Pili mau ka poʻe i nā pulelehua me kahi mea nani, palekana, a nani hoʻi. Hōʻailona lākou i ke aloha, ka nani a me ka hauʻoli. Eia nō naʻe, i waena o lākou ʻaʻole kekahi mau mea aloha. Pākuʻi ʻia kēia mau mea poʻo poʻo make... I loko o ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni "The Silence of the Lambs," ua hānai ʻo Buffalo maniac Bill i nā mea ʻino a waiho iā lākou i ka waha o nā mea i hōʻino ʻia. He mea mahalo ia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pepe make poʻo
No ka ʻohana o moth hawk ke poʻo make. Hoʻohui ʻia kona inoa Lākana ʻo Acherontia atropos i ʻelua mau inoa e hoʻokomo i ka makaʻu i ka poʻe noho ma Helene Kahiko. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Acheron" ka inoa o ka muliwai o ke kaumaha i ke aupuni o ka poʻe i make, ʻo "Atropos" ka inoa o kekahi akua wahine o nā hope kanaka, nāna i ʻoki ke kaula i ʻike ʻia me ke ola.
ʻO ka inoa Helene kahiko i manaʻo ʻia e wehewehe i nā mea weliweli o ka honua i lalo. ʻO ka inoa Lūkini no ka moth Dead Head (ke poʻo o Adam) e pili ana me kona kala - ma ka umauma aia kahi ʻano melemele e like me ka iwi poʻo. I nā ʻāina he nui o ʻEulopa, lawe ka moʻo hawk i ka inoa e like me ka Lūkini.
Video: Poʻo poʻo make
Ua wehewehe mua ʻia kēia ʻano e Carl Linnaeus i kāna hana "The System of Nature" a kapa ʻia ʻo Sphinx atropos. I 1809, ka entomologist mai Kelemania, ʻo Jacob Heinrich Laspeyres, i wae ʻia ka moth hawk i loko o ka genher Acherontia, kahi i helu ʻia i ko mākou manawa. Pili kēia genus i ke kūlana taxonomic o Acherontiini. Ma waena o ke kūlana, ʻaʻole i hoʻokolokolo piha ʻia ka pilina interspecific.
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano pepeke i ka honua, akā hoʻohanohano wale ʻia kēia mea me ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona he nui, nā kaʻao a me nā hoʻokalakupua. ʻO nā manaʻo kuhi hewa ʻole i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻomāinoino, ka hoʻomaʻau a me ka luku ʻia o nā lāhui, ma ke ʻano he pilikia o ka pilikia.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka mea pena kiʻi ʻo Van Gogh, ka mea i loko o ka haukapila i ka makahiki 1889, ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi pulelehua i loko o ka māla a hōʻike ʻia ia mea i loko o kahi kiʻi pena, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Ke poʻo o ka pulelehua." Akā ua kuhihewa ka mea pena a ma kahi o ke poʻo kaulana o Adam ua pena ʻo ia i ka "Peac Peacock Eye".
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Pepeiao kahu make poʻo
ʻO ko Adamu poʻo poʻo kekahi o nā mea nui loa i waena o nā moth o ʻEulopa. Hōʻike maʻalahi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe a ʻokoʻa iki ka wahine mai nā kāne.
Hiki i kā lākou nui:
- ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā ʻeheu i mua o 45-70 mm;
- ʻo ka ʻēheu o nā kāne he 95-115 mm;
- ʻo ka ʻēheu o nā wahine 90-130 mm;
- ʻo ke kaumaha o nā kāne he 2-6 g;
- ke kaumaha o nā wahine he 3-8 g.
Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻēheu o mua, ʻelua mau lōʻihi ke akea; ke kua - hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua, aia kahi notch liʻiliʻi. I mua, ʻo ka lihi waho ke kaulike, ka hope o nā mea i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lihi. ʻEʻeleʻele ke poʻo a ʻeleʻele paha. Ma ka umauma ʻeleʻele a me ʻeleʻele, aia kekahi ʻano melemele e like me ke poʻo poʻo kanaka me nā kumu ʻeleʻele o nā maka. Ua nalowale loa paha kēia helu.
