ʻAneʻane ka poʻe a pau i lohe i ka ʻōlelo capelin hoʻomanaʻo koke i ka ʻono o kēia iʻa liʻiliʻi. Kaulana loa ia e paʻakikī ʻole ʻoe e launa me kahi kanaka i hoʻāʻo ʻole. Nui aʻe ko mākou hoihoi i ka capelin ʻaʻole i nā ʻōlelo gastronomic, akā i ka ʻāpana o kāna hana iʻa. He paʻakikī e manaʻoʻiʻo he keiki predator kēia pēpē. E hoʻāʻo e ʻike e pili ana i kēia iʻa i ke kikoʻī, e hoʻomaka me ka mōʻaukala o kona kumu a me nā hiʻohiʻona o waho a hoʻopau me ka helu o nā holoholona, ʻoiai ʻaʻole e poina e haʻi i nā mea hoihoi loa e pili ana i capelin.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Capelin
Kāhea ʻia ʻo Capelin he uyok, he iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia no ke kauoha puhipuhi, ka ʻohana huluhulu a me ka genel capelin. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻokoʻa kēia ʻohana iʻa e nā ʻelele liʻiliʻi, hiki i ka lōʻihi keu o ia i 40 cm, akā ʻo ka pinepine o ka lōʻihi o kēia iʻa ʻaʻole e hele i waho o ka palena 20-centimeter, kūpono loa ia no nā palena o capelin. ʻO ke kino o ka smelt he ʻano elongated, a ua hoʻomalu ʻia ke kala e kahi kala kālā.
I ka nānā mua ʻana, like paha ka capelin me kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi nondescript, kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia ai nā unahi. I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka nui o capelin, pono e hoʻomaopopo i ke alo o ka dimorphism moekolohe i kēia iʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne capelin, loaʻa ka waha a me nā lush lush. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine, ke nānā aku maʻamau, akā he caviar ʻono. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hemo ʻana i nā kāne, ʻikea kekahi mea e like me nā unahi bristly, e like me nā lauoho. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea he pono lākou e launa pū me nā wahine.
Mea hoihoi: Mahalo i kēia mau unahi, aia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino iʻa, kāhea ka Palani capelin chaplain.
I ke kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i ka inoa o ka iʻa, pono e hoʻohui ʻia he aʻa Karelian-Finnish kāna. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo ʻo ka iʻa liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he maunu e hopu i nā iʻa nui (ka cod nui). Ma Finnish, unuhi ʻia ka inoa "maiva" ma ke ʻano he "ʻāpana keʻokeʻo ʻōpio". Kāhea ka poʻe kamaʻāina ʻōlelo Lūkia hikina i ka iʻa "uyok". Kamaʻilio kekahi ʻepekema noiʻi e pili ana i ʻelua mau ʻāpana o capelin, kahi e ʻike ʻia e nā wahi noho mau.
Hoʻokaʻawale lākou:
- Kapelika ʻAkelanika;
- Kapelika capelin.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Capelin iʻa
Heʻuʻuku ka nui o ka capelin, ʻokoʻa ka lōʻihi o kona kino mai 15 a 25 cm, a ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 50 gram. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi ʻo ka capelin nui loa e noho nei i ke kai o Iapana. ʻO nā kāne o kēia iʻa he 24 kenimika ka lōʻihi a he 54 gram kaupaona.
Hoʻolālā ʻia ke kumukānāwai capelin, streamline, pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko ka iʻa, akā ʻike ʻia ia e ke alo o kahi waha waha ākea. ʻO nā iwi o nā iwi ā luna o kēia ʻano iʻa e pau i ka ʻāina o ka maka o ka maka. ʻO Capelin ka mea nona nā niho waena, lehulehu, ʻoi loa a hoʻomōhala pono ʻia. ʻAʻole ʻike maka ʻia nā unahi o Capelin. Aia lākou ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o ka laina ʻaoʻao, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua e pili ana i ka ʻōpū o ka iʻa, me ke kua a me nā ʻaoʻao. Hoʻoiho ʻia nā peʻa rhomboid ma ke kua i hope. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā peʻa pectoral e kahi ʻano triangular, i hoʻopōkole iki ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao luna, a poepoe ʻia i ke kumu. Aia lākou ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo.
ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maopopo o ka capelin ke kū ʻana o kahi ʻeleʻele i luna o nā peʻa, no laila hiki ke ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona. ʻO ka leo nui o ke kino iʻa ke kālā. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kihi, a māmā ka ʻōpū, hiki ke kapa ʻia he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo me ke alo o nā wahi brownish blotches. Hoʻokomo ʻia ke kino iʻa me kahi fin caudal liʻiliʻi, nona kahi ʻano bifurcation mai waena o kona lōʻihi ponoʻī. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia, caudal, fin notch e ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi ʻaneʻane kokoke ʻākau, inā ʻoe e nānā iā ia mai ka ʻaoʻao.
Ma hea e noho ai ka capelin?
Kiʻi: Capelin i ke kai
ʻO Capelin kahi iʻa kai wale nō i kū i ka mānoanoa o ke kai a me nā wai kai. Maʻa mau kēia iʻa i ka hohonu mai 200 a 300 mau mika, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana i nā kula iʻa i lalo ka hohonu. Ke alakaʻi nei ʻo Capelin i kahi ola hui, e hana ana i nā kula liʻiliʻi, i hoʻonui nui ʻia i loko o ka wā spawning, e kū ana i nā kula iʻa nunui. ʻAʻole komo ʻo Capelin i loko o nā wai muliwai a me nā kino wai hou. Makemake nā iʻa i ke kai ākea, hui i ke kahakai kahakai wale nō ke hānau.
Inā mākou e kālailai i ka wahi noho o capelin e kāna mau ʻohana, a laila maʻalahi ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana ua koho ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka iʻa ʻAkelanika i nā wai o ʻAkelanika, akā hiki pū kekahi:
- i ke Kai Arctic;
- i ka wai o ke kahawai ʻo Davis;
- i ke kai anu Norewai;
- i ke kolamu wai o Labrador;
- ma kahi o Greenland.
Noho pū ʻo Capelin i ke ākea o nā kai ʻākau ʻē aʻe, e hui ana ma:
- Keʻokeʻo;
- Karsk;
- Barents;
- Chukotka;
- Kai Laptev.
Noho nā ʻĀpana Pākīpika i ka Moana Pākīpika, ʻoi aku ka makemake o kona mau ʻaoʻao ʻākau, e moe ana a hiki i ke kapakai Kōlea a me ka mokupuni ʻo Wanekoua, aia ma kaʻaoʻao o Kanada. I ke kai Kepanī, Bering a me Okhotsk, manaʻo nui ka iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Me ka hōʻea ʻana o Iune, he manawa kupaianaha ka poʻe noho o kekahi mau panalāʻau ʻo Kanada e hōʻiliʻili i ka nui o ka capelin i koi ʻia. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono wale lākou e hele wāwae ma kahakai, kahi e ʻau ai ka iʻa e hānai ai i nā helu he nui.
E pili ana i ko mākou ʻāina, kahi manawa ma mua o ka wā e hānau ai (i kēia wā paha i ka wā mua o ke kau a i ʻole ka hoʻoilo) e ʻākoakoa ana nā iʻa i loko o nā pā nui, e hele ana i ke kahakai kahiki ʻo Far East. Ke kū mai kahi ʻino, ma ka Hikina hikina o Rūsia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nui o nā iʻa i holoi ʻia i uka, a no nā mile he nui o ka laina heʻe nalu, uhi ʻia nā wahi nunui me kahi ʻāpana kālā silvery paʻa o capelin i hele mai i ʻaneʻi.
He aha ka ʻai a capelin?
Kiʻi: Kapela kai
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i puka mai ka capelin i ka nui, ʻaʻole pono e poina kekahi he predator ia, a ʻoi loa ka hana, e like me nā smelts āpau. ʻO ka hōʻoia o kēia ʻōlelo ka loaʻa o nā niho liʻiliʻi, akā ʻoi loa, aia i ka waha o ka iʻa i ka nui. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka papa kuhikuhi capelin e kahi predator liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i kahi meaʻai māmā nui aʻe.
