Maliʻa paha, ʻaneʻane ʻike ka poʻe āpau i kahi iʻa e like me sabrefish... ʻO ka pinepine, hiki iā mākou ke noʻonoʻo iā ia i kahi ʻano maloʻo ma nā papa o nā hale kūʻai like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻono maikaʻi o ka sabrefish ka mea maʻa iā mākou, akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe āpau mai ka hana iʻa. E hoʻāʻo e hoʻohālikelike i kēia mea noho wai mai nā ʻaoʻao āpau, e loiloi ana i nā hiʻohiʻona o waho wale nō, akā, i ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻano, nā wahi o ka noho mau, nā nuances āpau o ka wā e lawaiʻa ana a me ka ʻai iʻa punahele.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Chekhon
ʻO Chekhon kahi ʻano iʻa iʻa e pili ana i ka ʻohana carp. I kona genus, sabrefish kekahi a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma muli o ke kumukānāwai oblong, ua like ke ʻano o ka saberfish me ka saber curved, akā ʻaʻole ia he ʻano like me ka paila bele a me ka lawa ākea. ʻO ka maneuvering pono i ke kolamu wai e kōkua i ka iʻa me kona kino pālahalaha ma nā ʻaoʻao.
Kāhea pinepine ka poʻe i ka sabrefish:
- Keka;
- he mea hoʻokipa;
- kaserole;
- saber;
- ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao;
- unahi;
- saber;
- me kahi pale.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Chekhon ma ke ʻano he iʻa wai hou, akā maikaʻi loa ia i ka wai kai paʻakai. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Chekhon i ka sedentary a me ka semi-anadromous. Ma waho, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa lākou, ʻo ka hope wale nō ka ulu nui a me ka wikiwiki. Noho nā kula iʻa iʻa hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi wai wai piha i ko lākou ola. ʻOi aku ka manaʻo o Semi-anadromous sabrefish i ka wai paʻakai a me ka desalinated o ke kai (e laʻa me ka Aral a me ka Caspian). Haʻalele kēlā mau iʻa i ka wai kai me ka hōʻea ʻana o ka wā ʻōnuna.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e mahalo nui nā mea aloha lawaiʻa i ka Caspian a me Azov chehon. Hoʻomaopopo pū ʻia ka lawaiʻa Don e ka nui nui a me ka momona momona, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ka Volga sabrefish, wiwi ka ʻiʻo, a liʻiliʻi nā ana.
Mea hoihoi: ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka sabrefish e noho ana i nā wai kai paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ia e ʻōhua wale i loko o nā kino wai hou, e lanakila pinepine ana i nā mile he nui e hiki ai i nā kahua wai huaʻai.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: iʻa Chekhon
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, aia i ka sabrefish kahi kumukānāwai like saber me kahi curvature ʻano ma lalo. ʻO ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka iʻa i pālahalaha ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻike maopopo ʻia ke aho dorsal pālahalaha a me ka ʻōpū protruding, ʻaʻohe unahi o ke keel. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka sabrefish a hiki i ka hapalua mika (i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi), a me ke kaupaona - a i ʻelua mau kilokilo, he kākaʻikahi ka iʻa nui. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike o ke sabrefish ma kahi o 500 gram.
Video: Chekhon
Liʻiliʻi ke poʻo o ka iʻa, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maka o nā maka nui ma luna ona, a ʻo ka waha, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻuʻuku, liʻiliʻi ia, piʻi i luna. Aia ʻo Chekhon nā niho pharyngeal i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā lālani ʻelua; ʻike ʻia nā niho e ke kū ʻana o nā notch liʻiliʻi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā peʻa o ka sabrefish i kahi ala ʻano ʻokoʻa, elongated nui nā pectorals, ma ke kua kahi puka liʻiliʻi i kahi mamao aku mai ka caudal. He ʻano ʻokoʻa ko ka fin anal, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka lōʻihi ma mua o ke kua, me kahi wēlau kokoke e pili pono i ka huelo ponoʻī. Nui ʻino nā unahi iʻa, akā hāʻule maʻalahi ke hoʻopili ʻia.
