ʻO ko mākou ʻāina ākea kahi home o kahi ʻano nui o nā holoholona nui a liʻiliʻi. He mea nui ko Rodents i ke kaiaolaola, a ʻo kekahi o lākou Mongolian marmots – limahana.
ʻO Tarbagan helehelena
Pili kēia holoholona i ka genus o marmots. Kaumaha ke kino, nui. ʻO ka nui o nā kāne ma kahi o 60-63 cm, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine - 55-58 cm. ʻO ke kaupaona kokoke e pili ana iā 5-7 kg.
He poʻo ke poʻo, e like me ka lāpaki i kona ʻano. Nui nā maka, ʻeleʻele, a me kahi ihu ʻeleʻele ʻano nui. Pokole ka ʻāʻī. Hoʻolālā maikaʻi ka maka maka, ʻala a me ka lohe.
Pōkole nā wāwae, lōʻihi ka huelo, ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa i kekahi ʻano. ʻOiʻoi a ikaika hoʻi nā māiʻuʻu. E like me nā rodents, lōʻihi nā niho o mua.
Pālule tarbagana ʻoi aku ka nani, ke one a ʻeleʻele paha i ke kala, ʻoi aku ka māmā i ka puna ma mua o ke kauwela. He lahilahi ka pālule, akā manoanoa, o ka lōʻihi waena, ʻoi aku ka pouli o ka undercoat palupalu ma mua o ke kala nui.
Ma nā paws ʻulaʻula ka lauoho, ma ke poʻo a me ka wēlau o ka huelo - ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā pepeiao poepoe, e like me nā ʻūpā, me ka ʻulaʻula. Ma Talassky huluhulu tarbagan ʻulaʻula me nā kiko kukui ma nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO kēia ka laha liʻiliʻi loa.
Noho nā kānaka ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa i nā wahi like ʻole. Aia ma waena o lākou ka lehu hina, one-melemele a ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula. Pono nā holoholona e kūpono i ka ʻāina kūlohelohe i mea e hūnā ai i ko lākou wahi mai nā ʻenemi lehulehu.
ʻO Tarbagan wahi noho
Noho ʻo Tarbagan i nā ʻāpana steppe o Lūkia, ma Transbaikalia a me Tuva. Noho ka bobm marmot ma Kazakhstan a me Trans-Urals. ʻO nā ʻāpana hikina a me waena o Kyrgyzstan, a me nā kuahiwi ʻo Altai, ua koho ʻia e ka Altai species.
Noho ka lāhui Yakut ma ka hema a me ka hikina o Yakutia, komohana o Transbaikalia a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka Hikina Loa. ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo Fergana tarbagan, laha ākea ma Central Asia.
Ua lilo ka mauna Tien Shan i home no ka tarbagan Talas. I Kamchatka, ola kahi marmot kapo ʻeleʻele, kahi i kapa ʻia he tarbagan. ʻO nā lau nahele Alpine, nā kula ākea, kahi ulu lāʻau, nā kapuaʻu a me nā ʻauwai muliwai kahi wahi maikaʻi no lākou e noho ai. Noho lākou i 0.6-3 tausani mau mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Tarbagans i nā kolone. Akā, kēlā me kēia ʻohana kēlā me kēia pūnaewele o nā mink, i komo pū me ka lua noho, ka hoʻoilo a me ke kauwela "nā hale noho", nā hale moe a me nā alaloa he nui mika e pau ana i kekahi mau puka.
No laila, hiki i kahi holoholona wikiwiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo iā ia iho i ka palekana pili - inā he mea hoʻoweliweli, hiki iā ia ke peʻe mau. Hiki i ka lua hohonu i kahi hohonu o 3-4 mau mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi o nā ʻaoʻao ma kahi o 30 mika.
ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua hou he 3-4 mau mika, a ʻo ka lōʻihi ma kahi o 30 m.
ʻO kahi ʻohana kahi hui liʻiliʻi i loko o kahi kolone i piha i nā mākua a me nā keiki i ʻoi ʻole ma mua o 2 mau makahiki. ʻOluʻolu ke ʻano o loko o ka noho, akā inā komo nā malihini i ka ʻāina, alualu ʻia lākou.
Ke lawa ka meaʻai, aia ka kolone ma kahi o 16-18 mau kānaka, akā inā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ke ʻano o ke ola, a laila hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka heluna kanaka i 2-3 mau kānaka.
Alakaʻi nā holoholona i kahi nohona diurnal, puka mai kā lākou mau lua ma kahi o ʻeiwa o ke kakahiaka, a ma kahi o ʻeono o ke ahiahi. ʻOiai ka ʻohana e hana nui nei i ka ʻeli ʻana i kahi lua a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana, kū kekahi ma luna o kahi puʻu a inā he mea weliweli, e aʻo aku ʻo ia i ka moku āpau me kahi ʻāwī wīwī.
