ʻIgrunka

ʻIgrunka - kahi ʻano liʻiliʻi o nā mōneka o New World, kahi ʻōiwi o ka wao nahele ʻo Amazon. ʻIke ʻia kēia moʻo no kekahi o nā primata liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua, ke kaupaona ʻia ma kahi o 100 mau gram. ʻO ka inoa ʻo "marmoset" ke kūlike ʻoi loa no kēia pēpē aloha, i like maoli me ka liʻiliʻi, akā he mea pāʻani me ka mea pāʻani loa. Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aʻe, e nānā i nā pono i loko o kēia paʻi.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Igrunka

Manaʻo ʻia he ʻano ʻokoʻa ka pygmy marmosets mai nā moʻo ʻē aʻe, ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka genus Callithrix + Mico, a no kā lākou ponoʻī ponoʻī, ʻo Cebuella, ma ka ʻohana Callitrichidae. Aia ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā primatologists e pili ana i ka pololei o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka genus kahi e kau ai ka marmoset. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka interstitial retinol protein-binding nukle i loko o 3 mau ʻano o marmosets i hōʻike ʻia ʻo nā manawa o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka dwarf, ke kālā a me nā marmosets maʻamau mai kekahi i kekahi i hana ʻia ma lalo o 5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a he kūpono loa ia no nā ʻano o ka genus like.

Video: ʻIgrunka

Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka mahele hope o ka marmoset kālā (C. argentata) a me ka marmoset maʻamau (C. jacchus) i nā hui laha i ʻae ʻia e waiho ʻia i nā genera ʻokoʻa (ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka hui argentata i ka genus Mico) pehea ʻo Callithrix ʻaʻole ia he hui paraphyletic. ʻO nā haʻawina Morphological a me nā molekiola i hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomau o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i kahi e pili pono ai nā Monika Callithrix a ʻo Cebuella pygmy.

Aia ʻelua mau ʻāpana o C. pygmaea:

• Cebuella pygmaea pygmaea - akau / komohana marmoset;
• Cebuella pygmaea niveiventris - Kahiki hikina.

Aia kekahi mau ʻokoʻa morphological ma waena o kēia mau subspecies, ʻoiai hiki ke ʻokoʻa iki i ke kala a hoʻokaʻawale wale ʻia e nā pale ʻāina, me nā kahawai nui ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. ʻOkoʻa ka loli o kēia laha i ke kaumaha o ke kino mai nā ʻelele maʻamau o nā primates, ʻoiai he nui ka hōʻemi o ka holoholona i ka paona o ke kino. Hoʻopili kēia i kahi hōʻemi nui o ka intrauterine a me nā helu ulu postnatal, i hāʻawi i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka progenesis i ka ulu ʻana o kēia holoholona.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: Monkey marmoset

ʻO Igrunka kekahi o nā primata liʻiliʻi loa ma ka honua, me ka lōʻihi o ke kino o 117 a 152 mm a me kahi huelo o 172 a 229 mm. ʻO ke kaupaona o ke kaumaha o nā mākua ma luna o 100 wale nō. ʻO ka huluhulu hulu kahi hui ʻana o brown, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, gula, hina a ʻeleʻele ma ke kua a me ke poʻo a me ka melemele, ʻalani a me ka brown ma lalo. Aia nā apo ʻeleʻele ma ka huelo o ka mōneka, nā kiko keʻokeʻo ma nā papalina, a me kahi laina keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo ma waena o nā maka.

He poʻo poʻo hina ko Cubs a me kahi pulu melemele, me nā lauoho lōʻihi i uhi ʻia me nā kaha ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike ʻia kā lākou ʻano makua i ka malama mua o ke ola. ʻOiai ʻaʻole manaʻo ʻia nā mea pāʻani pygmy i ka dimorphic moekolohe, hiki i nā wahine ke kaumaha iki ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka lauoho lōʻihi e pili ana i ka maka a me ka ʻāʻī e hoʻohālikelike iā lākou me he mane liona lā.

Mea hoihoi: He nui nā adaptation o ka marmoset no ke ola lāʻau, me ka hiki ke hoʻohuli i kona poʻo 180 °, a me nā māiʻuʻoiʻoi e paʻa ai i nā lālā.

Loaʻa i nā niho o ka mōneka nā incisors kūikawā i hoʻololi ʻia e kuʻi ai nā lua i nā kumulāʻau a hoʻoulu i ke kahe o ke kohu. Hele ka pīpī pygmy ma nā lālā ʻehā āpau a hiki ke lele a i 5 m waena o nā lālā. He paʻakikī nā ʻāpana like hikina a me komohana e hoʻokaʻawale, akā i kekahi manawa he ʻokoʻa ko lākou lauoho kala.

