ʻO Spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka Andean bear, kahi mammal liʻiliʻi loa i kēia manawa, no ka ʻohana bear a me ka Spectacled bear genus.
Ka wehewehe o ka bea nui
ʻO Spectacled bear wale nō ka mea i koho ʻia i kēia manawa no ka genus Tremarctos... Ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano fossil kokoke - ka bear bear Florida (Tremartos florianus). ʻO nā bea spectacled nā mamo pololei o ka predator ʻAmelika nui loa o ka Ice Ice - he bea nui nona ka helehelena pōkole (Arstodus simus), nona ke kaupaona i pīhoihoi a hiki i 800-1000 kilogram.
Helehelena
ʻO ka bear bear he predator mammal waena. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o kēia holoholona ma waena o 150-180 cm, me ka lōʻihi o ka huelo mai 7 a 10 cm. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka predator ma nā poʻohiwi he 75-80 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona o kahi wahine makua mai 70-72 kg, a ʻo ke kāne makua makua ʻole. 130-140 kg.
ʻO ka hulu o ka holoholona he shaggy, lanahu-ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i ke kala. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka e ke kū ʻana o nā pale ʻulaʻula-ʻeleʻele i wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia i ke kala. ʻOiai he ʻumikūmālua mau pā o nā iwi ʻaoʻao o nā ʻelele o ka bea, ʻike ʻia ka bea kupaianaha e ke kū ʻana o nā iwi iwi ʻekolu wale nō.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka bea kupaianaha mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana ʻaʻole wale ke ʻano o nā "aniani" e puni ana i nā maka, akā ʻo ka waha pū pōkole hoʻi.
ʻO kahi holoholona ikaika me ka ʻāʻī pōkole a me ka ʻāʻī, a me nā lālā pōkole a ikaika hoʻi, me nā ʻano bear ʻē aʻe, neʻe ia i kona kuʻekuʻe wāwae. ʻO nā lālā o ka genus he mau piʻi piʻi maikaʻi loa ia ma muli o ko lākou mau wāwae nui i mua e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā wāwae hope. Ma nā maka o ka bea kupaianaha, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona keʻokeʻo a melemele paha, e wehewehe ana i ka inoa o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus. Pili kēia mau apo i kahi semicircle keʻokeʻo aia i loko o ka puʻu. I kekahi mau kānaka, ʻaʻohe a i ʻole hapa hapa paha kēlā mau kiko.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO Spectacled bear kahi ʻano maikaʻi loa o nā lālā āpau o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole hoʻouka mua kahi holoholona holoholona kipi i kahi kanaka ma mua. ʻO nā hoʻokoe nā hihia ke ʻike ʻia ka mammal i kahi hoʻoweliweli maopopo i kona ola a i ʻole ke hoʻāʻo nei e pale i kāna keiki. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe mea make i hōʻike ʻia mai ka hoʻouka kaua kupaianaha a hiki i kēia lā. Ke ʻike ʻia ka poʻe, makemake ka holoholona peʻa e hoʻomaha, e piʻi ana i kahi kumu kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka mammal predatory o kēia genus ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻāina i waena o lākou iho, akā makemake ʻo ia i kahi ala paʻa, mehameha o ke ola. I nā panalāʻau e waiwai nui ana i nā ʻano meaʻai āpau, hiki pinepine iā ʻoe ke nānā i kekahi, me ka noho maluhia ʻana o ka poʻe i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
Hoihoi ia! Ua aʻo maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka biology o nā bea kupaianaha i kēia lā, akā manaʻo ka ʻepekema ʻo ia holoholona no ke ao pō a pō hoʻi i ka hibernate hiki ʻole ke hoʻolako i kahi ana, kuʻuna no nā lālā o ka ʻohana.
ʻO nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai ka bear brown i ka ʻōlelo o ke ʻano o ka nohona e hoʻopili pū ana me ka ʻole o kahi manawa hibernation. Hoʻohui, hana pinepine ʻole nā bea kupaianaha i nā lua no lākou iho. Makemake nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus i ka makaʻala i ka pō, a i ke ao e hoʻomaha ai kēlā mau holoholona i nā pūnana kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano he paʻakikī, paʻakikī loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pūnana o ka bea i waena o nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o kahi bea i ʻike ʻia?