Melemele ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ka umauma a me ka ʻōpū. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o nā ʻeheu mai ka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i ka melemele ʻokikena. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike i ke kumu o nā pulelehua. Hiki i ka ʻōpū a 60 mau mile ka lōʻihi, a i 20 mau mika i ke anawaena, uhi ʻia me nā unahi. He ikaika ka mānoanoa o ka proboscis, mānoanoa, a hiki i ka 14 millimeter, he cilia kona.
Kūpū ke kino. Poepoe nā maka. Kāʻei paʻa ʻia nā palial labial i ke poʻo, uhi ʻia me nā unahi. He pōkole, hoʻopili liʻiliʻi ʻo Antennae, uhi ʻia me nā lālani ʻelua o cilia. ʻAʻohe cilia ka wahine. Mānoanoa a pōkole hoʻi nā wāwae. ʻEhā lālani o nā spine ma nā wāwae. ʻO nā wāwae hope he ʻelua mau spurs.
No laila ua noʻonoʻo mākou he aha ke ʻano o ka butterfly... I kēia manawa e ʻike ma hea kahi e noho ai ka butterfly poʻo poʻo o ka Make.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pīpaka poʻo make?
Kiʻi: poʻo o Butterfly Adam
Aia ʻo Habitat me ʻApelika, Suria, Kuwait, Madagascar, ʻIraka, ka ʻaoʻao komohana o Saudi Arabia, Northeheast Iran. Loaʻa ma ka hema a me ke kikowaena o ʻEulopa, ka Canary a me Azores, Transcaucasia, Turkey, Turkmenistan. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka helehelena ma ka Palaearctic, Middle Urals, North-East Kazakhstan.
Pili pono nā nohona o ko Adamu poʻo i ke kau, ʻoiai ka neʻe ʻana o ka laha. Ma nā ʻāina hema, noho nā moth mai Mei a Kepakemapa. Hiki i nā moth hawk neʻe ke lele i ka wikiwiki a 50 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola. Hāʻawi kēia kiʻi iā lākou i ke kuleana e lilo i poʻokela ma waena o nā butterflies a ʻae iā lākou e neʻe i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
I Lūkia, ua hālāwai ke poʻo make i nā wahi he nui - Moscow, Saratov, Volgograd, Penza, ma ka North Caucasus a ma ka Teritori Krasnodar, pinepine hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ma nā wahi mauna. Koho ʻo Lepidoptera i nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole no ka noho ʻana, akā noho pinepine lākou ma kahi kokoke i nā māla, nā māla, ma nā ululāʻau, nā awāwa.
Koho pinepine nā butterflies i nā panalāʻau kokoke i nā māla potato. ʻOiai e ʻeli ana i kaʻuala, nui nā pupae i loaʻa. I Transcaucasia, noho ka poʻe ma lalo o nā kuahiwi i kahi kiʻekiʻe he 700 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. I ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi kiʻekiʻena o 2500 m. ʻO ka manawa lele a me kona mamao e pili ana i nā kūlana anilā. I nā wahi o ka neʻe ʻana, hana ʻo Lepidoptera i mau kolone hou.
He aha ka ʻai a kahi poʻo poʻo make?
Kiʻi: Poʻo pepe pepe i ka pō
ʻAʻole nānā ʻo Imago i nā mea ʻono. ʻO kaʻai o nā mākua kahi mea nui ʻaʻole wale i ka mālama ʻana i ka hana nui, akā i ka oʻo ʻana o nā hua i ke kino o nā wahine. Ma muli o ka proboscis pōkole, ʻaʻole hiki i nā moths ke hānai i ka nectar, akā hiki iā lākou ke inu i nā wai lāʻau a me nā wai e kahe ana mai nā hua i hōʻino ʻia.
