, e holo ana ma kahi o ʻewalu mau mika ma luna o kona ʻili.
He maʻalahi loa nā coots āpau a ʻae i kā lākou poʻe alualu e hoʻokokoke loa iā lākou iho, no kahi o nā ʻano o kēia mau manu i noho ma nā wahi tropics i uku mua ʻia me kona ola no ka naivety a hoʻopau loa ʻia e ka poʻe ʻimi. ʻO nā ʻano o ke kapa komo e like me ka nui o ka gullibility a me ka naivety e lilo i mea maʻalahi no nā mea ʻaihue, a me nā poʻe e ʻimi ʻimi. Akā, i ka manawa like, hāʻawi lākou i nā ʻepekema a me nā mea aloha kūlohelohe wale e nānā i kēia mau manu i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe a hana i nā kiʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kahi i hopu ʻia ai lākou.
I ke kauwela, i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, makemake nā coots e lele hoʻokahi i nā pō a i ʻole i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Akā i nā wahi o ko lākou hoʻoilo, ʻākoakoa kēia mau manu i nā pūʻulu nui he ʻumi, a i kekahi manawa he mau haneli mau tausani kānaka.
Hoihoi ia! He ʻōnaehana neʻe paʻakikī kā ka poʻe neʻe i ka Migratory, kahi e neʻe pinepine ai nā manu mai kahi lehulehu i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, lele kekahi o lākou i ka hoʻoilo mai ʻEulopa Hikina a i ʻEulopa Komohana, ʻoiai kahi ʻāpana o nā coots mai ka heluna like e neʻe i ʻApelika a i ka Hikina Waena paha.
Ehia mau koʻa e ola nei
Ma muli o ka ʻike ʻia o kēia mau manu e ka maʻalahi hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia, a ʻo ka mea ʻē, he nui nā ʻenemi i ko lākou wahi maoli, ʻaʻole ola ka hapa nui o lākou. Eia nō naʻe, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke make mai kahi pū o ka mea hahai holoholona a i ʻole nā māiʻuʻu o kahi mea ʻino, hiki iā lākou ke noho lōʻihi loa. No laila, ʻo ka makahiki o ka makahiki kahiko o nā coots i hopu ʻia a kani ʻia he ʻumikūmāwalu paha makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Maʻamau nā pale a aneane ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.... Aia ka nohona i ka hapa nui o Eurasia, ka ʻĀkau o ʻApelika, Australia, New Zealand a me Papua New Guinea. A ʻo kēia, ʻaʻole e haʻi hou aku i nā ʻano koʻa ʻewalu i koho iā ʻAmelika e like me ko lākou wahi noho. ʻAʻole wehewehe iki ka lōʻihi o kā lākou laulaha e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa kēia mau manu i kā lākou aloha i nā huakaʻi lōʻihi, a, i ka hui ʻana me kahi mokupuni i ke kai i ka wā o kā lākou huakaʻi, ʻaʻole lele pinepine lākou i kahi ʻē aʻe, akā noho mau ma laila a mau loa.
I ka manawa like, inā ʻoluʻolu nā kūlana ma kahi hou, a laila ʻaʻole e hoʻāʻo nā coots e hoʻi i ko lākou wahi noho kahiko, akā, ke koena nei ma ka mokupuni, e hoʻomaka lākou e hana nui a hoʻololi i ka manawa i mea e hiki ai ma hope, i kahi mamao a kokoke paha. ka heluna kanaka i lilo i kumu no kahi lāhui hou, hopena o kēia mau manu.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, a laila holo ka palena ʻākau o ka laulā o ka coot ma ka latitu 57 ° -58 °, a ma ka ʻākau hikina o Siberia hiki aku i ka latitu ʻākau 64 °. ʻO ke kumu, noho kēia mau manu i nā kino wai o ka ululāʻau a me nā ʻāpana steppe. ʻO kekahi o ko lākou wahi noho maʻamau ka moanawai a me nā estuaries i ulu nui ʻia me ka mauʻu a me nā ʻohe, a me nā kahawai kahawai o nā kahawai pālahalaha me kahi kahe mālie.