Ma ka laulaha, hilahila a akahele loa kēia mau holoholona, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka lua, e nānā lākou a ʻaʻala no ka manawa lōʻihi a hiki i ko lākou manaʻoʻiʻo i ka palekana o kā lākou hoʻolālā.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka marmot tarbagan
Me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hāʻule, i Kepakemapa, hibernate nā holoholona, hūnā hohonu i loko o kā lākou lua no ʻehiku mau mahina lōʻihi (i nā wahi mahana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hibernation, ma nā wahi anuanu lōʻihi).
Hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka puka o ka lua me nā feces, ka honua, ka mauʻu. Mahalo i ka papa o ka honua a me ka hau ma luna o lākou, a me ko lākou mehana ponoʻī, pili pono nā tarbagans i kekahi i kekahi e mālama i kahi mahana maikaʻi.
Mea ʻai
I ka puna, ke hele aku nā holoholona mai kā lākou mau lua, e hiki mai ka manawa no ka molt kauwela a me ka pae aʻe o ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hānai ʻana. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, pono i nā tarbagans ke loaʻa ka manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka momona ma mua o ke anuanu hou.
ʻAi kēia mau holoholona i kahi nui o nā ʻano mauu, nāhelehele, nā mea ulu lāʻau. ʻAʻole ʻai lākou i nā mea mahiʻai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou e noho i nā mahina ʻai. Hānai ʻia lākou i nā mea kanu steppe, nā aʻa, nā hua. ʻAi ʻo ia i ka noho ʻana, ka paʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai me kona mau wāwae mua.
I ka puna, i ka wā e mau ana ka mauʻu, ʻai nui nā tarbagans i nā ipukū a me kā lākou mau rhizome. I loko o ka wā o ka ulu kauwela o nā pua a me ka mauʻu, koho nā holoholona i nā wana ʻōpio, a me nā ʻōpuʻu i piha i nā protein pono.
ʻO nā hua a me nā hua o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole i pau i ka ʻai i loko o ke kino o kēia mau holoholona, akā hele i waho, no laila hoʻolaha i nā māla. Hiki iā Tarbagan ke ale i 1.5 kg i kēlā me kēia lā. mea kanu.
Ma waho o nā mea kanu, komo pū kekahi mau kolo i ka waha - nā ʻalekeke, nā ʻūhini, nā ʻenuhe, nā nīnū, nā pupae. ʻAʻole koho nā holoholona i kēlā ʻano meaʻai, akā hiki i ka hapakolu o ka nui o ka papaʻai i kekahi mau lā.
Ke mālama ʻia nā tarbagans i loko o ka pio, hānai ʻia lākou i ka ʻiʻo, kahi a lākou e komo koke ai. Me kēlā papaʻai papa hana, loaʻa i nā holoholona nā kilokilo momona o kēlā me kēia kau. ʻAʻohe o lākou makemake i ka wai, inu liʻiliʻi lākou.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ma hope o ka hibernation, male kāne tarbagans. Lawe ʻia ka hāpai keiki no 40-42 mau lā. ʻO ka maʻamau ka helu o nā pēpē he 4-6, i kekahi manawa 8. ʻōlohelohe, makapō a kōkua ʻole nā keiki hānau hou.
Ma hope o 21 mau lā e hāmama ai ko lākou mau maka. No ka mahina mua a me ka hapa, hānai nā pēpē i ka waiū o ka makuahine, a loaʻa ka nui kūpono a me ke kaupaona ma luna - a i 35 knm a me 2.5 kg.
I ke kiʻi ʻo Tarbagan marmot me nā keiki
I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi mahina, haʻalele mālie nā keiki i ka lua a nānā i ke kukui keʻokeʻo. E like me nā keiki, pāʻani lākou, hoihoi a kolohe hoʻi. ʻIke ka poʻe ʻōpio i kā lākou hibernation mua ma ka lua o nā mākua, a ʻo ka makahiki aʻe, a i ʻole hoʻokahi makahiki paha, e hoʻomaka i ko lākou ʻohana ponoʻī.
I ke kūlohelohe, ola nā tarbagans ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, i ka noho pio ʻana hiki iā lākou ke ola a 20 mau makahiki. Mahalo nui ke kanaka momona tarbaganme nā waiwai kūpono. Hiki iā lākou ke mālama i ka tuberculosis, Burns and frostbite, anemia.
Ma muli o ka noi mua nui no ka momona, hulu a me ka ʻiʻo o kēia holoholona, Kāpena helu ʻia i kēia manawa Buke ʻulaʻula ʻO Lūkia a aia i loko o ka puke ma lalo o ke kūlana 1 (hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka make ʻana).
