ʻO Isopod - kahi ʻohana nui mai ke kauoha o ka crayfish kiʻekiʻe. Noho kokoke kēia mau mea i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, me nā mea i loaʻa i nā wahi noho kanaka. ʻO lākou nā lunamakaʻāinana mua loa o ka holoholona i loli ʻole i loko o nā makahiki miliona, ke ola kūleʻa nei i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Izopod
ʻO nā Isopods (ravnon ogie) no ke kauoha o nā crayfish kiʻekiʻe. I ka hōʻuluʻulu, hoʻokomo lākou i nā ʻano crustacean he ʻumi a me ka hapa aʻe i maʻa mau i nā ʻano wahi like ʻole, e like me ka wai paʻakai a me nā ʻano ʻāina ʻokoʻa. Aia ma waena o lākou nā pūʻulu o nā crustacean i nā parasites.
ʻO kēia ke kauoha mua loa - ʻo nā mea mua i koe a hiki i ka wā Triassic o ka wā Mesozoic. ʻO nā koena o nā isopod i ʻike mua ʻia ma 1970 - he kanaka i hoʻololi ʻia i ke ola i ka wai. I loko o ka Mesozoic, noho nui nā isopods i nā wai hou a ʻo ia ka mea hiki ʻole ke hele i mua o lākou.
Video: Izopod
I kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe mea hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi i nā isopods i ka kaulahao meaʻai, ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻeha pinepine ʻia e nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike pū lākou i kahi kūpono kiʻekiʻe i nā ʻano kaiapuni like ʻole, i ʻae ai i kēia mau mea ola i mau miliona mau makahiki, me ka loli ʻole o ka physiologically.
ʻO ka wā mua o ka wā Cretaceous e komo pū ana me nā isopod wahie, i loaʻa i loko o ka amber. He mea nui lākou i ka pae ʻai o kēia au. I kēia lā, nui nā ʻohana i nā isopods, he nui nā kontroversial status.
He ʻokoʻa loa nā Isopods mai nā lunamaka maʻamau o ke kauoha o ke crayfish kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ia pū kekahi:
- pāpaʻi;
- muliwai kahawai;
- ʻōpae;
- amphipods.
Hoʻohanohano ʻia lākou e ka hiki ke hele ma ka lalo i ka wai, kahi poʻo me nā antennae koʻikoʻi nui, kahi ʻāpana a me ka umauma. ʻAneʻane pau nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha o ke crayfish kiʻekiʻe i waiwai i loko o ke ana o ka lawaiʻa.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Isopod Giant
He ʻohana nui ʻo Isopods o ka crayfish kiʻekiʻe, he ʻokoʻa nā lunamakaʻāinana mai kekahi i kekahi i ka helehelena. Hiki ke loli ko lākou nui mai 0.6 mm. I 46 cm (isopods hohonu hohonu). Hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia ke kino o nā isopod i mau ʻāpana, a ma waena o lākou nā ligament lawe lima.
He 14 mau lālā o ka Isopods, a mahele ʻia i nā ʻāpana chitinous hiki ke neʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kona mau wāwae e ko lākou kiʻekiʻe, i hana ʻia me ke kōkua o nā iwi iwi mānoanoa, i hiki ai i nā isopod ke neʻe me ka maikaʻi a me ka wikiwiki ma nā papa like ʻole - terrestrial a i ʻole ka wai.
Ma muli o ka pūpū chitinous ikaika, ʻaʻole hiki i nā isopod ke ʻauʻau, akā ke kolo wale nei i lalo. Mālama kahi lālā ʻelua i ka waha e hopu a paʻa paha i nā mea.
Ma ke poʻo o nā isopods aia he ʻelua antennae maʻalahi a me nā hoʻopili waha. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ʻo Isopods, ua hoʻoliʻiliʻi kekahi i ka ʻike, ʻoiai ʻo ka helu o nā maka maka i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa hiki ke hiki i hoʻokahi tausani.
ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā isopod:
- keʻokeʻo, haikea;
- kalima;
- ʻulaʻula;
- palaunu;
- ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele.
Aia ke kala i ka nohona o ka isopod a me kāna mau ʻāpana; ʻo ka mea nui loa he hana camouflage. I kekahi manawa ma nā pā chitinous hiki i kekahi ke ʻike i nā kiko ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo hoʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia me ka hoʻonohonoho simetretrical.
