Mussel - poʻe invertebrates o nā waihona wai mai ka ʻohana o mivalus bivalve. Noho lākou i ka honua holoʻokoʻa i nā wai wai paʻakai + brackish + wai paʻakai. Noho nā holoholona i nā wahi kai me ka wai anuanu a me nā kahe wikiwiki. Hōʻiliʻili nui nā mussels ma kahi kokoke i nā kahakai - kahi ʻano pēke mussel e hana i kahi kānana ikaika o ka wai.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Puʻupuʻu
ʻO Mussel kahi inoa laulā e pili ana i nā lālā o ka ʻohana wai wai wai wai a me ka wai paʻakai. Loaʻa i nā lālā o kēia mau pūʻulu kahi pūpū maʻamau me kahi outline elongated, kahi asymmetrical i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā mollusc e ʻai ʻia, ʻo ka iwi o waho e ʻoi aku ka poepoe a i ʻole oval i ke ʻano.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "mussel" ponoʻī e hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i nā mollusks o ka ʻohana Mytilidae, ka hapa nui e noho ana ma kahakai ākea o ke kahakai o nā kino wai. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou me nā filament bissalk ikaika i kahi substrate paʻakikī. Hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka genus Bathymodiolus me nā puka hydrothermal kolone e pili ana i nā kualono moana.
Video: Mussels
I ka hapanui o nā kūmole, ʻikiʻihi nā pūpū akā lōʻihi a loaʻa kahi ʻano asymmetrical, ʻano wedge. ʻO nā kala o waho o nā pūpū i nā pale pouli: uliuli pinepine lākou, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi, a ʻo ka uhi o loko he silvery a me kekahi mau momi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka inoa ʻo "mussel" no nā mollusc bivalve wai hou, e like me ka ʻumeke momi hou. No nā ʻāpana wai iʻa i nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā molluscs bivalve, ʻoiai aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻano superficial.
ʻAʻole pili nā mākeke wai hou o ka ʻohana Dreissenidae i nā hui i koho mua ʻia, ʻoiai inā like lākou me ko lākou ʻano. Noho ka nui o nā ʻano Mytilus i nā pōhaku e hoʻohana ana i byssus. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he Heterodonta, kahi hui ʻauhau e komo pū ana ka hapanui o nā ʻano mussel bivalve i kapa ʻia ʻo "molluscs".
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mussel
He ʻoluʻolu, ʻaʻohe kaulike o waho o ka mussel, he poni, ʻulaʻula, a ʻeleʻele eleele, me nā laina ulu concentric ʻO ka loko o ka hihia he keʻokeʻo momi. ʻO ka ʻāpana o nā kiwikā he keʻokeʻo-melemele: ʻo ka ʻili o ka mea hope hope i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka mea hoʻohui o mua. Hoʻonui ʻia nā filament brown Fibrous mai ka pūpū paʻa e hoʻopili i ka ʻili.
ʻO nā pūpū mākua ma kahi o 5-10 knm ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi oval oval kūlike a me nā valves ʻākau a hema hoʻi, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kahi ligament muscular muscular.
Aia nā pūpū i nā papa 3:
- luna i hana ʻia i nā mea ʻokanika;
- papa mānoanoa lime mānoanoa;
- i loko o keʻokeʻo kālā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
Loaʻa i ka Mussels kahi sphincter i loko o ka ʻāpana palupalu o ka pūpū a me nā mea ʻē aʻe (ka puʻuwai, ʻōpū, nā ʻōpū, nā puʻupaʻa). Me ke kōkua o kahi sphincter, hiki i ka mussel ke hoʻopaʻa paʻa i nā pūpū inā pilikia a maloʻo paha. E like me ka nui o nā molluscs bivalve, he aʻa lākou i kapa ʻia he wāwae. I nā kūmole wai hou, muscular ka wāwae, nui me ka gland byssal a ma ke ʻano o ke koʻi lipi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ke kino haole, aia ma waena o ke kāʻei a me ka ʻahu, ua uhi ʻia i nā ʻaoʻao āpau me ka momi-o-momi, a pēlā e hana ai i kahi momi.
ʻO ke gland, me ke kōkua o ka hua manu keʻokeʻo i loko o ka mākeke, a me ka hao i kānana ʻia mai ke kai, hoʻopuka i nā filament byssus i hiki ai i ka ʻupena ke hoʻopili i nā papa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka wāwae e huki i ka holoholona ma o ka substrate (one, ʻiliʻili, a i ʻole silt). ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka holomua o ka wāwae ma o ka substrate, hoʻonui i ke ala, a laila huki i ke koena o ka holoholona me ka iwi i mua.
