Hoʻolahalaha kahi manu liʻiliʻi o ke kauoha passerine i kahi mele melodic, e hoʻopuni ana i ke mele me ke kani a me ke kani ʻana o ke kani. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka lepe a me ka pāʻani me nā mele like ʻole, akā ʻo kēia hoʻokahi mea mele - inā ʻoe e nānā pono hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi noho kokoke. ʻūlū.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka shrike mai ke kauoha o passerines. I ka helehelena, hiki ke kuhihewa ka manu no kahi bullfinch, akā i ka nānā pono ʻia ʻana he nuku hawk mana kona, e hōʻike maikaʻi nei i kāna kumu. He mea ʻaihue ia, mahalo i kona nui akahai a me ke kala camouflage, maʻalahi maʻalahi iā ia e kolo aʻe i kāna mea pio.
ʻOkoʻa ka manaʻo o ka manu manu a me ka manu mele, akā ua hoʻopau ke kūlohelohe i nā kālena ʻelua i kahi birdie liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻohana o passerines i ka manawa like. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, hīmeni mele Loaʻa iā ʻoe nā mākaukau noʻeau maikaʻi, pūʻiwa i ka poʻe hoʻolohe me nā roulades like ʻole, kope i ke mele a nā manu ʻē aʻe.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o kahi ʻūlū
Hiki i kahi shrike ke pahu i kahi pueo i kahi lālā no ka leʻaleʻa wale nō, a hoʻomakee paha i kahi falcon, me ka nānā ʻole i ka pilikia.
He ʻano hoaaloha loa - aia nā pilina paʻa loa i loko o ka ʻohana - kākoʻo lākou kekahi i kekahi, me ka pale ʻana iā lākou mai nā mea hōkai nui. Akā huhū loa lākou i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka inoa: "kau" mai ka huaʻōlelo o Slavic origin "put" - e kalaiwa. Kipaku ʻo ia iā ia iho a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe a puni iā ia, koe wale no nā ʻano liʻiliʻi e kūpono i ka ʻai.
ʻAʻole e nānā i ka hawk, ka pueo, ka murie, nā mea hoʻokūkū a pau o ke kaulahao meaʻai. ʻO ka inoa Lākina "ekscubitor" ʻo ia hoʻi he kiaʻi a kiaʻi kiaʻi paha, e hōʻoliʻoli kahi kiaʻi impudent i ka ʻimi holoholona no nā manu ʻē aʻe a holoholona paha, e hōʻike leo nui ʻana no ka pilikia e hiki mai ana.
ʻO ka nuku, he nuku i kaomi ʻia i hope, kahi nuku e like me ka makau, ke kumakaia i kahi mea ʻino e peʻe ana ma hope o nā hiʻohiʻona nani o nā passerines. ʻAʻohe o Pichuga i nā māiʻu hakakā ʻoi loa, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke hāpai i nā pio i hopu ʻia, e paʻa ana i kona mau wāwae.
Nā ʻano
ʻO Karl Linay i ka makahiki 1780 i loko o ka puke "System of Nature" i hoʻokaʻawale a wehewehe ʻia i nā ʻano shrike. Ma mua o kēia, ua kāhea nā mea kūlohelohe iā ia i ka murie hina hina, i ka waxwing polū. ʻO nā ʻohana pili loa ka ʻohana corvids.
ʻEiwa mau lāhui e noho nei, pūnana a hānau ma Lūkia.