Eia nō naʻe, kākaʻikahi loa nā insect e ʻai i nā hua, ʻoiai ke omo nei i ka meli, ka wai a i ʻole ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka wai, makemake lākou ʻaʻole e noho i kahi mokulele, akā e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao kokoke i ka hua. Pepe Make poʻo aloha i ka meli, hiki ke ʻai a 15 mau gram i kēlā me kēia manawa. Hoʻopili lākou i nā hives a i nā punana a hou i nā kāhuna me kā lākou proboscis. ʻAi ʻo Caterpillars i ke poʻo o nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia.
ʻOi loa i kā lākou ʻono:
- uala;
- kāloti;
- ʻōmato;
- paka;
- fennel;
- beet;
- eggplant;
- kekeke;
- physalis.
ʻAi pū nā ʻenuhe i ka ʻili o nā kumulāʻau a me kekahi mau mea kanu - belladonna, dope, wolfberry, cabbage, hemp, nettle, hibiscus, lehu. Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā kumulāʻau i nā māla e ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa o nā ʻenuhe i lalo o ka honua a puka wale i waho no ka hānai ʻana. E hāʻawi i ka mea nui i nā mea kanu nighthade.
ʻAi wale nā poʻe, ʻaʻole ma nā hui, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻeha nui i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole luku nā ʻohi, ʻaʻole like me nā mea ʻino, no ka mea he ʻano mea make ʻaneʻa ia a ʻaʻole kūpono i nā hoʻouka lehulehu. Ola hou nā mea kanu i kahi manawa pōkole.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pepe poʻo make
No ka pō kēia ʻano pēpē. Hoʻomaha lākou i ka lā, a i ka wā aulā hoʻomaka lākou e alualu. A hiki i ke aumoe, hiki ke nānā i nā moth i nā kukui o nā kukui a me nā pou e ʻumeʻume ai iā lākou. I nā kukuna o ka mālamalama mālamalama, nani lākou e ʻōwili nani ʻana, e hana ana i nā hulina moena.
Hiki i nāʻeneke ke kani i ke kani. No kahi manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki i ka entomologists ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻōpala i hana iā lākou a manaʻoʻiʻo ua puka i waho o ka ʻōpū. Akā i ka 1920, ua loaʻa ʻo Heinrich Prell i kahi ʻike a ʻike ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻūlū ma ke ʻano he oscillation o kahi ulu ma ka lehelehe luna ke lele kahi pepe i ka lewa a pahu hou iā ia.
Hiki i nā ʻenuhe hiki ke ʻū, akā ʻokoʻa ia i nā leo o nā mākua. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia e ka ʻānai ʻana i nā ā. Ma mua o ka hānau hou ʻia ʻana e like me ka butterfly a me ka pupae, hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi kani inā hoʻohaunaele ʻia lākou. ʻAʻole maopopo nā ʻepekema i hoʻokahi haneli pākēneka i ka mea e lawelawe ai, akā ʻae ka hapanui e hoʻolaha nā kolo iā lākou e makaʻu i nā malihini.
I ka pae anuhe, aia nā mea kolo i loko o kā lākou mau lua kokoke i nā manawa āpau, ke kolo nei i ka ʻili wale nō e ʻai ai. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hele i waho o ka lepo, akā e kiʻi i ka lau kokoke, ʻai a hūnā. Aia nā lua i kahi hohonu o 40 mau kenimika. No laila noho lākou i ʻelua mau mahina, a laila pupate.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: poʻo o Butterfly Adam
Hānau ka butterfly poʻo make i ʻelua mau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, hānau ʻia ka lua o ka hanauna wahine. No laila, ʻo nā mea neʻe hou mai e hiki ke hoʻonui i ka lehulehu. I nā kūlana maikaʻi a me nā anilā mehana, ʻike ʻia ke keiki ʻekolu. Eia naʻe, inā ʻano anuanu ke kauwela, ʻaʻohe manawa o kekahi poʻe e pupate a make.