I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ke kala o ka sabrefish, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka pae nui ma aneʻi kahi gamut-keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, kahi i loaʻa i kahi ʻano pearlescent. Ke kūʻē aku i kēlā kāʻei kua, kū i waho kahi hina hina ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ʻōmaʻomaʻo iki. Aia ke kala i nā kala mai ka hina a i ka ʻulaʻula-uahi. He melemele ko ka lime pectoral.
Mea hoihoi:ʻAi aku ka iʻa i kona mālamalama nui a me ka hiki i nā unahi ke ʻālohilohi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kukuna kukui i kahi huna ʻili ʻokoʻa - guanine, nona nā waiwai o kahi kiʻi aniani oxide.
Ma hea e noho ai ka sabrefish?
Kiʻi: Chekhon i ka muliwai
Aloha ʻo Chekhon i ka lewa a me ka ākea, a no laila koho ʻo ia i nā waihona wai ākea a hohonu, e hui ana i nā ʻōnaehana muliwai nui a me nā waihona wai. Hoʻolahalaha nui ʻia ka iʻa mai ka Baltic a i ke kai ʻEleʻele. ʻO nā wai punahele e noho ʻia e nā sabrefish ʻo: Ladoga, nā loko ʻIlmen a me Onega, ke kahawai ʻo Pinilana, nā kahawai ʻo Svir a me Neva - pili kēia i nā wahi ʻākau o ka wahi iʻa.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka laulā, ua koho ʻo sabrefish i nā ʻōnaehana o nā kai aʻe:
- Azovsky;
- Caspian;
- Aralsky;
- Eleʻele.
He iʻa ʻo Chekhon o nā kino wai hou he nui, aia ma ʻAsia a me ka nui o ʻEulopa, noho nā iʻa:
- Volga;
- ʻO Boog;
- Dnieper;
- Kuru;
- Kuban;
- Don;
- Terek;
- Syrdarya;
- ʻO Amu Darya.
No nā waihona wai o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, loaʻa ka sabrefish ma Polani, Bulgaria, Kuekene, Pinilana, Austria, Kelemania, a me Hungary. Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻāpana sabrefish i nā wahi hohonu o nā loko, nā kahawai a me nā waihona wai. Makemake ke kauā i ka wai holo, koho i nā wahi ākea o nā kino wai me nā kūlike ʻole o ka lalo a me nā lua he nui. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻalahi ka sabrefish kelepona i ka wai, e neʻe ana i nā shoals holoʻokoʻa e ʻau i ke kahakai kahakai wale nō i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana.
Mea hoihoi: ʻO ka pinepine, noho ʻo sabrefish i nā papa wai waena.
Hoʻāʻo nō hoʻi ka iʻa e kāpae i nā wahi i ulu nui ʻia me nā mea kanu wai, nā wahi lepo, a i ka pō e hele ana i ka hohonu.
He aha ka mea e ʻai ai ka sabrefish?
Kiʻi: Chekhon ma Lūkia
Puka mai ka sabrefish no ka hopu holoholona mai ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, makemake ka iʻa e nahu:
- zooplankton;
- iʻa iʻa;
- nā mea kolo lele (mosquito, beetles, dragonflies);
- larva ʻelima;
- minnows;
- lōkahi;
- pohō;
- kaviara;
- ilo
Ke anuanu loa, ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka sabrefish e hele aku e hānai, a i ʻole hōʻole loa paha e ʻai no kekahi manawa. Hana ʻia ka mea like i loko o ka wā spawning. Akā i ka manawa e pau ai ke kau moʻo, hoʻomaka ka sabrefish i kahi zhor hiki ʻole. ʻOiai e ʻimi holoholona ana, ʻauʻau ka iʻa ma waena o ka palai i ka mālie piha, me ka hōʻike ʻole ʻana i kahi huhū, a laila, me kahi puka ʻoi loa a wikiwiki hoʻi, hoʻouka i ka mea pio, kauō iā ia i loko o ke kolamu wai.