- ʻO Japanese shrike (Lanius Bucephalus), ʻulaʻula, ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ma ke kua, ʻōiwi scaly i hoʻohālikelike ʻia;
- ʻO Tiger (Lanius tigrinus), ka nui maʻamau, ʻōniʻoniʻo hope, kaha ʻeleʻele i nā maka, ʻōpū hina hina, nānā ke akahai ka wahine - luʻuluʻu ke kala o ka plumage;
- Kūleʻa ke poʻo ʻulaʻula (Lanius senator), ʻeleʻele ke kua, ʻulaʻula ke poʻo, aia nā kaha keʻokeʻo ākea ma nā poʻohiwi;
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻulaʻula poʻo:
- ʻIkeleʻele alo ʻeleʻele (Lanius minor), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma ka nui o ka hina, ua kau ākea ka lae me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele, keʻokeʻo ka lalo me kahi aniani ʻalani, ʻokoʻa i kona mau ʻohana i kahi lele lele.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻeleʻele helehelena ʻeleʻele:
- Kūlehu hina (Lanius eckubitor), lae māmā, uʻuʻu pōkole, ʻāpana ʻeleʻele e holo ana ma o nā maka, keʻokeʻo ʻōpū;
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka hina hina:
- ʻO ka wedge-tail (Lanius sphenocercus), ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, kahi manu nui aku, kahi huelo lōʻihi lōʻihi, nā kaha keʻokeʻo ma nā ʻeheu a me nā poʻohiwi;
- Siberian Shrike (Lanius cristatus), kokoke loa shrike kinsmanpili i ke kauoha o passerines, ke poʻo a me ka huelo he ʻeleʻele māmā, uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū me kahi ʻano scaly hina hina;
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka Siberian shrike:
- Shrike ʻulaʻula (Lanius phoenikuroides), huelo ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, kino one;
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o ka ʻulaʻula huelo:
- Shrike Shrike ʻokoʻa, (Lanius collurio) ʻokoʻa mai ka Siberian i ke kala hina hina o ka huelo a me ke poʻo, ʻo ka kua i ka pale umauma, ka ʻeleʻele o nā maka.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā laha ka ʻāpana o ke kāʻei mehana a me ke kāʻei subarctic o ka hemisphere ʻĀkau, mai ka tundra ulu lāʻau i ka ʻākau a i ka steppes ma ka hema. Hoʻonui ʻia ka nohona i ka 50th parallel.
- Ka lōʻihi o ke kino 24-38 cm;
- Wingspan 30-34cm;
- Kaona 50-80 gram.
ʻO Habitat ma Rūsia: mai ka Volga a i nā kapuwai o nā hema o Urals, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka taiga Siberia, ma Yenisei, i loaʻa ma Bashkiria. Noho ka subspecies nahele-steppe ma Ryazan, Bryansk, Voronezh, Kaluga, nā moku ʻo Lipetsk. ʻO ka moku ʻo Moscow a me nā wahi e pili ana i kahi mau ulu lāʻau no ka ʻumeʻume ʻana i nā manu i nā wahi pūnana. Manaʻo ʻia ka lūlū Lūkini he nomadic, a ʻo ka poʻe hema he neʻe.
I ka wā o nā mokulele, ʻaʻole mamao ia mai nā wahi noho kanaka, ʻoiai he hilahila ka manu, ʻalo ia i ka hui ʻana me kekahi kanaka. Hele nā lāhui nomadic sedentary - i ka hāʻule a me ka hoʻoilo neʻe aku o nā manu i ka hema, e kū ana no ka hoʻoilo ma nā wahi hema o Ukraine, India, ʻApelika - hoʻomau ka neʻe nomadic mai ʻOkakopa a Malaki.
Loaʻa iā ʻEulopa ma kahi o 250 - 400 tausani mau kānaka. ʻO ka nui o nā manu i waena o ka Polesye Ukrainian-Belarusian, ma aneʻi ia e ʻike ʻia ai ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka wahi pūnana. Lele lākou i nā hipa a mele paha. Uhi nā wahi noho a me nā pūnaewele i ka ʻĀkau o ʻAmelika, ʻAsia, ʻApelika ʻĀkau.
ʻO Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve kahi wahi hoʻoilo no kēia laha ma Kamchatka. ʻO nā wahi punahele a ka manu i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe, i ka lei aliʻi paʻakikī paʻakikī e ʻike iā ia, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo mau i ke mele, no ka mea, lohe mau ʻia nā mele sonorous ma waena o nā lau nahele. Lohe i ke kanaka, ʻaʻole lele ka manu, lele wale ia i kahi ʻē.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ua lawelawe maikaʻi ka nui akahai, mālie ka shrike, me ka ʻumeʻume ʻole ʻana o ka nānā ʻana, nā ʻāina ma waena o nā manu liʻiliʻi i manaʻo ʻole ʻia. ʻAʻohe mea e nānā iā ia, ʻoiai ʻo ia e koho lohi i kahi manu liʻiliʻi no ka ʻaina awakea, e hoʻopuehu ana i ka mea ʻilihuna ʻilihuna. Hoʻolahalaha nā sparrows, akā ʻo ka mea pio i kona nuku.
ʻO ka hoʻolālā punahele a ka mea hōkai e nānā i nā meaʻai nona iho, mai kahi lāʻau lōʻihi, a laila ke lele nei i lalo i kahi kokoke. Inā loaʻa ka manawa o ka pahuhopu e lele ikaika, hopu ʻo ia iā ia e holo wikiwiki ana i kahi papa pālahalaha.