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola o kahi bea kupanaha i ka nāhelehele, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 20-22 mau makahiki.... Hiki i nā māmela hopu ke ola i kahi hapahā o ke kenekulia. ʻO kahi kamaʻāina o ka Moscow Zoological Park, he bea kupaianaha i kapa ʻia ʻo Klausina, e like me ka ʻike kūhelu, ua hiki ke ola i kahi hanohano he kanakolu makahiki o kona mau makahiki.
Dimorphism moekolohe
Hōʻike ka dimorphism moekolohe iā ia iho i nā ʻokoʻa anatomical ma waena o nā wahine a me nā kāne, no nā ʻano meaola like ʻole. Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i nā ʻano kino like ʻole, me ke kaupaona a me ka nui o ka holoholona. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka nui o kahi bea kāne i ʻike maka ʻia i ka nui o ka wahine makua o kēia ʻano e 30-50%. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā wahine i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka wahine ikaika i ka paona.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho nā bea spectacled i ke komohana a me ka hema o ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hema, e like me ka hikina o Panama, Colombia komohana, Venezuela, Peru a me ʻEkuador. Hoʻohui ʻia, loaʻa kēlā ʻano mammal predatory ma Bolivia a ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o ʻAtenitina.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka bea kupaianaha wale nō ka mea nona ka ʻohana bear e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. Makemake ka holoholona i nā ululāʻau mauna o ka pali komohana o ka Andes, aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu kaukani mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia kahi predator ma nā palahalaha ākea, i nā savannas haʻahaʻa a me nā ulu lāʻau.
Papaʻai bear spectacled
ʻO nā bea spectacled ka mea hihiu nui a pau o ko lākou ʻohana āpau, no laila, ʻo ka ʻiʻo ka hapa liʻiliʻi loa o kā lākou papaʻai o kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka nui o nā mea kanu mea kanu ma 95% o ka papaʻai, a ʻo ka nui o kaʻiʻo ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima pākēneka. I mea e hoʻolako ai i ke kino me ka protein, ʻimi ʻimi nā holoholona predatory i kēlā me kēia ʻano rodents a me nā lāpaki, a me nā dia nui ʻole kekahi, kekahi mau arthropods a me nā manu.
I nā manawa ʻilihune, hiki i nā bea kupaianaha ke hoʻouka i nā holoholona hele wāwae, akā ʻo ka pinepine pinepine lākou i ka ʻikepili me nā ʻano o ke kino e hānai iā lākou iho. Ma muli o nā ʻano o ke ʻano o ka mu mu a me kahi alelo lōʻihi lōʻihi, e hānai pinepine kahi holoholona pēpē pēpē i nā termite a i ʻole nā ʻano kolo āpau, ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻia ʻana o ko lākou hale a ʻaneʻane pau loa i ka luku ʻia.
Paakiki loa ka meaʻai o nā mea kanu a lawe ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi e ke kino o nā holoholona he nui, a ʻo ka bea kupaianaha kekahi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o nā holoholona ʻai manu, nona nā kino o loko e hiki ke ʻeli i ia meaʻai. ʻO nā wana mauʻu, nā rhizome a me nā ʻano huaʻai like ʻole, nā ipukui, nā hua pāma, a me nā lau ke kumu no ka meaʻai o kēia ʻano bear.
Hoihoi ia! He mau ʻāʻī ikaika nā Spectacled bear, ʻae iā lākou e ʻai i ka meaʻai i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, e like me ka lāʻau lāʻau a me ka puʻuwai bromeliad.