Ma hea e noho ai ka marmoset?

Kiʻi: Igrunka i ke kūlohelohe

ʻO ka Igrunka, i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka mōneka pygmy, kahi ʻano o ka mōneka New World. Ke kau nei ka laulā o ka moʻo ma nā kapuaʻi o nā Andes ma ka hema o Colombia a me ka hema hikina o Peru, a laila ma ka hikina ma ka ʻākau o Bolivia a hiki i ke kahawai ʻo Amazon ma Brazil.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Igrunok ma ka hapa nui o ke kahawai komohana ʻo Amazon, me:

• Pelū;
• Palakila;
• Ekuakola;
• Kolomepia;
• Bolivia.

Loaʻa ka marmoset komohana (C. p. Pygmaea) ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Amazonas, Brazil, Peru, Colombia hema a me ʻākau hikina ʻo ʻEkuador. ʻO ka mōneka pygmy hikina (C. niveiventris) loaʻa pū ʻia ma Amazonas, a me Acre, Brazil, Peru hikina, a me Bolivia. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻelua i kaupalena ʻia e nā muliwai. Ma ke ʻano he noho, ola ka marmoset i loko o nā ululāʻau ulu mau loa, kokoke i nā muliwai a me nā ululāʻau i hoʻopiha ʻia e ka wai. Noho ʻo Igrunas i ka hapa nui o ka lā i nā kumu lāʻau, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e iho pinepine i ka honua.

Hoʻopili ka heluna lehulehu me nā lako meaʻai. Hiki ke loaʻa ka moʻo ma waena o ka pae honua a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau mika i nā kumulāʻau. ʻAʻole piʻi pinepine lākou i ka piko o ka uhi. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā Igrunks ma nā wahi me ka wai kū ʻole. Kūleʻa lākou i nā ululāʻau kahakai ākea ākea ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ʻia nā moʻo e noho ana i nā ulu lāʻau lua.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka mōneka dwarf marmoset. E ʻike kākou i kāna mea e ʻai ai.

He aha ka mea a marmoset e ʻai ai?

Kiʻi: Dwarf marmoset

ʻAi nui ka mōlika i ka nau ʻana i ka nau, ka kohu, ke kēpau a me nā mea huna ʻē aʻe mai nā kumulāʻau. ʻO nā incisors lalo elongated i ʻae ʻia e ʻae i ka maruña e ʻeli i kahi lua kokoke a puni i kahi kumu lāʻau a i ʻole kumu waina. Ke hoʻomaka ke kahe o ka wai mai ka lua, ʻohi ʻo ka mōʻī iā ia me kona alelo.

Hōʻike ka hapa nui o nā pūʻulu i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻai maʻamau. ʻOiai ʻo ka lua o nā lua i hana ʻia e nā mōneka i ka lāʻau ka haʻahaʻa, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia neʻe lākou i ka pahu o ka lāʻau, e hana ana i nā puka hou a hiki i ka wā e hana hou ʻole ai ka lāʻau i nā wai wai piha. Neʻe ka hui i kahi kumu hānai hou.

ʻO nā meaʻai maʻamau no nā marmosets:

• ʻūlū niho;
• ka wai momona;
• kēpau;
• latike;
• punawelewele;
• ʻūhini;
• butterflies;
• hua,
• pua;
• nā moʻo liʻiliʻi.

ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā lehulehu o nā marmosets hihiu i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i koho wale ʻia nā mea kanu e lākou. ʻO nā holoholona e koho i nā laha me ka exudate nui loa i ko lākou home pae. ʻO Exudate kekahi mea i kāpae ʻia mai kahi mea kanu. ʻO nā mea kolo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā ʻūhini, kahi kumu meaʻai i hoʻokipa ʻia ma hope o ka exudates.

Māhele hoʻi ka Igrunka i nā mea kolo, ʻo ia hoʻi nā butterflies, i ʻume ʻia e ka wai mai nā lua. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopiha ka mōneka i ka papaʻai me ka wai nectar a me nā hua. ʻO ka palena home o ka hui ʻo 0.1 a 0.4 hectares, a hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka hānai ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau lāʻau i ka manawa. Hoʻokomo pinepine nā tamamarins i nā lua i hana ʻia e marmosets e ʻahaʻaina ai i nā wai kanu.