Inā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lawaiʻa, a laila ma aneʻi e hoʻohana ai nā lawaiʻa i nā ʻano lure ʻokoʻa e hopu i ka sabrefish i aloha nui ʻia. Ma waena o nā maunu, nā ʻūlū, nā ʻūhū, nā ʻokena, nā lepo a me nā ʻenuhe, nā lele, nā ʻīlio, nā dragonflies, nā gadflies, nā maunu ola, a pēlā wale aku. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Chekhon e kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi: ke māʻona, lele i loko o ka hohonu.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki iā Chekhon ke hopu i nā mea kolo e puni ana i ka wai, pololei i ka lele, lele ka iʻa i waho o ke kolamu wai, lālau i kāna meaʻai māmā a lele nui i ka home.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Chekhon mai ka Red Book
Ua ʻike mua mākou ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi o nā iʻa me he semi-anadromous, ʻo lākou ka hapa nui o ka manawa i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i nā wahi estuarine i waiwai i nā meaʻai like ʻole. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka sabrefish he kau, ʻaʻohe mea ʻokoʻa mai ka mea i hala. Alakaʻi ʻo Chekhon i kahi nohona hui, makemake i kahi ola o nā pūʻulu. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana o kēia iʻa i loko wale nō o nā kino wai, pinepine ka sabrefish i ka ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau kilomita e kiʻi ai i nā kahua wai huaʻai.
Koho ʻo Chekhon i nā waihona wai me kahi lalo kōkua, uhi ʻia me ka nui o nā lua. I loko o lākou e hoʻolōʻihi ka iʻa i ka pō, kakali i ke aniani maikaʻi ʻole a me nā lā hau, peʻe mai ka wela nui. ʻO ka mea nui, hana ka sabrefish i ke kakahiaka nui, ke awakea a me ke ahiahi. Aia ia i ke ʻano o kāna papaʻai. ʻImi ka iʻa i ka ʻai a i ʻole nā kolo i ka ʻili a i ʻole nā papa wai waena. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Chekhon akahele, ʻaʻole ʻauʻau i loko o ke kahakai a hoʻāʻo e pale i ka wai papau. ʻIke kēia iʻa me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻoluʻolu i kahi hohonu mai 5 a 30 mau mika, ma aneʻi hiki ke hoʻomaha a ʻoi aku ka hopohopo ʻole.
ʻAʻole hiki ke makaʻu i ka sabrefish i ke kū ʻana o nā kahawai a me nā haunaele ma ka muliwai, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe, mahalo ʻo ia i ia mau wahi, no ka mea he maneuverability maikaʻi a kūpaʻa hoʻi ʻo ia, hoʻolei ʻo deft i ka hopu ʻana i nā ʻano meaola like ʻole. Me ka hōʻea ʻana o Kepakemapa, hoʻomaka ka sabrefish e ʻai ikaika, hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo, a laila hele i ka hohonu. Pono e hoʻohui ʻia ma loko o ke kau anuanu e hoʻomau ka hana a ka iʻa a hopu ʻia ma lalo pono o ka hau.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Chekhon
Ua hele a moekolohe nā wahine o ka sabrefish i ka makahiki o ʻekolu, a laila ma ka liʻiliʻi he 100 mau mika, ua mākaukau nā kāne no ka hana hou ʻana i ʻelua mau makahiki. Pili ka ulu ʻana o ka iʻa i nā wahi kikoʻī o kona noho ʻana, no laila ma nā wahi hema, hiki i ka sabrefish ke hoʻomaka hou i ka makahiki hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki, ma ke kūkulu ʻākau hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe kēia hana a hiki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 4 a i ʻole 5 mau makahiki o ka makahiki.
I ka pūnāwai, ʻākoakoa ka iʻa i loko o nā kula nunui, e neʻe ana i kahi e hānau ai. Hiki ke hala kēia wā mai ʻApelila a Iune, pili ia i nā kūlana o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau o 4 mau lā, hiki ke hoʻololi ke ʻano mahana o ka wai mai 13 a 20 mau kekelē me kahi hōʻailona hoʻohui. No ka spawn, koho ke sabrefish i nā wahi me nā haʻalulu a me nā shoals, kahi e wikiwiki ai ke au, e waiho ana i nā hua ma ka hohonu o 1 - 3. He aniani ka hua iʻa a 2 mm ke anawaena. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Chekhon he mea hana nui a hiki ke hana mai 10 tausani a 150 tausani mau hua, pili ia i ka makahiki o ka iʻa. ʻAʻole pili nā hua o ka sabrefish i nā mea kanu o lalo o ka wai a me nā pali pōhaku, lawe ʻia i lalo me ke kahe o ka wai, hāʻawi kēia iā lākou i ka oxygen e pono ai no ka ulu piha. ʻO nā wahine i kāhili i nā hua i lawe pū ʻia me ia e ke au.
Ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā, puka mai nā ʻuhū mai nā hua manu, e hoʻomau nei e neʻe pū me ke kahe o ka wai. I kēia mea, huakaʻi ka huakaʻi i kahi mamao mai nā kahua mokulele, ke huli lākou i 20 mau lā, hoʻomaka lākou e hānai ma plankton. No kahi makahiki hoʻokahi, hiki i ka sabrefish ʻōpio ke ulu a 10 cm. Ke hiki wale i ka iʻa he 6 mau makahiki ke hiki i 400 gram. ʻO ke ola iʻa o sabrefish ma kahi o 13 mau makahiki.
Mea hoihoi: Puka mai ka sabrefish i ka puka ʻana o ka lā, ke uhi mau ka ʻohu o ke ao i ka ʻilikai. Hana ʻia kēia hana ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa: hiki i ka iʻa ke lele kiʻekiʻe mai ke kolamu wai, lohe ʻia ke kani a me nā pīpī ʻana mai ka sabrefish piha i nā wahi āpau, a ʻo ia iho e ʻike pinepine ʻia mai ka wai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o sabrefish
Kiʻi: iʻa Chekhon
He lawa ka poʻe makemake ʻole i ka sabrefish, ka ʻōpio, ʻike ʻole a liʻiliʻi i ka nui, pale ʻole a palupalu hoʻi. ʻAi hauʻoli ka iʻa Predatory ʻaʻole wale i ka ʻai a me ka sabrefish liʻiliʻi, akā i kāna mau hua.
ʻO nā ʻenemi o sabrefish me:
- pike;
- pike perch;
- kuʻe
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano iʻa iʻa predatory, ke kali nei ka makaʻu i ka sabrefish mai ka lewa, no laila i ka wā o ka hānai ʻana i nā papa o ka wai, hiki i nā iʻa ke hāʻule i nā nalo a me nā moa wai ʻē aʻe. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea makemake maʻi ma luna aʻe nei, hiki i ka sabrefish ke ʻeha mai nā ʻano maʻi parasite i hiki ai i kēia iʻa ke maʻalahi.
ʻO kēlā me kēia mea e ʻōlelo ai, ʻo ka ʻenemi iʻa lawaiʻa weliweli loa ke kanaka, ʻoiai e lawaiʻa ana, hopu ʻo ia i ka sabrefish i nā nui me ke kōkua o nā ʻupena. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka kaulana o kēia iʻa no ka ʻono lua ʻole, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia nā pono o ka ʻai ʻana. Loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka kino o ke kanaka i ka ʻike calorie haʻahaʻa, hui pū ʻia me nā huaora a me nā macronutrients āpau, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kaʻina metabolic, ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana iwi, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pae kolesterol, a me ka hemo ʻana i nā waikawa weliweli.
ʻAʻole ʻeha ka sabrefish i nā lawaiʻa ʻoihana wale nō, akā, mai nā lawaiʻa maʻamau hoʻi, e hana mau nei, e hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa kahi iʻa nui aʻe. Hopu lākou i ka sabrefish me nā maunu like ʻole a me nā maunu e hoʻohana ana i kahi koʻokoʻo lana, koʻokoʻo wili, hoki (kahu hānai). ʻO ka koho hope loa i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi loa ka hoʻohiki a maikaʻi. Ua aʻo lōʻihi nā mea makemake i ka lawaiʻa i nā ʻano āpau a me nā ʻāpala o ka sabrefish, ʻike lākou i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka nahu hana i ke kakahiaka, ke hana nā iʻa i ka hānai ʻana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Chekhon ma Lūkia
E like me kā mākou e hoʻomaopopo ai, alakaʻi ke sabrefish i kahi ola aloha, hui like, ākea ka wahi o ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa, akā pili i ka helu ʻaʻole homogeneous. I kekahi mau wahi he nui (helu), a ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe he mea nui ʻole ia. ʻIke ʻia i nā ʻĀkau o ko mākou mokuʻāina (Ilmen, Ladoga, Onega, a pēlā aku.) ʻIke ʻia ka sabrefish e kahi kiʻekiʻe lehulehu.
