Nui ka nui o ka wai ma ka Honua, nā kiʻi mai kahi ākea e hōʻoia i kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo. A i kēia manawa aia nā hopohopo e pili ana i ka wikiwiki o ka wai o kēia wai. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai o ka hoʻohaumia nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia o ka wai neonehe home a me nā ʻenehana i ka Honua Honua, nā mea radioactive.
Nā kumu o ka haumia o nā wai o ka Moana Honua
Ua paio mau ka poʻe i ka wai, ʻo kēia mau panalāʻau i hoʻāʻo ka poʻe e haku ma mua. Ma kahi o kanaono pākēneka o nā kūlanakauhale nui āpau e waiho ana ma ke kahakai. No laila ma ke kahakai o ke Kaiwaenahonua he mau mokuʻāina me ka heluna kānaka o ʻelua haneli me kanalima miliona kānaka. A i ka manawa like, hoʻolei nā hale hana nui i loko o ke kai ma kahi o kahi mau kaukani tona o nā ʻano ʻōpala, e like me nā kūlanakauhale nui a me nā kahawai. No laila, ʻaʻole e kahaha kekahi i ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka wai no kahi laʻana, aia ma laila kahi nui o nā microorganism weliweli.
Me ka ulu ʻana o ka helu o nā kūlanakauhale a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā ʻōpala i ninini ʻia i loko o ka moana. ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i kahi waiwai kūlohelohe nui ke hoʻohana hou i nā ʻōpala. Aia kekahi mea make o ka holoholona a me nā mea ulu, nā kapakai a me nā kai, ka hāʻule o ka ʻoihana iʻa.
Ke hakakā nei lākou i ka haumia i ke kūlanakauhale ma ke ala aʻe - hoʻolei ʻia ka ʻōpala mai ke kahakai a i nā hohonu hohonu e hoʻohana ana i nā mile o nā paipu. Akā ʻaʻole kēia e hoʻonā iki i kekahi mea, akā hoʻopaneʻe wale kēia i ka manawa no ka luku ʻia o nā flora a me nā holoholona o ke kai.
Nā ʻano haumia o nā moana
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoʻohaumia nui o nā wai kai ka aila. Hiki i laila i kēlā me kēia ala kūpono: i ka wā o ka hāʻule ʻana o nā mea lawe aila; nā ulia ma nā wahi aila o waho, ke lawe ʻia ka aila mai ka kai. Ma muli o ka aila, make ka iʻa, a ʻo kahi mea e ola nei he ʻono maikaʻi ʻole a ʻala hoʻi. Ke make nei nā manu kai, i ka makahiki wale nō i hala, kanakolu kaukani mau ʻāpelu i make - nā ʻāpana huelo lōʻihi kokoke i Kuekene ma muli o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma luna o ka wai. ʻO ka aila, lana i ke kai, a holo i kai, hana kūpono ʻole i nā wahi hoʻolauleʻa he nui no ka leʻaleʻa a me ka ʻauʻau ʻana.
No laila ua hana ʻo Intergovernmental Maritime Society i kahi ʻaelike e like me ka hiki ʻole ke hoʻolei ʻia ka aila i loko o ka wai he kanalima kilomita mai ke kahakai, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mana moana kai kau inoa iā ia.
Hoʻohui, kū mau ka hoʻohaumia radioactive o ke kai. Hana ʻia kēia ma o nā kahe ʻana o nā reactors nuklella a mai nā submarines nukleu sunken, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi loli i flora a me nā holoholona, ua kōkua ʻia i kēia e ke au a me ke kōkua o nā kaulahao meaʻai mai plankton a iʻa nui. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nā mana nukelea he nui i ka moana e hoʻonoho i nā pahi kaua kaua nukelea no nā moku kai lalo a hoʻolilo i nā ʻōpala nukle i lilo.
ʻO kekahi o nā pōʻino kai ka pua o ka wai, pili i ka ulu ʻana o ka limu. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i kahi hōʻemi o ka lawaiʻa salmon. ʻO ka hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻana o ka limu ma muli o ka nui o nā microorganism i kū mai ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hoʻolei ʻōpala ʻoihana. A ʻo ka hopena, e kālailai i nā ʻano hana o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ʻoe iho i ka wai. Māhele ʻia lākou i ʻekolu ʻano.
- Kemika - waiwai ka wai paʻakai i nā hui kemika like ʻole, kahi e hana ʻia ai nā hanana oxidative ke komo ka oxygen, a me ka irradiation me ke kukui, a ʻo ka hopena, hana maikaʻi ʻia nā toxins anthropogenic. Noho nā paʻakai ma muli o ka hopena ma lalo wale nō.
- ʻO Biological - ka nui o nā holoholona kai e noho ana ma lalo, e hele i loko o kā lākou gills a pau ka wai o ke kahakai a hana ma laila he kānana, ʻoiai make lākou i mau kaukani.
- Mīkini - ke holo mālie ke kahe, piʻi ka mea i kāpae ʻia. ʻO ka hopena ka hoʻopau hope loa ʻana o nā mea anthropogenic.