Hōʻike nā marmosets kāne a me nā wahine i nā ʻokoʻa i ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka hana hānai ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ke kāne a me ka wahine ka noho aliʻi a me ka hana kolohe i laha e nā lāhui. Heʻuʻuku ka manawa o nā kāne e ʻimi ai i nā meaʻai a me nā kumuwaiwai hānai ma muli o nā kuleana o ka mālama ʻana i ka pēpē a me ka makaʻala no nā mea hōkai.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: marmoset maʻamau

Ma kahi o 83% o ka lāhui marmoset e noho nei i nā kauoha paʻa o ʻelua a ʻeiwa mau kānaka, e like me ke kāne nui, ka wahine pūnana, a i ʻehā mau keiki. ʻOiai ʻo ka hapanui he mau ʻohana wale nō ka hapanui, hiki i kekahi mau hale ke hoʻopili pū i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau lālā makua. ʻO ka marmoset ka diurnal. Mālama nā kāne i kekahi i kekahi, e hōʻike nei i kahi ʻano pilikino o ka pilina.

Akā me nā launa aloha ʻana, ʻo kēia mau ʻīlio nā holoholona teritori pū kekahi e hoʻohana i nā gland o ke ʻala e hōʻike i nā ʻāina a hiki i 40 km2. Koho lākou i nā wahi moe ma kahi kokoke i ke kumu hānai, a ala nā lālā āpau o ka hui a hele i waho e ʻimi i nā meaʻai ma hope koke iho o ka puka ʻana o ka lā. ʻIke ʻia ka hana kaiaulu ma waena o ʻelua mau piko hānai - hoʻokahi ma hope o ke ala ʻana, a ʻo ka lua ma ke awakea hope.

Mea hoihoi: Kūkākūkā nā lālā o ka hui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī e komo pū nā leo, kemika a me nā hōʻailona ʻike. Ke hilinaʻi nei nā kani kani kolu i ka mamao o ka hele ʻana o ke kani. Hiki i kēia mau mōʻī ke hana i nā hiʻohiʻona ʻike ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia a hōʻike paha i ka mana.

ʻO ka hōʻailona kemika e hoʻohana ana i nā huna mai nā ʻōpala i nā umauma a me nā umauma a me nā genital e hiki ai i ka wahine ke hōʻike i ke kāne ke hiki iā ia ke hānau. Hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻopaʻa i nā papa kū i luna me ko lākou mau māiʻu ʻoi i ka wā e hānai ana.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Baby marmoset

ʻO nā kaikamahine pāʻani ke manaʻo ʻia he mau hoa hui monogamous. Mālama ikaika nā kāne kūleʻa i ke komo ʻana i nā wahine hānau keiki. Eia naʻe, ʻike ʻia ʻo polyandry i nā hui me kekahi mau kāne. ʻAʻole hōʻike nā wahine i nā ʻōuli kūwaho o ovulation, akā ʻo nā noiʻi ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu i hōʻike ʻia hiki i nā wahine ke kamaʻilio i ko lākou ola hānau i nā kāne ma o nā olfactory cues a me ka lawena. I nā marmosets, ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi pilina ma waena o ka helu o nā kāne makua a me ka helu o nā keiki.

Hiki i nā wahine o nā mōneka manuahi ke hānau i 1 a 3 mau keiki, akā hānau pinepine ka hānau i nā māhoe. Ma kahi o 3 mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, komo nā wahine i ka postpartum estrus, i ka manawa e hānau ai ka male ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hāpai ʻana ma kahi o 4.5 mau mahina, ʻo ia hoʻi kēlā me kēia 5-6 mau mahina hānau ʻia kahi mau marmosets hou. He ʻōnaehana mālama pēpē ʻōpili loa nā Monika Dwarf, akā hoʻokahi wale nō wahine wahine i loko o kahi hui e hoʻohua i nā keiki.

Mea hoihoi: Kau kaupaona nā keiki hānau ma kahi o 16 g. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana no kahi o 3 mau mahina a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio ma waena o hoʻokahi makahiki a hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki, hiki lākou i ke kaupaona makua ma kahi o 2 mau makahiki. Noho mau nā ʻōpio i kā lākou hui a hala i hala ʻelua mau pōpō hānau. Pili pū nā kaikaina i ka mālama o nā pēpē.

