ʻO ka sterlet, no ka ʻohana Sturgeon, manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano iʻa kahiko loa: ua kūpuna kona mau kūpuna ma ka Honua i ka hopena o ka wā Silurian. Aia ia i nā ʻano like ʻole me kona ʻano e pili ana, e like me beluga, stellate Sturate, kākalaioa a me ka paʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui. Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia iʻa he ʻano waiwai kālepa, akā i kēia lā, ma muli o ka hōʻemi ʻana o kāna helu, ua pāpā ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana i loko o kona wahi maoli a kuhi ʻia he kānāwai ʻole.
Hōʻike o ka sterlet
He lālā ʻo Sterlet o kahi subclass o ka iʻa cartilaginous, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he ganoids cartilaginous... E like me nā stabilgeon āpau, hana nā unahi o kēia iʻa predatory iʻa i ʻano like me nā pā iwi e uhi nui i ka kino kālī.
Helehelena
Manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka sterlet ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa ma waena o nā ʻano Stopegeon āpau. ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kino o kahi mākua ma mua o 120-130 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau cartilaginous: 30-40 cm, a kaupaona lākou ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelua kilo.
He kino elongated a he nui ka nui o ka sterlet, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ia, kahi poʻo triangular oblong. ʻO kona ihu he elongated, conical, me ka lehelehe lalo i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua, ʻo ia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻokoʻa loa o kēia iʻa. Ma lalo, ma ka ihu, aia kahi lālani o nā antennae fringed, i loko o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Sturgeon.
Hoihoi ia! Hele mai ʻo Sterlet i ʻelua ʻano: ihu ihu, i manaʻo ʻia he kūlana a ihu ihu, kahi i hoʻopuni ʻia ka lihi o ka waha.
Uhi ʻia kona poʻo mai luna mai me nā scony iwi kuʻi. Aia ma ke kino he mau unahi ganoid me nā puʻupuʻu he nui, e kuapo nei me nā wana e like me ka Comb-like i ke ʻano o nā hua. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano iʻa he nui, i ka sterlet ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka fin dorsal kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo o ke kino. He ʻano maʻamau ko ka huelo no nā iʻa Sturgeon, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona lobe kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka mea haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ka ʻeleʻele o ke kino o ka sterlet ʻeleʻele pinepine, ma ke ʻano he, brownish-brown, pinepine me ka hoʻopili ʻana o kahi melemele melemele. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka'ōpū ma mua o ke kala nui; i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona hiki keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā stropgeon sterlet ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea mua, e kāna lehelehe haʻahaʻa i hoʻokiʻoki ʻia a me kahi nui o nā beetles, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā helu i nā 50 mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO ka iʻa iʻa iʻa predatory e ola wale i nā kahawai, a makemake ʻo ia e noho i nā waihona hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono me ka wai holo. Hiki ke ʻauʻau wale i loko o ke kai i kekahi manawa, akā ma laila e loaʻa ai ma kahi o nā nuku o nā kahawai.
I ke kauwela, noho ia i ka wai pāpaʻu, a loaʻa pū ʻia kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpio i nā kahawai kūiki a i ʻole nā awāwa kokoke i nā kahawai. I ka hāʻule ʻana, komo ka iʻa i lalo a moe i ke kaumaha, i kapa ʻia he lua, kahi e hibernates ai. I ke kau anuanu, alakaʻi ʻo ia i kahi nohona noho: ʻaʻole ʻo ia e alualu a ʻai ʻole i kekahi mea. Ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o ka hau, haʻalele ka sterlet i nā lua ma lalo o ka waihona wai a piʻi i ka muliwai i mea e hoʻomau ai i kāna heihei.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me ka nui o ka paʻa, i manaʻo ʻia he mau ipo mehameha, makemake ka sterlet e mālama i nā hipa nui. ʻOiai i loko o nā lua no ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole hele wale kēia iʻa, akā i ka hui o kona mau hoahānau lehulehu.