Ka hoʻohaumia kemikala o ke kai
I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻonui pinepine ʻia ka wai o ka moana Honua e nā ʻōpala mai ka ʻoihana kemika. No laila, ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o ka arsenic i ka wai kai. Hoʻonawaliwali ʻia ke kaulike kaiapuni e nā metala kaumaha e like me kēpau a me zinc, nickel a me cadmium, chromium a me keleawe. ʻO nā ʻano pesticides āpau, e like me endrin, aldrin, dieldrin, pū kekahi e hōʻino ai. Hoʻohui ʻia, ka waiwai tributyltin chloride, i hoʻohana ʻia e pena i nā moku, kahi hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā kamaʻāina kai. Pale ia i ka ʻili mai ka ulu nui ʻana me nā limu a me nā pūpū. No laila, pono e hoʻololi i kēia mau mea āpau me nā mea ʻona liʻiliʻi i mea e hōʻeha ʻole ai i nā flora kai a me nā holoholona.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka haumia o nā wai o ka Honua Honua ʻaʻole wale me ka hana kemika, akā me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka hana a ke kanaka, ʻo ia hoʻi, ka ikehu, kaʻa, metallurgy a me nā meaʻai, ʻoihana māmā. ʻO nā pono, ka mahiʻai, a me nā halihali e hōʻino like. ʻO nā kumuwaiwai pinepine o ka hoʻohaumia wai ka ʻenehana a me nā ʻōpala, a me nā mea hoʻomomona a me nā lāʻau make.
Hāʻawi ka ʻōpala e nā kālepa a me nā ʻauwaʻa lawaiʻa a me nā pahu wai ʻaila i ka haumia o ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka hana a ke kanaka, ʻo nā mea e like me ka mercury, nā mea o ka hui dioxin a me PCB e komo i loko o ka wai. Ke hōʻiliʻili nei i loko o ke kino, hoʻonāukiuki nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka helehelena o nā maʻi koʻikoʻi: hoʻohaunaele ka metabolism, hoʻemi ʻia ka palekana, hana hewa ka ʻōnaehana hānau, a ʻike ʻia nā pilikia koʻikoʻi me ke ake. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā mea kemika ke hoʻohuli a hoʻololi i nā genetics.
Ka hoʻohaumia i ka moana e nā lula
Hana ʻia nā ʻōpala ea i nā huhui holoʻokoʻa a me nā stains i ka wai o ka Pākīpika, ʻAkelanika a me nā moana ʻInia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpala e ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā ʻōpala mai nā wahi kahakai ākea. ʻO ka pinepine, ale nā holoholona o ke kai i nā pūʻolo a me nā huna liʻiliʻi o ka ea, hoʻohuikau iā lākou me ka meaʻai, a hiki i ko lākou make.
Ua pālahalaha aku ka plastic i hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā wai subpolar. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia aia ma nā wai wale nō o ka Moana Pākīpika ka nui o nā ea i hoʻonui ʻia e 100 mau manawa (ua mālama ʻia nā noiʻi i nā makahiki he kanahā i hala. Hiki i nā huna liʻiliʻi ke hoʻololi i ka nohona kai maoli. I ke kaʻina o nā helu, ma kahi o 90% o nā holoholona e make ana ma kahakai i luku ʻia e nā ʻōpala palolo, a kuhi hewa ʻia no ka meaʻai.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka slurry e hana nei ma ke ʻano he hopena o ka decomposition o nā mea ea kahi mea weliweli. Ke ʻaʻa nei i nā mea kemika, make nā poʻe o ke kai iā lākou iho i ka ʻeha nui a me ka make. E hoʻomanaʻo e hiki nō i nā kānaka ke ʻai i ka iʻa i haumia me nā ʻōpala. Loaʻa i kāna ʻiʻo ka nui o ke kēpau a me ka mercury.
Nā hopena o ka haumia o nā moana
Hoʻokumu ka wai haumia i nā maʻi he nui i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona. ʻO ka hopena, ke emi nei nā heluna o nā flora a me nā holoholona, a ke make nei kekahi. ʻO kēia mau mea āpau i nā hoʻololi honua i nā kaiaolaola o nā wahi wai āpau. Pau nā moana āpau i haumia. ʻO kekahi kai hoʻohaumia nui ʻia ke Kaiwaenahonua. Kahe ka wai mai 20 mau kūlanakauhale i loko o laila. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi nā mākaʻikaʻi mai nā wahi kaiāulu kaulana i kahi kōkua maikaʻi ʻole ʻO nā kahawai ʻoi loa o ka honua ka Tsitarum ma Indonesia, nā Ganges ma India, ka Yangzi ma Kina a me ka Mōʻī King ma Tasmania. Ma waena o nā loko i hoʻohaumia ʻia, kapa ka poʻe loea i ka Great North American Lakes, Onondaga ma United States a me Tai ma Kina.
ʻO ka hopena, nui nā loli i ka wai o ka Honua Honua, ma muli o ka hopena e nalowale ai nā hanana kaiapuni o ka honua, hoʻokumu ʻia nā mokupuni ʻōpala, pua ka wai ma muli o ka hana hou ʻia ʻana o ka limu, piʻi ka mahana, hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomehana honua He koʻikoʻi loa ka hopena o kēia mau kaʻina hana a ʻo ka hoʻoweliweli nui ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi lohi o ka hana oxygen, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka waiwai o ke kai. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki ke nānā ʻia nā hanana maikaʻi ʻole i nā wahi like ʻole: ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maloʻo ma kekahi mau wahi, nā kahawai, nā kai eʻe. ʻO ka pale o ke kai ka pahuhopu nui no nā kānaka āpau.