Hana nā wahine i nā pheromones, a pēlā e ʻumeʻume ai i nā kāne, a ma hope e pālua lākou a hoʻomoe i nā hua i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua millimeter ka nui, bluish a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Hoʻopili nā pulelehua iā lākou i loko o ka lau a hoʻomoe iā lākou ma waena o ke kumu lāʻau a me ka lau.
Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā ʻenuhe nui mai nā hua manu, ʻo kēlā me kēia me ʻelima mau paʻa o nā wāwae. Hele nā ʻino ma waena o 5 mau anuu o ka oʻo ʻana. I ka mea mua, ulu lākou i hoʻokahi kenimika. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona 5 i 15 kenimika ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 20 gram. Nani loa ke nānā aku nā ʻenuhe. Noho lākou i ʻelua mau mahina ma lalo o ka honua, a laila i kekahi mahina i ka pae pupal.
Hiki i nā Pupae o nā kāne ke 60 milima ka lōʻihi, nā wahine - 75 mm, ke kaumaha o nā pupae o nā kāne a hiki i ka 10 gram, nā wahine - a hiki i ka 12 gram. I ka hopena o ke kaʻina hana pupation, hiki i ka pupa ke melemele a i ʻole ke kalima, ma hope o 12 mau hola e ʻulaʻula.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka pepe make poʻo
Kiʻi: Pepeiao kahu make poʻo
Ma nā pae a pau o ke ola pōʻaiapuni poʻo poʻo make alualu ʻia e nā ʻano parasitoids - nā meaola i ola i ka lilo o ka mea hoʻokipa.
- larval;
- hua moa;
- ovarian;
- larval-pupal;
- pupal.
Hiki i nā ʻāpana ʻōpelu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ke hoʻomoe i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ke kino o ka ʻenuhe. Hoʻomohala ka larvae ma ka parasitizing ʻana i nā ʻenuhe. Kau ʻo Tahinas i kā lākou mau hua ma nā mea kanu. ʻAi pū nā ʻenuhe iā lākou me nā lau, a hoʻomohala lākou, e ʻai ana i nā ʻōloko o ka mu o ka wā e hiki mai ana. Ke ulu ka parasites, puka lākou i waho.
ʻOiai he hapa nā moth i ka meli pi, nahu ʻia lākou. Ua hōʻoia ʻia ua like ke poʻo o ʻAdamu me he mea ʻole ʻole i ka nalo meli a hiki iā ia ke kū aʻe i ʻelima mau ʻūlū pi. No ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho mai ka nalo ʻana o nā nalo meli, buzz lākou e like me ka pī wahine wahine i puka mai nei mai kahi kōpena mai.
Loaʻa nā moth i nā moths kekahi. Holo lākou i loko o ka hives i ka pō a hana i nā kemika e hūnā i ko lākou pilau ponoʻī. Me ke kōkua o nā waikawa momona, hoʻomalie lākou i nā pi. Hana ʻia e ka pi na ka ipo aloha i ka make.
ʻAʻole hōʻino nā pepelu i ka nalo meli ma muli o kā lākou helu haʻahaʻa, akā noʻonoʻo mau nā beekeepers iā lākou he mea hōʻino a luku iā lākou. Kū pinepine lākou i nā meshes a puni nā hives me nā hunaola ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 9 millimeter i hiki i nā pi wale ke komo i loko.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pepe poʻo make
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki i nā kānaka ke loaʻa wale i nā helu hoʻokahi. Pili ka helu o nā laha i ke aniau a me nā kūlana kūlohelohe, no laila, ʻokoʻa ka nui o kā lākou helu mai kēlā makahiki a kēia makahiki. I nā makahiki anuanu, hāʻule nui ka helu, i nā makahiki mehana hoʻomaka koke ia.