I kekahi manawa he hibernate mau haneli mau sterlet i hoʻokahi kaumaha lalo. I ka manawa like, hiki iā lākou ke kaomi nui ʻia kekahi i kekahi me ka paʻakikī ʻole o ka neʻe ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻiʻī a me nā peʻa.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka sterlet?
Noho ke sterlet, e like me nā iʻa Sturgeon āpau, no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO kona ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe hiki i kanakolu mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka loko paʻa like, hōʻea ka makahiki i 80 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha, hewa ia e kapa iā ia he ake lōʻihi ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kona ʻohana.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻAʻohe loa ka moekolohe dimorphism i kēia iʻa. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine o kēia ʻano mai kekahi i kekahi a i ʻole i ke kala o ke kino a i ʻole ka nui. ʻO ke kino o nā wahine, e like me ke kino o nā kāne, ua uhi ʻia me nā unahi ganoid nui e like me nā protrusions iwi; ʻoi aku, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa ka nui o nā unahi i kēlā me kēia kanaka o nā ʻano kāne.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho ʻo Sterlet i nā kahawai e kahe ana i kai o Black, Azov a me Caspian... Loaʻa pū ia i nā kahawai ʻākau, e laʻa me Ob, Yenisei, Northern Dvina, a me nā kīʻaha o nā loko Ladoga a me Onega. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻopunipuni ʻia kēia iʻa i nā kahawai e like me Neman, Pechora, Amur a me Oka a me kekahi mau waihona nui.
Hiki i Sterlet ke noho wale i nā waihona wai me ka wai kahe maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka makemake e noho i nā kahawai me ka lepo one a pōhaku paha. I ka manawa like, hoʻāʻo nā wahine e noho kokoke i ka lalo o ka waihona wai, ʻoiai e ʻau ana nā kāne i ke kolamu wai a, ma ke ʻano nui, alakaʻi i kahi ola ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
Meaʻai Sterlet
ʻO ka sterlet kahi predator e hānai i ka hapanui o nā kahawai wai liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka papaʻai o kēia iʻa i nā meaola benthic e like me nā larva insect, a me nā amphipod crustacean, nā mollusks like ʻole a me nā ilo anu hulu liʻiliʻi e noho ana ma lalo o ka waihona. ʻAʻole hōʻole ka sterlet i ka caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻai ʻiʻo ia me ka makemake. Hiki i nā kānaka nui o kēia laha ke hānai i nā iʻa kaulike, akā i ka manawa like e hoʻāʻo ai e haʻalele i ka mea pio nui loa.
Hoihoi ia! Ma muli o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā wahine wahine sterlet i kahi nohona kokoke i lalo, a ʻau aku nā kāne i ka wai ākea, ʻai ʻokoʻa nā iʻa o nā kāne like ʻole. Nānā nā wahine no ka meaʻai i ka sediment lalo, ʻoiai e ʻimi nā kāne i ka invertebrates i ke kolamu wai. Makemake ʻo Sterlet e alualu i ka pouli.
ʻAi ka Fry a me ka iʻa ʻōpio i ka plankton holoholona a me nā microorganism, e hoʻonui mālie nei i kā lākou papaʻai ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka mea liʻiliʻi ma mua a laila nui nā invertebrates.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
No ka manawa mua, huahua ke alaula no ka Stabilgeon: nā kāne ma ka makahiki 4-5, a me nā wahine - ke hiki i 7-8 mau makahiki. I ka manawa like, hoʻopuka hou ia i 1-2 mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau mua ʻana.
Pono kēia manawa o ka manawa no ka wahine e hoʻihoʻi piha mai ka "hānau" ma mua, kahi e hoʻopau nui ai i nā meaola o nā ʻohana o kēia ʻohana.