ʻAiʻai Coot
ʻO ke kumu, hānai nā coots maʻamau i nā meaʻai mea kanu, ʻo ka mahele o nā "huahana" holoholona i kā lākou papaʻai ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 10%. ʻAi hauʻoli lākou i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā mea kanu wai, a me kā lākou ʻanoʻano. Ma waena o kā lākou mau meaʻono punahele ka pondweed, duckweed, hornwort, pinnate a me nā ʻano limu like ʻole. ʻAʻohe makemake iki ʻo Coots e ʻai i ka meaʻai holoholona - nā kolo, mollusc, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻai, a me nā hua manu o nā manu ʻē aʻe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā kapa, ʻoiai ka mea ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui i nā swans, lawe pinepine i nā meaʻai mai iā lākou a mai nā ʻāhiu ʻāhiu e noho ana i nā waihona like me lākou.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
He manu monogamous ka coot a, i ka hiki ʻana i ka wā ʻōpio, nānā ia i wahine mau. He loli ka manawa hānau no nā manu noho a hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia e nā mea e like me ka hānai ʻana a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻilikai. I nā neʻe neʻe ʻana, ma hope o ko lākou hoʻi ʻana i kā lākou mau pūnaewele pūnana, hoʻomaka koke ke kau moʻo. I kēia manawa, hana walaʻau nā manu me ka walaʻau a me ka ʻeleu loa, a inā kū mai kahi mea hoʻokūkū ma kahi kokoke, hele a huhū ke kāne, lele wikiwiki ʻo ia i kahi kapa kāne ʻē aʻe a hoʻomaka paha i ka hakakā me ia.
Hoihoi ia! I ka wā o nā pāʻani moʻo ʻana, hoʻonohonoho nā pālule i kahi ʻano hulahula ma ka wai: ke kāne a me ka wahine, e walaʻau ana, ʻauʻau kekahi i kekahi, a ma hope o ia mea, kokoke lākou, hoʻopuehu lākou i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa a ʻau aku hoʻi ma kahi ʻaoʻao a ʻēheu a ʻēheu.
Hoʻonohonoho pinepine nā pale e noho ana ma ka ʻāina o ko mākou ʻāina i ko lākou mau pūnana ma ka wai, i nā nāhelehele ʻohe a ʻohe. ʻO kēia pūnana ponoʻī, kūkulu ʻia o nā lau a me ka mauʻu o ka makahiki i hala, ma waho e like me ka puʻu maloʻo o ka mauʻu pala a me nā lālā, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia e kāna kumu i lalo o ka waihona wai, akā hiki nō ke noho ma luna o ka wai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hihia ʻelua, hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu i waenakonu o kahi i loaʻa ai.
ʻOiai e hoʻouluulu nei i nā hua, hiki i nā coots ke lilo i mea hakakā a kiaʻi pono i kā lākou waiwai mai nā manu ʻē aʻe, me nā ʻelele o ka ʻano like. Akā ke kū mai kahi malihini, a he mea weliweli ia no nā coots iā lākou iho a i ʻole no kā lākou keiki, hui pū kekahi mau manu i mea e repulse pū ai i ka mea hana hewa i ko lākou maluhia. I ka manawa like, hiki i ʻewalu mau coots e pūnana ana i nā wahi kokoke ke komo i ka hakakā me ia.
I hoʻokahi kau, kau ka wahine a ʻekolu mau paʻa, a inā i ka mua o lākou ka nui o nā hua māmā, nā hua one-hina me nā kiko ʻulaʻula i hiki i nā ʻāpana he 16, a laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā paʻa hope. Hoʻokū ka Incubation no 22 mau lā, a komo pū ka wahine a me nā kāne i loko.
Hānau ʻeleʻele nā coots, me nā nuku o ke kala ʻulaʻula a me ka malu like i hoʻopili ʻia me ka fluff ma ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Ma hope o hoʻokahi lā, haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana a hahai i ko lākou mau mākua. Akā ma muli o ka hiki ʻole i nā moa ke mālama iā lākou iho i nā hebedoma 1.5-2 mua o ke ola, loaʻa i nā coots mākua i kēia manawa nā meaʻai no kā lākou keiki, a aʻo pū iā lākou i nā mākau e pono ai ke ola, pale iā lākou mai nā mea hōkai a hoʻomehana iā lākou. i nā pō ke anuanu kēia.