Hiki i ka mammal predatory ke piʻi i ka cacti nui nimbly lawa, i hiki ai i ka holoholona ke hoʻohua i nā hua e ulu ana ma ka piko o ka mea kanu. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻike nui ʻia nā bea kupaianaha no ko lākou niho momona, i hala ʻole i ka manawa kūpono e pāʻina ai i ke kō a i ʻole ka meli ʻāhiu. I kekahi mau wahi, hana ʻino nā bea i hana nui ʻia i nā hua kulina, e luku nei i kahi ʻāpana nui o lākou.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I nā pālua, hui pū nā bea nui i ka wā hānau, ʻo ia mai Malaki a ʻOkakopa... Hōʻike pololei kēia hiʻohiʻona i kēia mammal predatory hiki i ka hiki ke hana hou me ka nānā ʻole i ke kau. ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka genus a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio piha mai ka hā a hiki i ka hiku o ka makahiki o ke ola.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o kahi bea wahine kahaha, me ka wā latency holoʻokoʻa, he ʻewalu paha mau mahina a ʻoi iki paha, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o hoʻokahi a ʻekolu paha mau keiki. ʻAʻole kōkua nui a pēpē nā pēpē hou, a ʻo ke kaulike kaulike o ka bea i hānau ʻia, ma ke ʻano he rula, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka 320-350 gram. Eia nō naʻe, ulu a maʻalahi ka hana a nā keiki, no laila ma hope o ʻehā mau pule ua hoʻomaka lākou e hele i waho o kā lākou lua. Wehe nā maka o nā pēpē a puni ka hopena o ka mahina mua.
Ma kahi o ʻeono mau makahiki, hānau nā keiki a kokoke i nā wahi āpau me ko lākou makuahine, ka mea e hoʻāʻo e aʻo i kāna keiki e ʻai pono, a e ʻimi pū i nā mea kanu i pono no kahi mea ulu. ʻO ka hapanui o nā manawa, ʻaʻole nā keiki bear o kēia laha e haʻalele i ko lākou makuahine a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ʻelua mau makahiki, a i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana wale nō, i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mākau o ka ʻimi holoholona a me ke ola, kūʻokoʻa loa lākou.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻokaʻawale ka hua manu i hoʻouluulu ʻia, a ma hope iho e kau manuahi ʻia ia i loko o ka kōpū no kekahi mau mahina, a mahalo i ka hoʻopili lohi ʻana, hānau ʻia nā keiki i kahi manawa a nui ka meaʻai.
ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o nā ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i nā bea ʻeleʻele a brown me he holoholona lā i ʻano like i nā ʻano like ʻole, hiki ʻole ke kaʻina hana kūleʻa ma waena o lākou, no laila aia ka hoʻokaʻawale hānau kūlohelohe. ʻOiai ka hiki o ka moena ma waena o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, he manuahi nā keiki i hānau ʻia a nonviable loa paha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO nā ʻenemi nui o nā bea ʻōpio a me nā keiki hānau hou i nā kūlana kūlohelohe nā bea kāne makua, a me nā jaguars a me ka puma. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā kānaka ia ka ʻenemi weliweli loa no nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha. Ua aneane hoʻopau nā kānaka i ka heluna lehulehu o nā bea kupaianaha.
I kēia manawa ua ola pū kahi ʻimi ʻana, a kī kekahi i nā mahiʻai i ka mammal predatory i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka makaʻu o ka holoholona i ka holoholona. Ua lōʻihi ka hana ʻana o ka lehulehu i ka ʻimi holoholona no ka bea kupanaha no ka loaʻa ʻana o kā lākou ʻiʻo, momona, hulu a me ka bile. Kaulana ka ʻiʻo o kēia predator ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Peru, a hoʻohana ʻia ka momona i ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi kōpaʻa a me ka rumatika. Ua ʻimi nui ʻia nā gallbladders i ʻohiʻohi ʻia e nā loea maʻamau o ʻAsia.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka ʻāina i kēia manawa, e like me ke kua ʻana o nā kumulāʻau, ka unuhi ʻana i ka wahie a me ka lāʻau, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka ʻāina ma nā wahi mauna he nui, a me ka hoʻomohala pono ʻana o nā hanana, ua lilo ka bear bear i kona ʻano kūlohelohe i nā panalāʻau nui ma waena o Venezuela a me ka ʻākau o Peru.
Hoihoi ia!E like me nā kuhi, ua hiki ke hoʻokūpaʻa i kēia lā i ka heluna hihiu o nā bea kupaianaha aia ma kahi o 2.0-2.4 tausani mau kānaka i komo i loko o ka Red Book o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
ʻO nā kumu nui o ka emi loa a me ka wikiwiki o ka heluna nui o nā bea nui i nā kūlana kūlohelohe ka luku ʻana i nā wahi noho, a me ko lākou māhele i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ulu mahiʻai. Ke helu ʻia nei ka mammal karnivorous ma ke ʻano he ʻano palupalu e ka IUCN, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lālā o ka genus e CITES ma ka Manaʻo I.