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau no kēia iʻa i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ke kakahiaka nui paha - kokoke, mai ka waena o Mei a i kona hopena, ke hiki aku ka mahana o ka wai i loko o ka waihona mai 7 a 20 mau kekelē, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoi loa o ka mahana wela no kēia laha no ka hoʻoulu hua ʻana -15 kekelē. Akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke hoʻomaka ka ʻōpū ma mua a ma hope paha o kēia manawa: i ka mua o Mei a i waena paha o Iune. Loaʻa kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole kau ʻia ka mahana o ka wai e koi ʻia no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i kekahi ʻano no kekahi kumu a i ʻole. Eia kekahi, i ka manawa e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻōpū i ka hānau ʻana, pili ka wai i ka muliwai kahi e ola ai.
ʻO ka Stiffgeon e noho nei i ka Volga ʻaʻole hele āpau i ka spawn i ka manawa like... ʻO nā poʻe e noho ana i uka o ka muliwai e hua aʻe ma mua o ka poʻe e makemake e noho i nā wahi haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka manawa o ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia mau iʻa i ka wai hālana nui loa, a hoʻomaka ia i nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai ma mua o ka hiki i lalo. Hoʻokupu ʻo Sterlet i ka caviar ma nā kahawai, i kēlā mau wahi kahi maopopo loa ka wai, a uhi ʻia ka lalo me nā ʻiliʻili. He iʻa momona ʻo ia: ʻo ka helu o nā hua i kau ʻia e ka wahine i ka manawa hiki i 16,000 a ʻoi aku.
Hoʻopili i nā hua lālau, waiho ʻia ma lalo, hoʻomohala no kekahi mau lā, a ma hope iho e hū ai lākou mai iā lākou. I ka lā ʻumi o ke ola, ke nalowale kā lākou ʻeke yolk, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o nā sterlet liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1.5 knm. ʻO ka helehelena o nā ʻōpio i kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i ka poʻe mākua. Liʻiliʻi ka waha o ka larva, ʻāpana, a like ka nui o nā antennae fringed me ka nui. Ua māhelehele ʻia ko lākou lehelehe lalo i ʻelua, e like me nā sterlet makua. ʻO ka ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o ke poʻo i nā iʻa ʻōpio o kēia ʻano i uhi ʻia me nā ʻōiwi liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele o nā ʻōpio ma mua o ko lākou makua congeners; ʻike maka ʻia ka ʻeleʻele i ka ʻaoʻao o ka huelo o ke kino o ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki.
No kahi manawa lōʻihi, noho mau nā ʻōpio ʻōpio i kahi a lākou i ulu mua ai mai nā hua manu. A i ke kauwela wale nō, ua hōʻea i kahi nui o 11-25 cm, hele lākou i ka muliwai delta. I ka manawa like, ulu nā sterlets o nā kāne like ʻole i ka wikiwiki like: ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā kāne a me nā wahine mai ka hoʻomaka a like kekahi me kekahi i ka nui, e like me ka mea maʻamau, ua like lākou i ko lākou kala.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki i ka sterlet ke launa me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana Sturgeon, e like me nā ʻano Stiffgeon, e laʻa me Siberian a me Lūkini Stefate a i ʻole Stellate Sturateon. A mai ka beluga a me ka sterlet i nā makahiki 1950 o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hānai ʻia kahi hybrid hou - ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, i kēia manawa he ʻano waiwai kālepa.