I ke kīʻaha o ke kai Caspian, ua loaʻa i nā ichthyologists kekahi mau lehulehu o ka sabrefish - ka Ural a me ka Volga, ʻokoʻa ka iʻa i ka nui a me ka makahiki. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe noiʻi he nui a lehulehu ka lehulehu o nā kula o ka Volga sabrefish. Hoʻohui ʻia, ka heluna Volga, inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike iā ia me ka Ural, noho ʻia i nā wahi wai ʻoi aku ka nui. Aia kekahi hōʻike e pili ana ka nui o ka Azre sabrefish, kahi lehulehu o ka poʻe e noho ana ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Azov, mai kahi e holo ai nā kula iʻa i Don.
ʻAʻole ma nā wahi āpau ke kūlana me ka helu o nā holoholona sabrefish e holo maikaʻi nei, aia nā ʻāina kahi i hōʻole nui ai ka iʻa, no laila e hoʻolauna ʻia nā pāpā ma kāna lawaiʻa ma laila. ʻO kēia mau wahi e pili pū ana me Moscow a me ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow, kahi mai ka 2018 ua kapu loa ʻia e kiʻi i ka sabrefish ma nā kai kūloko. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea aʻe i ka papa inoa o nā wahi palekana like.
- ʻĀina ʻo Bryansk;
- Donets ʻĀkau;
- luna o ka Dnieper;
- Lake Chelkar (Kazakhstan).
Ma nā wahi āpau a me nā wai o ka wai, pāpā nui ʻia ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka sabrefish, ma muli o ka nui o ka nui, ma kekahi mau wahi i hāʻawi ʻia kēia iʻa i ke kūlana o ka ʻaneʻane make, no laila pono ia i nā hana pale.
Guarding saber
Kiʻi: Chekhon mai ka Red Book
I kahi kaʻawale o nā wahi, he iʻa liʻiliʻi ka sabrefish, a ua hōʻemi nui ʻia ka helu no nā kumu like ʻole: ka papau o nā kino wai, nā paʻa nui a me ka hōʻino ʻana o ke kūlana kaiaola i ka nui. E pili ana i kēia kūlana, ua helu ʻia ka sabrefish ma nā puke Red o nā moku ʻo Moscow, Tver, Kaluga, Bryansk. Pale aku ka iʻa ma uka o Dnieper, ma ka Northern Donets, ma ka wai o ka loko Kazakh ʻo Chelkar. ʻO nā kumu no ka helu liʻiliʻi o ka sabrefish i nā wahi i helu ʻia hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia i nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia ʻano iʻa, kahi i makemake i nā kahawai hohonu a hohonu o nā wahi hema he nui.
I kēia manawa hānai pinepine ʻia ka sabrefish, i nā ʻano hana, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe pono kūikawā no ia ʻano hānau.
ʻO nā hana pale nui e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana o nā holoholona o ka sabrefish me:
- ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā pāpā ma ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma kēlā mau wahi kahi i emi nui ai ka heluna kanaka;
- ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā hoʻopaʻi no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i ke sabrefish;
- ke alakaʻi nei i nā hana lawaiʻa i waena o nā lawaiʻa, e hoʻomaopopo ana e pili ana i ka hiki ʻole o ka hopu ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio a me ka iʻa o ke sabrefish e hoʻohana ai i maunu (maunu ola) no ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa ʻaihue nui aku;
- ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūlana kaiaola i nā wahi wai like ʻole i ka nui;
- ʻike a me ka pale ʻana o nā wahi iʻa iʻa.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i ka sabrefish ʻehaʻeha pinepine ma muli o kāna ʻono maikaʻi loa, ʻiʻo olakino, kahi e hoʻomākaukau ai kahi ʻano nui o nā pā. I kēia manawa ua aʻo mākou e pili ana i kēia iʻa ʻaʻole wale mai ka ʻaoʻao gastronomic, akā ua nānā pū kekahi i nā nuances nui o kona ola, ua aʻo i nā mea hoihoi a me nā mea aʻo. ʻAʻole makehewa sabrefish ua kapa ʻia ka inoa ʻo ka iʻa a i ʻole ka saber, no ka mea, me ke ʻano oblong a me ke ʻano iki, me ke ʻano silvery o nā unahi, e like me kēia mea kaua o ka wā kahiko.
Lā hoʻopuka: 05.04.
Lā hou: 15.02.2020 ma 15:28