ʻO ka huelo o ka isopod he pā chitinous ākea i hohola ʻia, a he mau niho kona i waena. I kekahi manawa hiki i nā pā ke hoʻopili i kekahi i kekahi. Pono ka Isopods i kahi huelo no ka ʻauʻau kaka ʻole - ʻo kēia ka hana ʻana i ka hana o ke kaulike. ʻAʻole nui nā ʻāpana o ka isopod - eia nā hāhā hanu, ka naʻau a me ka ʻōpū. ʻO ka puʻuwai, e like me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ke kauoha, hoʻoneʻe ʻia i hope.
Ma hea e noho ai nā isopods?
Kiʻi: Isopod kai
Ua haku ʻo Isopod i nā ʻano noho like ʻole. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā laha, me nā mea parasite, noho i nā wai hou. Noho pū ʻo Isopods i nā moana kai paʻakai, ka ʻāina, nā wao akua, a me nā ʻano ʻāina like ʻole a me nā ululāʻau.
ʻO kahi laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa nā ʻano isopod nunui i nā wahi aʻe:
- Moana ʻAkelanika;
- Moana Pākīpika;
- Ke Kai ʻInikia.
Noho wale ia ma ka papakū ma kona mau kihi ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke hopu ʻia ka isopod pilikua ma nā ʻano ʻelua wale nō: e ka hopu ʻana i nā kino make i pae aʻe a ua ʻai ʻia e ka poʻe ʻokiʻoki; aiʻole e hoʻonohonoho i kahi pahele hohonu o ke kai me ka maunu e hāʻule ai ʻo ia i loko.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO nā isopod nunui, i hopu ʻia ma kahakai o Iapana, noho mau i nā aquarium e like me nā holoholona hoʻonaninani.
ʻO Woodlice kekahi o nā ʻano isopods maʻamau.
Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma kahi o ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā makemake lākou i nā wahi pulu, e like me:
- ke one ma kahakai o ka wai hou;
- ululaau;
- hale waiho hale;
- malalo o na pohaku i ka lepo;
- ma lalo o nā lāʻau popopo pala, i nā ʻōpala.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hiki ke loaʻa nā mokrits ma nā kihi ʻākau o Rūkia i nā hale a me nā hale waiho wahi kahi i pulu iki.
ʻAʻole aʻo ʻia nā ʻano isopod he nui, paʻakikī paha i kā lākou wahi noho a ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo pololei ʻia. Hiki i nā kānaka ke aʻo ʻia e nā kānaka, ʻoiai lākou e noho nei i ka mānoanoa o ke kai a me nā moana, e hoʻolei pinepine ʻia ma kahakai, a i ʻole nā ululāʻau a me nā māla, i kekahi manawa aia nō i nā hale.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka isopod. E ʻike kāua i kāna ʻai.
He aha ka ʻai a isopod?
Kiʻi: Izopod
Kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, hiki i nā isopods ke lilo i omnivorous, herbivorous, a i ʻole carnivorous. He mea nui ka isopod nunui i ke kaiaolaola o ke kai, keu hoʻi ka papakū o ka moana. He mau mea ʻānai lākou a lilo lākou i meaʻai na ka poʻe hōkai nui.
ʻO ka papaʻai o nā isopod nunui:
- kukama kai;
- huahuakai;
- nematodes;
- nā radiolarians;
- nā meaola like ʻole e noho ana i ka honua.
ʻO kahi mea nui o ka papaʻai o nā isopod nunui ka kohola make a me nā heʻe kolose, nona nā kino e hāʻule i lalo - nā isopoda me nā mea ʻimi kai hohonu e ʻai loa i nā koholā a me nā mea nunui ʻē aʻe.
Mea leʻaleʻa: Ma ka pukana 2015 o Shark Week, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi isopod nunui e hoʻouka nei i kahi manō i paʻa i ka pahele hohonu o ke kai. He katran ia, ʻoi aku i ka isopod i ka nui, akā ua hopu ka mea i kona poʻo a ʻai ola iā ia.
Hoʻouka pinepine nā ʻano isopods i ka ʻupena nui no ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa i ka iʻa kūpono i ka ʻupena a ʻai koke ia. ʻAno paʻakikī lākou i ka iʻa ola, mai alualu i ka mea pio, akā hoʻohana wale i ka manawa kūpono inā kokoke kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Mālama maʻalahi nā isopod nunui i ka pōloli, ke ola nei ia ma kahi ʻano neʻe ʻole. ʻAʻole lākou i ʻike pehea e kaohi ai i ka manaʻo o ka māʻona, no laila i kekahi manawa ke nānā lākou iā lākou iho a hiki i kahi o ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe. ʻO nā isopods terrestrial e like me nā kolo wahie ka hapanui o ka lau nahele. ʻAi lākou i ka compost a me nā mea kanu hou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hōʻole kekahi ʻano laha i ke kino a me nā ʻāpana make i make.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Hiki i nā Woodlice nā mea ʻino ʻelua, ʻai i nā mea kanu nui, a me nā mea ola maikaʻi e luku i nā nāhelehele.