I nā mussel kai, heʻuʻuku ka wāwae a like hoʻi me ke alelo, me kahi kaumaha liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū. Mai kēia lua, hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi huna viscous a sticky, e hāʻule ana i loko o ke ana a paʻakikī hoʻi i ka pili ʻana me ka wai kai. Hana ʻia kēia ʻano ʻano ʻoʻoleʻa, ikaika, wili e hoʻopaʻa i ka mākia i ka mea substrate, me ka neʻe ʻole i nā wahi me ka hoʻonui kahe.
Ma hea e noho ai ka mussel?
Kiʻi: Mussels in Russia
ʻIke ʻia nā pulu i nā wahi kai o ka Moana ʻAkelanika ʻAkau, e like me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa, a me ka ʻākau ʻo Palaearctic. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou mai ke Kai Keʻokeʻo i Lūkia a i ka hema o Palani, ma nā mokupuni ʻo Beritania, ma ka ʻākau o Wales a me Skotlandia komohana. Ma ke komohana ʻAkelanika, noho ʻo M. edulis i nā panalāʻau kai moana hema o Kanada a hiki i North Carolina.
Loaʻa nā mussel kai ma ke kikowaena waena a me lalo ma nā kai mehana o ka honua. ʻIke ʻia kekahi mau kūpili i nā wahi intertidal tropical, ʻaʻole naʻe ma nā helu he nui.
Makemake kekahi ʻano kūmole i nā wahi kai paʻakai a i nā ʻūlū mālie, ʻoiai ʻoluʻolu kekahi i ka heʻe nalu, e uhi ana i nā pōhaku kahakai i holoi ʻia e ka wai. Ua haku kekahi mau mussel i nā hohonu i kokoke i nā puka hydrothermal. ʻAʻole pili ka mussel ʻApelika Hema i nā pōhaku, akā peʻe ma nā kahakai one, e noho ana ma luna o ka ʻili e hoʻopau i ka meaʻai, ka wai a me nā ʻōpala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Noho nā kulu wai hou i nā loko, nā kahawai, nā kahawai a me nā kahawai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ke kāpae ʻole i nā wahi polar. Pono mau lākou i kahi kumu wai anuanu, maʻemaʻe. Koho nā Mussel i ka wai i loaʻa nā minelala. Pono lākou i ka carbonate calcium e kūkulu i kā lākou pūpū.
Hiki i ka mussel ke pale aku i ka hau no kekahi mau mahina. Hoʻokomo maikaʻi nā mussel polū i ka pae mai 5 a 20 ° C, me ka palena paʻa paʻa paʻa o luna e pili ana iā 29 ° C no nā mākua.
ʻAʻole kūleʻa nā mussel polū ma lalo o 15% ka paʻakai o ka wai, akā hiki ke kū i ka hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ko lākou hohonu mai 5 a 10 mau mika. Hana ʻia ʻo M. edulis i nā papa sublittoral a me nā littoral ma nā kahakai pōhaku a paʻa paʻa mau ʻia ma laila.
I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻoe i kahi i loaʻa ai ka mussel. E ʻike kākou i ka mea a kēia mollusk e ʻai ai.
He aha ka ʻai a ka musike?
Kiʻi: mūkū o ke Kai ʻEleʻele
ʻO nā mussel kai a me nā wai hou he mea hānai filter. He lua ko lākou. Kahe ka wai i loko o kahi puka komo kahi e hana ai nā lauoho lash i kahi kahe mau o ka wai. No laila, hoʻopili nā mea ʻai liʻiliʻi (mea kanu a me nā holoholona plankton) i ka papa mucous o nā gills. Hoʻolālā ka maka maka i ka ʻūlū hāmū me nā mea ʻai i loko o ka waha o ka pā a mai laila a i loko o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū, kahi i pau ai ka meaʻai. Hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia nā koena undigested mai ka mākeke me ka wai hanu.
ʻO ka papaʻai nui o nā mussel me nā fitoplankton, dinoflagellates, diatoms liʻiliʻi, zoospores, flagellates a me nā protozoa ʻē aʻe, nā limu unicellular like ʻole a me nā detritus, i kānana ʻia mai ka wai e pili ana. ʻO nā kūpale kahi mea hānai kānana no nā kānana hoʻomaha a ua manaʻo ʻia he poʻe scavenger, e ʻohiʻohi ana i nā mea āpau i ke kolamu wai e liʻiliʻi ana e komo ai.
ʻO ka papaʻai maʻamau o ka mussels:
- plankton;
- detritus;
- kaviara;
- zooplankton;
- limu;
- honuipolo;
- mikrobō.