Ma hope o 9-11 mau pule, hiki i nā manu ʻōpio ke lele a loaʻa ka meaʻai, a no laila ua hiki ke mālama iā lākou iho. I kēia makahiki, hoʻomaka lākou e huddle i nā hipa, a i kēia hoʻonohonoho neʻe i ka hema i ka hāʻule. Hiki i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka moekolohe i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. No nā manu makua, i kēia manawa hoʻomaka lākou i kahi molt post-Nesting, kahi ʻaʻole hiki i nā coots ke lele a no laila peʻe i loko o nā mānoanoa.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ʻohana Tropical o ka coot maʻamau - pilikua a me ka pepeiaohao, kūkulu i nā pūnana o nā nui nunui maoli. Hoʻonohonoho ka mea mua i nā lana ʻohe lana ma luna o ka wai, a hiki i ʻehā mau mika i ke anawaena a me 60 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. Kūkulu ke kapa komo pepeiaohao i kāna pūnana ma luna o kahi puʻu pōhaku, a ʻo ia iho e ʻolokaʻa me kona nuku i ka pūnana, ʻoiai ke kaumaha o nā pōhaku i hoʻohana ʻia e ia i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana hiki i 1.5 ton.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka nahelehele, ʻo ka ʻenemi o nā coots: marsh harrier, nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka aeto, peregrine falcon, herring gull, nā manu koraka - ʻeleʻele a hina hina, a me nā mopies. Ma waena o nā mea mammal, weliweli nā otters a me nā minks i nā coots. ʻO nā boars, nā ʻalopeke a me nā manu nui o nā pio e luku pinepine i nā pūnana o nā coots, kahi e hoʻēmi iki ai i ka helu o kēia mau mea hana nui loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma muli o kā lākou momona, nā coots, a i ʻole ka hapa nui o kā lākou laha, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he manu manuahi a ʻaʻole pono i nā hana kūikawā e pale aku ai iā lākou.... ʻO ke koena ʻē aʻe wale nō paha ka ʻahuʻula Hawaiʻi, kahi ʻano nāwaliwali a i kēia manawa ua hala ka lole Mascarene, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 18 i noho maikaʻi loa ma nā mokupuni o Mauritius a me Reunion a hiki i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana e nā poʻe ʻimi ʻimi.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia XXI, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke kūlana mālama o nā ʻano coots like ʻole:
- ʻO ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi: ʻAmelika, Andean, ʻēheu keʻokeʻo, pilikua, pālena melemele, ʻulaʻula i mua, a me nā coots maʻamau.
- Pani i ke kūlana nāwaliwali: ʻĀkau Komohana a me nā pale poki.
- Nā lāhui nāwaliwali: ʻAhuʻula Hawaiʻi.
ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli nui i ke ola ʻana o nā coots i pani ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue i hoʻolauna ʻia a i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ko lākou wahi noho maoli, a me nā hana a ke kanaka, ʻo ka ninini ʻana i nā māla a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ulu ʻohe. ʻO nā hunts, i waena o lākou ka ʻiʻo o nā coots i manaʻo ʻia he mea ʻono, kōkua pū kekahi i ka emi ʻana o ka lehulehu o kēia mau manu.
No nā ʻĀpana Komohana a me nā kapa komo pepeiaohao, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole palupalu lākou no ka mea ua hoʻokau ʻia lākou i ka luku ʻia ʻana a i ʻole nā kahawai a me nā loko i noho ai lākou e hoʻokahe ʻia, akā no ka mea ʻo kahi noho o kēia mau manu haiki. A, inā ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli i kēia ʻano i kēia manawa, hiki ke loli ke kūlana i kēlā me kēia manawa. ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki paha kēia ma muli o kekahi pōʻino kūlohelohe i hoʻololi i ko lākou wahi maoli.
ʻO nā Coots nā manu i hiki ke hoʻopuni kokoke i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me ka ʻokoʻa o nā wahi puni a me nā polar. Maliʻa paha ʻaʻohe ʻĀinapuniʻole kahi hiki ʻole ke hui aku i kēia mau mea ola ʻē e noho ana ma nā kahawai a me nā loko. ʻO lākou āpau, ma kahi o ka mea maʻamau no kēia ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a keʻokeʻo paha i ke poʻo a me nā pahi ma nā manamana lima, ua hui pū ʻia e nā hiʻohiʻona e like me ka makemake ʻole e lele pono ʻole a hoʻohilahila hoʻi i nā manu.
Mahalo i kēia mau ʻano ʻelua e ola a ulu pono nei ka hapanui o nā ʻano coots. A ʻo nā mea kakaikahi loa o lākou, nā coots Hawaii, he manawa kūpono loa ke ola ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāhui ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona.