ʻO ka waiwai o kēia ʻano hybrid ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, e like me ka beluga, ulu maikaʻi a wikiwiki a loaʻa ke kaupaona. Akā i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole like me ka loiloi ʻana o ka belugas, ʻo nā mea ʻoi loa, e like me nā sterlets, ʻike ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ka moekolohe ma mua, kahi e hiki ai ke hōʻeleu i ka hana hou ʻana o kēia iʻa i ka pio.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Ma muli o ka noho ʻana o ka sterlet i ke kolamu wai a i ʻole ma kahi kokoke i ka lalo o nā kino wai, he mau ʻenemi kūlohelohe kēia mau iʻa.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole no ka poʻe mākua ka makaʻu nui, akā no nā hua manu a me nā iʻa, i ʻai ʻia e nā iʻa o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, e like me nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana paʻa paʻa e noho nei i nā kahua hua wai. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka iʻa iʻa a me beluga ka mea e weliweli ai i nā ʻōpio.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma mua, he kanahiku mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo ka sterlet kekahi o nā ʻano lehulehu a kūleʻa hoʻi, akā i kēia manawa ʻo ka hoʻohaumia o nā waihona wai me ka hoʻowahāwahā, a me ka lawaiʻa nui ʻana, ua hana i kā lākou hana. No laila, no kekahi manawa i kēia manawa, helu ʻia kēia iʻa i loko o ka Red Book e like me ka mea e ʻaneʻane ana, a e like me ka hoʻonohonoho honua ʻana o nā ʻano palekana, e hāʻawi ʻia i ke kūlana o "Vulnerable species".
Waiwai kālepa
Ma ke kau waena o ke kenekulia 20, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka sterlet ka iʻa kalepa ʻoi loa, nona ka lawaiʻa ʻana i hoʻokō ʻia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka unahi o ka hopu mua ʻia ʻana, ke aneane he 40 mau tona i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia manawa, pāpā ʻia ka hopu ʻana i ka sterlet i ko lākou wahi maoli a hana ʻole ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻomau nei kēia iʻa i ka mākeke, nā mea ʻono a i ʻole hoʻi, a me nā meaʻai paʻakai, puhi a puhi ʻia. No hea mai ka nui o ka sterlet inā hopu ʻia ia i nā kahawai ua pāpā lōʻihi ʻia a manaʻo ʻia he kānāwai ʻole.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Pike
- Kaluga
- Sturgeon
- Salemona
ʻO ka mea ʻoiaʻiʻo ka poʻe mālama e hana ana i nā hana kaiapuni e makemake ʻole e nalo ka sterlet mai ke alo o ka Honua ma ke ʻano he ʻano mea no kekahi manawa i hoʻomaka e hoʻouluulu iʻa i kēia iʻa i nā pio, ma nā mahiʻai iʻa i kūkulu kūikawā ʻia no kēia mau kumu. A inā i hana mua ʻia kēia mau ana no ka mālama ʻana i ka sterlet ma ke ʻano he lāhui, i kēia manawa, ke lawa kēia iʻa i hānau ʻia i loko o ke pio, ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi ala hou o nā kuʻuna culinary kahiko e pili ana i kēia iʻa. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi ka ʻiʻo sterlet, a ʻo ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa i hāpai ʻia i ka pio ua ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka mea i ulu i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. Eia nō naʻe, he manawa kūpono nā mahiʻai iʻa no ka sterlet e ola wale ai ma ke ʻano he lāhui, akā e lilo hou i ʻano laha kalepa maʻamau, e like me ka hala i mau makahiki i hala.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka sterlet, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o ka Stormgeon, ʻokoʻa i nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻohana ʻaʻole wale i kona liʻiliʻi, akā i ka hiki ʻana i ke oʻo ʻōpio ma mua o ka paʻa.
ʻO ia kēia, a ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka sterlet kahi iʻa i manaʻo ʻole ʻia i ka meaʻai, a maʻalahi hoʻi ia no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pio a no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻano iʻa Sturgeon hou, e like me ka laʻana. No laila, i loko nō o ka mea i kēia manawa no ia ia o ka lālani ʻaneʻane make, hiki i ka sterlet ke loaʻa nā manawa kūpono e ola ai ma ke ʻano he lāhui. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole hoihoi ka poʻe i kēia iʻa e nalowale ana mai ke alo o ka Honua, a no laila ke hana ʻia nei nā hana kaiapuni āpau e mālama i ka sterlet.