No laila, ʻo ka ʻai capelin he:
- caviar o nā iʻa ʻē aʻe;
- zooplankton;
- ulana ʻōpala;
- ilo o ke kai;
- crustaceans liʻiliʻi.
Pono e hoʻohui ʻia he kiʻekiʻe loa ka hana kino o capelin, no laila pono mau ka iʻa e hoʻopiha i nā mālama ikehu, i hoʻolilo ʻia no ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai. I kēia mea, ʻai ʻo capelin i ka hoʻoilo, ʻokoʻa ia i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻo nā mea hoʻokūkū ʻai nui o capelin ka hānai a me ka salemona ʻōpio, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka papaʻai ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Zooplankton.
Ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kēia ʻāpana, he mea pono e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā capelin, e like me ka mea i kūpono i kahi iʻa predatory, ʻai i nā huahana holoholona. Inā ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi ʻo ia i ka nui, a laila ʻoliʻoli ʻo ia i kahi meaʻai māmā me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka mea minamina no ka capelin, ʻaʻole no kāna mau niho iʻa liʻiliʻi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Capelin i ka wai
He iʻa kula kai ʻo Capelin i makemake i kahi noho hui ʻana. Hana ʻia ia i nā huhui nui i ka wā o ka spawning, a i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā e hoʻāʻo e mālama i nā hipa liʻiliʻi. Lawe ʻo Capelin i kahi moemoeā i nā papa wai o luna, e noho mau ana ma kahi hohonu o 300 m, akā i kekahi manawa hiki ke iho i lalo i 700 m hohonu. Ke ʻau wale ka iʻa i ka wahi kai, i ia manawa hiki ke loaʻa i nā kahawai kahawai.
ʻO kahi ʻāpana nui o kāna ola iʻa, hoʻonoho ʻia ka capelin i ke kai, neʻe mau i kahi mamao loa e ʻimi i nā wahi e piha me nā meaʻai kūpono nona. ʻO kahi laʻana, capelin, e noho nei ma ke kai Barents a kokoke i ke kapakai ʻo Icelandic, e hele i nā kahakai o ka ʻākau o Nolewai a me ke Kola Peninsula i ka hoʻoilo a me ka puna i mea e hana ai i mau hua. I ke kau a me ke kau kau, holo wikiwiki kēia iʻa like i ka ʻākau hikina a me ka ʻākau, e ʻimi nei i kahi kahua meaʻai momona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: pili ka neʻe kau o capelin me ka hana o nā kai. Hoʻoikaika ka iʻa e hāhai iā lākou i nā manawa āpau, no ka mea lawe nā kahawai i ka hoʻolilo o plankton, ʻo ia ka ipu nui ma ka papa kuhikuhi capelin.
No laila, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ola o ka capelin ikaika loa, ʻo ia hoʻi nā neʻe kau o ke kau. ʻEleu loa ʻo Capelin, lawe lima, ʻimi mau i nā meaʻai, ʻoiai i ka make a me ke kau anuanu ʻaʻole e hāʻule i loko o kahi ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano hāmeʻa i kāpae ʻia, akā hoʻomau i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a ʻai i mea e paʻa ai ka ikehu.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Capelin
E like me kā mākou i ʻike ai ma mua, no capelin kahi ʻano iʻa i ke kula. Pili pono ka wā ʻōlapa i ka ʻāina kahi e hoʻokomo mau ai ka iʻa. Hoʻomaka ka iʻa e noho ana ma ke kai komohana o ka Pākīpika a me ka moana ʻAkelanika i ka ulu ʻana i ka pūnāwai, e hoʻomau nei i kēia hana i ke kauwela a hiki i ka hopena. Puka mai ka Kapelika Hikina hikina i ka wā kauwela, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka hihia no nā iʻa e noho ana ma ka hikina o ka Moana Pākīpika.