Aia kekahi ʻano parasite o isopods. Pili lākou i nā crustacean a me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, kahi e hoʻopōʻino i nā mea lawaiʻa he nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Isopod Giant
ʻAʻole hoʻonāukiuki ka isopod wai a me nā woodlice i ke kūlohelohe. ʻO nā isopods aquatic, i kekahi manawa he predators ʻeleu, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā mea pio liʻiliʻi, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i ka huhū kūpono ʻole. Makemake lākou e peʻe i ka honua, ma waena o nā pōhaku, nā ʻaʻa a me nā mea i pohō.
Noho wale nā isopod wai, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou he ʻāina. Hiki iā lākou ke kuʻikahi me kekahi, a inā no kekahi mea ʻē aʻe kekahi a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi, a laila hiki i nā isopod ke hōʻike i ka cannibalism a hoʻouka i kahi lunamakaʻāinana o kā lākou genus. Alualu lākou i ke ao a me ka pō, e hōʻike ana i ka palena iki o ka hana i ʻole e hopu ʻia e nā mea nui nui.
Noho ʻo Woodlice i nā hui nui. ʻAʻohe o kēia mau mea ola i ka dimorphism moekolohe. I ke ao, peʻe lākou ma lalo o nā pōhaku, ma waena o nā kumulāʻau popopo, ma nā hale wai a me nā wahi panoa i kaʻawale, a i ka pō hele lākou e hānai. ʻO kēia hana ma muli o ka defenselessness ʻole o nā lāʻau āpau e pili ana i nā pepeke predatory.
Ke ʻimi mau nei nō hoʻi nā isopod nunui. ʻAʻole like me nā subspecies ʻē aʻe, huhū kēia mau mea a hoʻouka i nā mea āpau e kokoke ana iā lākou. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻouka i nā meaola i ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o lākou, a ʻo kēia ke kumu o ko lākou makemake ʻole hiki ʻole ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Hiki i nā isopod nunui ke ʻimi ʻimi, neʻe i ka papakū o ka moana, a lilo ia i mea nāwaliwali i nā mea hōkai nui maoli.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Isopods
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāpana isopod he heterosexual a hānau hou ma o ka hoʻopili pololei ʻana ma waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne. Akā i waena o lākou he hermaphrodites i hiki ke hana i nā hana o nā kāne ʻelua.
ʻO nā isopods like ʻole he mau nuances ponoʻī o ka hana hou ʻana:
- he spermatozoa nā kiki wahie wahine. I Mei a ʻApelila paha, pili lākou me nā kāne, e hoʻopiha ana iā lākou i ka semen, a ke nui lākou, ua haki lākou a komo ka semen i loko o nā oviduct. Ma hope o kēlā, ʻo nā wahine i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, hoʻololi kona ʻano: ma waena o ka ʻelima a me ke ono o nā wāwae, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi lumi brood. Ma laila ʻo ia e hali ai i nā hua momona, i ulu i mau mau lā. Lawe pū ʻo ia i nā makika lāʻau hānau hou me ia. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia kahi ʻāpana o ka hua a hoʻomomona i ka hua o nā hua hou, a laila e ninini hou ka louse wahie a ʻano hou kona ʻano;
- ʻo ka isopods nunui a me ka hapanui o nā ʻano wai i hoʻouluulu ʻia i ka wā ulu a me nā mahina hoʻoilo. I ka wā o ka moʻo ʻana, hana nā wahine i ke keʻena brood, kahi e waiho ai nā hua momona ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Hāpai ʻo ia iā lākou me ia, a nānā pū nō hoʻi i nā isopods hou i pāhola ʻia, a noho pū nō hoʻi i kēia keʻena no kekahi manawa. ʻO nā pahu o nā isopod nunui ke nānā aku e like me ka poʻe mākua, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou mau wāwae mua e paʻa ai;
- ʻo kekahi ʻano o nā isopod parasite he hermaphrodites, a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohua ma o ka moekolohe a me ka hoʻomomona ʻana iā lākou iho. Aia nā hua i ka ʻauʻau manuahi ʻana, a pili nā isopod i pāpale ʻia i nā ʻōpae a iʻa liʻiliʻi paha, e ulu ana ma luna o lākou.