Kūpono ʻo ia i nā manu i ka lele - kolohe ka mea hahai holoholona i hopu ʻo ia i kahi manu, ʻoiai ma lalo o ka lima o kahi kanaka, ke hoʻāʻo nui ʻo ia e pakele. Ke komo nei i loko o ka ʻupena hei me ka ipu, ʻaʻole kū, hoʻomau i ka ʻeha i ka pāʻani i hopu ʻia.
Lawe ka shrike i kāna mea pio i kāna mau wahi punahele no ka pāʻina ʻana, ʻo ka maʻa mau i kahi laʻalāʻau kakalaioa me nā kākalaioa a me nā lālā ʻoiʻoi. Kui ka mea hopu iā ia i kahi kākalaioa, e wāwahi ana ia me kona nuku ʻoi. No ke aha ʻo ia e hana ai i kēia ala, ʻaʻohe wehewehe pololei nā biologists. Pēlā e hana ai nā lunamaka o nā lāhui āpau, i loaʻa ka inoa o kā lākou ʻano: Lanius - butcher.
ʻO ka shrike kahi manu manu lele i hiki ke hoʻouka i nā manu liʻiliʻi
Ke hiki mai nā makahiki ʻohi, kau ʻia nā lālā āpau i loko o ka wahi o ka pōwā me nā ʻiole a me nā manu. ʻO kahi manawa wīwī - nā ʻili a me nā hulu e kau wale ma luna o lākou. ʻO kēlā ʻano hoʻopaʻa e kōkua maʻalahi e hana maʻalahi me ka pāʻani i hopu ʻia, ʻaʻole e ʻae ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kākalaioa e heʻe a hāʻule paha i ka lālā.
E like me ka manu e aʻo ai i kā lākou keiki e lele, e ʻimi holoholona, a pēlā nō e aʻo ai nā leo uwā i ka hanauna hou e hou i ka nahele o ke kākalaioa. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ke aʻo ʻana, akā lawe mai ka hoʻomanawanui i nā hopena. Ma waho aʻe o nā manu liʻiliʻi, shrike maʻamau hopu:
- ʻO kā lākou mau māmela: nā rodine murine - voles, shrews, ʻiole ʻōpio;
- Nā moʻo nimble, nā rana, nā toads
- Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hihia o ka ʻimi ʻana i nā opeapea;
- ʻO nā kolo Hymenoptera a me Orthoptera (Mei nīnū, nalo, weevil);
- Nā pepe mayfly no ka hānai keiki ʻana;
- ʻNakō, nūnū, nananana.
I kekahi manawa hiki iā ia ke hopu i kahi manu i ʻoi aku ma mua ona, i ke kauwela ʻai lākou i nā blackberry, nā plum, nā fiku. Lele ʻo ia he 400-500 mau mika ma hope o ka meaʻai, ke kau nei ma luna o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia kaʻawale o ka hānau ʻana i ka lawe pio ʻana.
Hoʻokahi makahiki o ka makahiki ka wā ʻōpio, hoʻomaka ke ola ʻohana. Kūleʻa maʻamau pili i nā monogamous laha, manawa pūnana ʻApelila - Iulai. ʻO ka mea maikaʻi loa loa no ka pūnana ʻana, he mau pulu, nā kula pulu me nā puʻupuʻu, a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau hoʻokahi.
ʻO nā pūnana pū kekahi ma nā ululāʻau, nā ahi, nā wahi kua a i ʻole nā kihi nahele. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā pūnana ma nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā kumu lāʻau, e koho ana i kahi lālā mānoanoa. Kūkulu nā ʻano ʻokoʻa i nā hale ma nā kiʻekiʻe like ʻole, mai ʻelua a ʻeiwa mau mika ma luna o ka honua. I ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia nā pūnana no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani, e waiho ana iā lākou i ka hoʻoponopono puna.
ʻOluʻolu, melodic ke mele moʻo male, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi kaʻina paʻakikī o ka busting a me nā trills, ʻoiai he kau a nui ke kāhea o nā kāne, kāhea, kaomi ʻia e alualu i ka ʻenemi. Ke kulou nei ke keikikāne me ke kani kani i kāna mea i wae ai, walaʻau, hīmeni, peʻe ma waena o ka lei o kahi lāʻau, a laila hoʻomaka e lele lele i nā pōʻai.