Inā paʻakikī loa ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka pupae ke make. Akā i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ke ola nei ka helu mahalo i nā poʻe neʻe. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lua o ka hanauna moth i nā helu he nui aku ka nui no ka poʻe malihini i hōʻea mai. Eia nō naʻe, i ke ala waena, ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine o ka hanauna ʻelua ke hānau keiki.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūlana me ka helu o nā moths ma Transcaucasus. ʻOhana ka Winters ma aneʻi a ola palekana nā larvae a hiki i ka wā e hoʻoheheʻe ai. I nā wahi ʻē aʻe, he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kūlana kūlohelohe i ka helu o nā butterflies.
ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu helu, ma ka hakahaka wale nō, kau ʻia ma luna o nā pupae i loaʻa. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau kemikal o nā māla i alakaʻi i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka helu o nā kolo i nā panalāʻau o ka USSR ma mua, ʻo ia hoʻi i ke kaua ʻana me ka nalo potato potato, ʻo ia ka mea i make ai nā ʻenuhe a me nā pupae, huki ʻia nā ulu lāʻau, a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā wahi noho.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua hoʻomaʻau pinepine ʻia ka moʻo e nā kānaka. ʻO nā kani i hana ʻia e ka moth a me ke kumu ma kona umauma i hoʻonāukiuki ka poʻe naʻaupō i ka 1733. Ua pili lākou i ka maʻi ahulau i ka helehelena o kahi moth hawk. I Palani, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kekahi poʻe inā loaʻa ka pālākiō mai ka ʻēheu o ka Dead Head i ka maka, hiki iā ʻoe ke makapō.
Ke kiaʻi nei i ke poʻo o ka butterfly
Kiʻi: Pepe make poʻo o ka puke Red
I ka makahiki 1980, ua helu ʻia nā ʻano o ke poʻo o ʻAdamu i loko o ka Red Book o ka Ukrainian SSR a ma ka makahiki 1984 ma ka Red Book o ka USSR e nalowale ana. Akā i kēia manawa ua kāpae ʻia ia mai ka Red Book o Lūkia, ʻoiai ua hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o kahi ʻano laha maʻamau a ʻaʻole pono i nā hana pale.
I ka Red Book o Ukraine, hāʻawi ʻia ka moth hawk i kahi mahele 3 i kapa ʻia ʻo "rare species". Hoʻopili kēia i nā ʻano pepeke me nā lāhui liʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i kēia manawa nā ʻano "popilikia" a "ʻano palupalu" paha. No nā keiki kula, mālama ʻia nā papa wehewehe wehewehe kūikawā no ka hiki ʻole o ka luku ʻana i nā anuhe.
Ma nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina o ka USSR ma mua, aia kahi hōʻemi holomua o ka helu o nā kānaka, no laila he mea nui e hana i nā hana e pale ai i kēia mau mea ola. Pono e mālama i nā hana e mālama ai i nā ʻano, kona ulu ʻana, ka hopena o ke aniau a me nā mea kanu ʻai, a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o nā wahi noho mau.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa i ka puʻunaue ʻana o nā butterflies, e hoʻoholo ai i nā palena o ka nohona a me nā neʻe neʻe. I nā wahi mahiʻai i mahi ʻia, pono e panai ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā insecticides me kahi hana hoʻomalu pest i hoʻohui ʻia. Eia kekahi, i ke kaua ʻana i ka nalo, maikaʻi ʻole nā pesticides.
I ka unuhi ʻana mai Greek mai, ua unuhi ʻia ka butterfly me "ʻuhane". He like ia me ka māmā, ea a maʻemaʻe hoʻi. Pono e mālama i kēia ʻuhane no ka pono o nā hanauna e hiki mai ana a e hāʻawi i ka poʻe mamo i ka manawa kūpono e leʻaleʻa ai i ka ʻike o kēia mea nani, a e mahalo pū i ke ʻano mystical o kēia moth kilohana.
Ka lā paʻi: 02.06.2019
Lā hou: 20.09.2019 ma 22:07