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā mussel kai ma nā pōhaku i holoi ʻia e ka nalu. Hoʻopili lākou i nā papa pōhaku me kā lākou byssus. Kōkua ka maʻa mau i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kūpeʻe ke hōʻike ʻia i nā nalu ikaika. I ke kai haʻahaʻa, hiki i nā poʻe i waenakonu o ka puʻupuʻu ke emi i ka nalowale o ka wai ma muli o ke kiʻi ʻana o ka wai e nā kūpili ʻē aʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Mīkini kai
ʻO ka mussels kahi ʻano sessile e kau mau ana ma luna o nā substrates. Makemake nā mākeke mākua i kahi leʻaleʻa noho mālie, no laila ua nalowale ko lākou wāwae i ka hana kaʻa. I nā substrates kaawale, ʻokiʻoki nā ʻōpio i ka ʻiole kūpuna, kahi e kau ai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hoʻohana ʻia nā mussels ma ke ʻano he bioindicators no ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni i ka wai kai hou. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia mau pūpū nāhelehele no ka mea ua māhelehele ʻia i ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Hōʻoia ko lākou ʻano e hōʻike lākou i ke kaiapuni kahi i loaʻa ai a kau ʻia ai lākou. ʻO nā hoʻololi i kā lākou hanana, physiology, lawena, a i ʻole nā helu e hōʻike i ke kūlana o ke kaiaolaola.
Hūnā nā glands kūikawā i nā filament protein ikaika a paʻa lākou ma nā pōhaku a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe o nā mussels ʻo ka muliwai e like me kēia meaola. I ka mussel, aia ka waha ma ke kumu o ka wāwae a hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lobes. Pili ka waha i ka esophagus.
Kūpono nui ka mussel i nā pae sediment kiʻekiʻe a kōkua i ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka sediment mai ke kolamu wai. Hāʻawi nā mākeke mākua i kahi e noho ai a me nā holoholona no nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a lawelawe ma ke ʻano he substrate no ka limu e hoʻopili, e hoʻonui ana i nā ʻano kūloko. ʻO ka larva mussel kekahi mea waiwai nui no nā holoholona kanu.
He mau lako kūikawā kā ka Mussels e kōkua ai i ka geolocation a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. Loaʻa i nā Mussels nā chemoreceptors hiki ke ʻike i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā gametes. Kōkua pū kēia mau chemoreceptors i ka mussel ʻōpio e hōʻalo i ka noho iki ʻana ma luna o nā substrates ma kahi o nā mākala makua, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻokūkū no ka meaʻai.
Hiki ke loli ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kēia mau molluscs ma muli o kahi e hoʻopili ai lākou. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma nā wahi kahakai ākea e hoʻoliʻiliʻi loa ai ka poʻe i ka poʻe ʻaihue, ʻo ka nui o nā manu. Hiki i nā mussel ke noho ma nā wahi ākea ke ʻike i nā helu make a hiki i ka 98% o ka makahiki. E ʻeha ana nā pae Larval a me nā ʻōpio i nā helu make kiʻekiʻe loa.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Mussels
Kēlā me kēia kauwela a me ke kauwela, waiho nā wahine i ʻelima a i ka ʻumi miliona mau hua, a nā kāne e hoʻohua. Hoʻoulu ʻia nā hua momona i mau larvae, i hoʻopau ʻia e nā mea ʻino e 99.9% i loko o ʻehā mau pule o ka ulu ʻana i mussel ʻōpio.
Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kēia "koho" aia nō ma kahi o 10,000 mau mussel ʻōpio i koe. Ma kahi o ʻekolu mau mile ka nui o lākou a heʻe pinepine i ke kai no hoʻokahi mau haneli mau mile ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma kahi o ʻelima mau kenimika ma nā kahakai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ke kumu e noho ai nā mussels ma nā kolone nui no ka mea e hoʻomomona paha nā kāne i kā lākou mau hua. Ma hope o ka ʻau manu ʻoluʻolu ʻana o ka larvae ma kahi o ʻehā mau pule ma ke ʻano he plankton, pili lākou i nā pōhaku, nā paila, nā pūpū, nā one paʻakikī, a me nā pūpū ʻē aʻe.
He ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine i ka Mussels. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā kūmole kai ma waho o ke kino. Ke hoʻomaka nei i ka pae larval, heʻe lākou a ʻeono mau mahina ma mua o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā papa paʻakikī. Hiki iā lākou ke neʻe lohi, hoʻopili a wehe i nā kaula byssus e hoʻokō i kahi kūlana ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hana hou nā ʻano wai wai wai i ka moekolohe. Hoʻokuʻu ke kāne i ka sperm i loko o ka wai, i komo i ka wahine ma o ka lua o kēia manawa. Ma hope o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana, hōʻea nā hua i ka pae larval a parasitize iʻa i ka manawa, e paʻa ana i nā lola a i nā ʻūhā. Ma mua o ko lākou puka ʻana, ulu lākou i nā gills o ka wahine, kahi e kahe mau ai ka wai momona me lākou a puni ka oxygen.