Noho nā isopods terrestrial ma ka awelika 9 a 12 mau mahina, a ʻike ʻole ʻia ke ola o nā isopod wai. Hiki i nā isopod nunui e noho nei i nā aquarium ke ola a 60 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o isopods
Kiʻi: isopod kai
Mālama ʻo Isopods i meaʻai na nā mea neʻe he nui a me nā omnivores. ʻAi ʻia nā isopod wai e nā iʻa a me nā crustacean, a hoʻouka kekahi heʻe i kekahi manawa.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā isopod nunui e:
- manō nui;
- heʻe;
- nā isopoda ʻē aʻe;
- iʻa hohonu hohonu.
He mea weliweli ka ʻimi ʻana i ka isopod nunui, no ka mea hiki i kēia mea ola ke hāʻawi i kahi rebuff koʻikoʻi. Kaua nā isopod nunui i ka hopena a ʻaʻole hoʻi i hope - inā lanakila lākou, ʻai lākou i ka mea hōʻeha. ʻAʻole nā Isopod nā mea ola momona loa, ʻoiai he nui nā ʻano (e like me nā lāʻau) i kuleana nui i ka kaulahao meaʻai.
Hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā isopods terrestrial e:
- manu;
- nā pepelu ʻē aʻe;
- nā koʻekoʻe liʻiliʻi;
- crustaceans.
ʻAʻohe ʻano hana pale a Woodlice ma mua o ke kō ʻana i luna i kinipōpō, akā kōkua iki kēia iā lākou i ke kaua kūʻē i ka poʻe hoʻouka kaua. ʻOiai ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka ʻai ʻana o nā makika wahie e nā mea ʻaihue he nui, mālama lākou i ka lehulehu, no ka mea momona loa lākou.
I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, wili aʻe nā isopod i kahi pōpō, e hōʻike ana i kahi iwi chitinous ikaika i waho. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻokū i nā nahele e makemake e ʻahaʻaina i nā moʻo wahie: ʻōwili wale lākou i nā makika wahie i ka anthill, kahi e hiki ai i kahi hui o nā ants ke mālama pono iā ia. Hiki i kekahi iʻa ke ale i ka isopod inā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke nahu ma ia mea.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Isopod i ke kūlohelohe
ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā ʻano isopod i ʻike ʻia me ka luku ʻia, ʻaʻole lākou i loko o ka Red Book a ʻaʻole i helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano kokoke loa i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make. ʻO ka Isopods kahi meaʻono i nā ʻāina he nui a puni ka honua.
He paʻakikī kā lākou lawaiʻa no nā kumu he nui:
- heʻuʻuku loa nā ʻano isopods i loaʻa, no laila ʻaʻohe o lākou waiwai waiwai: ʻo ka hapa nui o ko lākou kaumaha he pūpū chitinous;
- paʻakikī loa nā isopods nunui e hopu i kahi pālākiō, ʻoiai ke noho wale nei lākou i ka hohonu;
- He ʻono kikoʻī kā ka ʻiʻo Isopod, ʻoiai hoʻohālikelike ka poʻe he nui i ka ʻōpae paʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: I ka makahiki 2014, i ka Japanese Aquarium, hōʻole kekahi o nā isopod nunui e ʻai a noho kau. No ʻelima mau makahiki, ua manaʻo ka ʻepekema e ʻai malū ana ka isopod, akā ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi autopsy ʻaʻohe meaʻai i loko o ia mea, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o ka luhi i ke kino.
Hiki i nā isopods terrestrial, hiki ke ʻai i ka wahie, ke hana i kahi mea mai nā polymers e hana ma ke ʻano he wahie. Ke aʻo nei nā ʻepekema i kēia hiʻohiʻona, no laila i ka wā e hiki mai ana hiki ke hana i ka biofuel me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā isopods.
ʻO Isopod - kahi mea ola kupaianaha. Ua ola lākou i mau makahiki he mau miliona, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi iki a he mau mea nui nō ia o nā kaiaolaola like ʻole. Noho maoli ʻo Isopods i ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā i ka manawa like, no ka hapa nui, noho lākou i nā mea maluhia e hoʻoweliweli ʻole i nā kānaka a me nā ʻano meaola ʻē aʻe.
Lā paʻi: 21.07.2019
Lā hou: 11.11.2019 ma 12:05