Pono kahi keiki hānau hou i ka nānā nui, no laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā o ka ʻohana i pili i ka mālama e hōʻemi i ka nui o nā hola i lilo i ka hānai ʻana i nā keiki a hoʻoulu hoʻi i nā mākua makua. ʻO nā lālā o ka hui, ʻo nā wahine maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻolohi i kā lākou hana ponoʻī ʻana ma ka hoʻōki ʻana i ka ovulation e mālama ai i nā pua o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka hui. ʻO ka helu kūpono o nā kahu no nā marmosets pēpē ma kahi o ʻelima. He kuleana nā kiaʻi no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai no nā pēpē a kōkua pū nō hoʻi i ka makuakāne e kiaʻi i ka maka no nā mea hiki wī.

ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o marmosets

Kiʻi: Igrunki

Hāʻawi ka pigment melemele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā brown o nā marmosets i nā camouflage i nā wahi ulu lāʻau. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻomohala nā moʻo i ke ʻano o ke kamaʻilio e aʻoaʻo aku ai kekahi i kekahi o nā mea hoʻoweliweli e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, ko lākou kino nui e hoʻolilo iā lākou i waiwai no nā manu o nā mea pio, nā felines liʻiliʻi a me nā nahesa piʻi.

ʻO nā mea ʻino ʻike ʻia e hoʻouka kaua i nā marmosets me:

• manu ʻalalā (falcon);
• paina liʻiliʻi (Felidae);
• nahesa piʻi piʻi lāʻau (Nāhesa).

Me he mea lā ʻo ka hana nui a kēia mau primates liʻiliʻi i kā lākou kaiaolaola i kā lākou ʻano hanai mua, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i ke olakino o nā lāʻau a lākou e ʻai ai. ʻO nā primates hoʻokūkū nui ʻia e hānai pū ai hoʻi i nā exudates hiki ke hoʻoikaika i nā hui o nā marmosets liʻiliʻi mai ka lāʻau e hoʻohana i nā lua i wili ʻia ma mua. Koe ʻole no ia mau launa pū ʻana, pili ʻole ka pilina ma waena o C. pygmaea a me nā primates ʻē aʻe.

Mea hoihoi: Mai ka makahiki 1980, ʻo ka lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) i lawe ʻia e ka ʻiole maʻamau ka mea e loli nui ai i nā marmosets ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ua hopena kēia i nā laha nui o ka maʻi hepitis (CH) i waena o nā mōneka pio.

Hiki i nā ants ke komo i nā lua i lū ʻia i nā kumulāʻau, no laila ua koi ʻia e neʻe i ka marmosets. Hoʻopili ʻia nā mōneka Pygmy i ka parasite Toxoplasma gondii, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka toxoplasmosis make. Kaupalena ʻia ka ʻikepili ma ke ola o nā ʻīlio hihiu hihiu, akā naʻe, ʻo nā manu lele, nā felines liʻiliʻi a me nā moʻo piʻi piʻi nā mea heʻaihue maʻamau.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: Monkey marmosets

Manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole makaʻu nā mōneka pygmy i ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā helu ma muli o kā lākou hāʻawi nui. A ʻo kahi hopena, helu ʻia lākou i loko o ka puke ʻIkepili ʻulaʻula e like me nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kū kēia ʻano i nā mea hoʻoweliweli nui, ʻoiai e ʻeha paha kekahi mau kamaʻāina kūloko i ka nalo ʻana o kahi e noho ai.

Mea hoihoi: Ua helu mua ʻia ʻo Igrunka ma ka CITES Appendix I i ka makahiki 1977-1979 e pili ana i ka ʻoihana holoholona, ​​akā ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi ʻia ia i ka Appendix II. Hoʻoweliweli ʻia ia e ka nalowale ʻana o ka nohona ma kekahi mau wahi, a me ke kālepa holoholona ʻē aʻe i kekahi (e laʻa me Ecuador).

Pili ka pilina ma waena o nā kānaka a me nā marmosets me nā loli o ka lawena, e like me ka pāʻani kaiāulu a me nā kani kani, a he mea nui ia no ka kamaʻilio holoholona ʻana ma waena o nā laha. ʻOi aku i nā wahi o ka mākaʻikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, ʻo nā mōnika pygmy e noho mālie, ʻoi aku ka hakakā a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pāʻani. Hoʻoneʻe ʻia lākou i nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka waoakua ma mua o ko lākou makemake.

ʻIgrunka ma muli o kā lākou liʻiliʻi a me ke ʻano hoʻolohe, ʻike pinepine ʻia lākou i nā kālepa exotic no ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona. Hoʻopili ka mākaʻikaʻi i ka nohona me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hei o ka holoholona. Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kēia mau hunahuna i nā zoo kūloko, kahi e noho pū ai lākou i nā hui.

Lā paʻi: 23.07.2019

Lā hou: 09/29/2019 ma 19:30