Ola wale ka larvae ke loaʻa iā lākou ka mea hoʻokipa kūpono - ka iʻa. Ke hoʻopili koke ka larvae, hana ke kino o ka iʻa i ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā lākou me nā hunaola e hana i kahi cyst, no laila noho lākou i ʻelua a ʻelima mau pule. Ke ulu nei, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou mai ka mea ʻona, e piholo ana i lalo e hoʻomaka i kahi ola kūʻokoʻa.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā kūmole
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka mussel
ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā Mussels i nā concentrations nui, kahi i pale ʻia ai lākou mai ka predation ma muli o kā lākou helu. Hana kā lākou pūpū ma ke ʻano he pale pale, ʻoiai hiki i kekahi ʻano o ka predators ke luku iā ia.
Ma waena o nā mea kūpale kūlohelohe o ka kūkae, aia nā iʻa hōkū ke kali nei e wehe i ka pū kupapaʻu a laila ʻai iā ia. ʻAi nā vertebrates he nui i nā mākeke e like me nā walrus, nā iʻa, nā gull a me nā ʻāpā.
Hiki iā lākou ke hopu ʻia e nā kānaka, ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻai ʻana, no ka hana ʻana nō ia i nā mea momona, lawelawe lākou i maunu no ka lawaiʻa ʻana, nā meaʻai no ka iʻa o ka aquarium a mai kēlā manawa kēia manawa e hoʻopili i nā pebble bank, e like me ke kalana ʻEnelani o Lancashire. Hoʻopilikia ka hoʻoilo nailino i ke kūlana, no ka mea a laila aneane pinepine ka nui o nā mea ʻino o nā kūpeʻe ʻōpio.
ʻO nā mea ʻai holoholona kaulana o nā kūpulu e komo pū me:
- flounder (Pleuronectiformes);
- snipe (Scolopacidae);
- limu (Larus);
- ʻalalā (Corvus);
- poni ʻulaʻula (N. lapillus);
- hōkū kai (A. rubens);
- ʻōmaʻomaʻo kai ʻōmaʻomaʻo (S. droebachiensis).
Ke kali nei kekahi mau mea ʻino no ka wehe ʻana o ka mīkeke i kona mau kiʻikuhi i mea e hanu ai. Hoʻokomo ka predator i ka mushon siphon i loko o ka māwae a wehe i ka pā i hiki ke ʻai ʻia. ʻAi ʻia nā mussels wai hou e nā raccoons, otters, duck, baboons a me nā geese.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Mussels in Russia
Kūleʻa ka mussels i nā wahi kai he nui, no laila ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi puke ʻikepili ʻulaʻula no ka mālama ʻana a loaʻa ʻole kahi kūlana kūikawā. I ka makahiki 2005, ua hopu ʻo Kina i ka 40% o nā kūmole o ka honua. Ma ʻEulopa, ʻo Sepania ke alakaʻi o ka ʻoihana.
Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ke hana nei nā hana mahi mahi ʻulu i nā mahi manu a ulu nui nā mussel polū. ʻO kekahi mau kūpili ka iʻa nui o ka ʻai. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea, i ke ʻano, nā ʻano i loaʻa ma ka Atelanika, Ke Kai ʻĀkau, Baltic a me ke Kaiwaenahonua.
Mai ka ʻumikūmākolu kenekulia hānai ʻia lākou ma Palani ma nā papa lāʻau. Ua ʻike ʻia nā Mussel mai ka noho ʻana o ka Celts. I kēia lā ua ulu lākou ma nā kapakai Holani, Kelemania a me Italia. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻEulopa, ma kahi o 550,000 mau tona o nā kūpala e kūʻai ʻia, ma kahi o 250,000 mau tona o ka laha Mytilus galloprovincesis. ʻO nā kaila ʻo Rhine-style kahi koho kuke maʻamau. I Pelekiuma a me ka ʻākau o Palani, lawelawe pinepine ʻia nā mussels me nā fries Farani.
Mussel i ka loaʻa ʻole o nā kaha hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hiki i nā hihia ke alakaʻi ʻia i ka lāʻau make inā pau nā holoholona i ka plankton ʻino i nā kānaka. Hoʻopilikia pū kekahi poʻe i kā lākou protein, no laila ke hana nei ko lākou kino me nā ʻōuli o ka ʻona i ka ʻai ʻana o ia ʻanoʻano. Pono e mālama ola nā mussel ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, no laila paʻa lākou. Inā waiho hāmama ka wehe, pono e hoʻolei ʻia ka huahana.
Ka lā paʻi: 08/26/2019
Lā hou: 22.08.2019 ma 0:06