Pili like nā kāne i ka hānau keiki, ʻokoʻa wale kā lākou kuleana. Mālama ke kāne i ka wahine, hīmeni i nā mele nani iā ia, koho i kahi wahi pūnana, kau i nā lālā nunui ma ke kumu.
Inā ʻae ʻia ka pilina, a laila hoʻomau ka wahine i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pūnana, a hoʻohui i nā lālā, nā lau o ka mauʻu. ʻO ka hopena he hīnaʻi plump, kau ia i waenakonu ka hulu hipa o nā holoholona mae a me nā hulu manu. Hoʻonohonoho kahi mea hana ʻēheu i ka piko o ka pūnana me ka mauʻu ʻōmaʻomaʻo, no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi a no ka nani paha.
Kūkākūkā me ke kāne kāne a hoʻomoe i nā hua manu. Hoʻomoʻa mau ʻia nā hua i ka hapa lua o ʻApelila a me Mei, i kekahi manawa loaʻa nā hua i kau ʻia i Iune, e waiho hou ana ma kahi o nā mea i ʻaihue ʻia e ka mea ʻaihue. Keʻokeʻo ke kala o nā hua manu me nā kiko kala ʻeleʻele.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka makahiki kiʻekiʻena e nā ornithologists ma Solowakia. Ua like ia me ʻeono makahiki.
Hoʻolilo ʻia ka hapalua mahina aʻe i ka hatch egg. ʻO ka Clutch maʻamau he 5 - 7 mau hua, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o 8 - 9, he 15 mau lā ka hoʻoulu ʻana. Ke hana nei ka makuakāne i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai nāna a me kāna wahine. Hoʻopiʻi nā Chicks i ka makapō, i ka wā pubescent ma nā barela. ʻAlani ka waha o loko, ʻōlinolino, i mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka manaʻo o nā mākua.
Hānai ikaika lākou i kā lākou keiki no ʻekolu pule. Haʻalele nā Chicks i ka pūnana i ka makahiki 18 - 20 mau lā, a ma hope o ʻelua mau pule ua kūʻokoʻa loa lākou. I Iune, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā manu lele ʻōpio mua, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hele mamao aku mai ko lākou mau mākua mai.
A hiki i ke kauwela, hoʻomau lākou e hoʻohana i nā meaʻai kōkua makua, a hiki i ka manawa e hōʻiliʻili ai i nā pūʻā. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hihia i ka hui ʻana o ka hapalua o nā moa me ka makuahine, a ʻo ka hapalua i hui pū me ka makuakāne.
Shrike moa
Helu manu ʻino ke emi wikiwiki nei ma muli o ka emi o nā wahi manuahi mai nā hana mahiʻai, ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi nui o nā pesticides. No ka mālama ʻana i nā laha, pono e mālama i kahi kūpono kūpono no nā manu kū pū, kahi pāpā i ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kemika i ka māla mahiʻai, a me ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā ʻano mālama kūlohelohe.
Ke komo nei ka Oksky Reserve i ke aʻo ʻana i nā wahi noho a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea ulu, ka pale ʻana i nā ululāʻau, ʻo ka nui o ka heluna o ka hina hina he 50 pālua ma 230 hectares. ʻO ka holomua pūnana i nā wahi hoʻopaʻa he 58%.
Aia nā pūnaewele pūnana pale ʻē aʻe i ka mālama kūlohelohe o Kandalaksha, Laplandsky, Central-Lesnoy. Mālama lākou i kahi noiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka wahi o nā laha, ka nānā ʻana i nā pūnaewele pūnana paʻa, a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā mea pili.
Ua helu ʻia ʻo Shrike i ka Red Data Book e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka
Pale aku ʻo Shrike e ka Red Data Book of Russia, ke kaiāulu o ʻEulopa no ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. ʻO ka Convention Berne i hoʻopili ʻia i ka Appendix No. 2 kahi ʻaelike ma waena o Lūkia a me India e pili ana i ka pale ʻana o nā manu neʻe, e like me ka shrike hina, nā huelo ʻeleʻele, ke Tiga, a me Siberian shrike.
Pono e mālama ke kanaka i ke ʻano a puni, ke komo pū nei i ka neʻe e mālama i nā lāhui ʻaneʻane make. ʻO nā kaiāulu kaiāulu o nā kiaʻi manu, nā ululāʻau, a me nā mea mālama pāʻani e pili ana i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻāina nahele a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā lehulehu o nā manu e ʻaneʻane pau.Shrike i ke kiʻi ʻano like me ka manu maluhia maikaʻi ʻole.