Ma mua o ka huakaʻi ʻana, hoʻomaka pū nā kula liʻiliʻi o capelin e hui pū, a lilo i mau kula iʻa nunui, a ʻoi aku ka nui o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau iʻa iʻa. Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ka iʻa nui e neʻe i nā wahi a lākou e hānau mau ai. Hana pinepine ia i ka wā o ka ʻino, nui ka iʻa, ke ʻimi nei no nā wahi hānau, kiola ʻia i uka e nā ʻumi tausani, e uhi ana i ke kahakai no kekahi mau mile, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka Hikina Hikina a me ke kapakai ʻo Kanada.
No ka lawaiʻa ʻana, koho nā iʻa i nā ʻae one ākea, kahi pāpaʻu ka hohonu. ʻO ke kiko nui i ka hana ʻana i spawn kūleʻa a me ka holomua holomua o nā hua he lawa pono o ka wai me ka oxygen a me kahi kūpono, ka wai, ka hoʻomehana wela (2 - 3 kekelē me kahi hōʻailona plus).
ʻOiaʻiʻo: i mea e pono ai ka momona ʻana i nā hua, pono ka wahine capelin i ke kōkua o kekahi kāne kāne i ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻo ia ka mea e hele pū me ia ke neʻe ʻo ia i kahi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana. Mālama ʻia ʻo Cavaliers ma nā ʻaoʻao, ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ko lākou kuko.
I kaʻauʻau ʻana i kahi kūpono, hoʻomaka nā kāne e ʻeli i nā lua i ka lepo o ke one, hana lākou i kēia me kā lākou huelo. I loko o kēia mau lua, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻomoe i nā hua manu, nona ka palu maikaʻi loa, e pili koke ana i ka papa o lalo. ʻO ka nui o ke anawaena o nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻokoʻa mai 0.5 a 1.2 mm, a hiki ke helu ʻia kā lākou helu mai 6 a i 36,000 mau ʻāpana, pili ia i nā wahi o ka noho. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hiki i ka helu o nā hua i hoʻokahi paʻa mai 1.5 a i 12,000 mau ʻāpana. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka hana ʻana, hoʻi hou ka capelin i nā wahi o kona noho paʻa mau ʻana: ʻaʻole pau kēia mau iʻa i hoʻi mai i ka hale e komo i ka hana hou aʻe.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā larva capelin mai nā hua manu mai ma hope o kahi lā 28 mai ka manawa o kā lākou kau ʻana. Heʻuʻuku lākou a māmā, no laila lawe koke ʻia lākou e ke au i loko o ke kai. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke lilo i iʻa makua, nui ka nui o nā larva i make mai nā mea ʻinoʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka poʻe i laki e ola a hoʻomohala a oʻo wikiwiki. Ua oʻo kolohe nā wahine i ka makahiki o hoʻokahi makahiki, a ʻo nā kāne kokoke i 14 a 15 mau makahiki o ko lākou mau makahiki. He mea kūpono ia e hoʻomaopopo i ke ola holoʻokoʻa o capelin ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki, akā he nui nā iʻa, no nā ʻano kumu like ʻole, mai noho a hiki i ko lākou ʻelemakule.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o capelin
Kiʻi: Capelin iʻa
ʻAʻole paʻakikī e kuhi ua piha ka capelin liʻiliʻi i nā ʻenemi, ke kai a me ka ʻāina. Ke hiki mai i kahi iʻa predatory nui aʻe, lawelawe pinepine ka capelin i kekahi o nā mea nui o kā lākou papa kuhikuhi o kēlā me kēia lā.
Pili kēia mau ola kai:
- ʻakaʻakai;
- heʻe;
- cod
Hele pū ʻo Cod me capelin i ka wā o kona neʻe ʻana i ka neʻe ʻana, no laila hāʻawi ia iā ia iho me ka nui o nā kumuwaiwai. Ma waho aʻe o ka cod, nā mea aloha ʻē aʻe o kēia iʻa ʻono, i hōʻike ʻia e nā sila, nā kohola kohola a me nā koholā, e holo wikiwiki hoʻi i kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi ma hope o nā shoals o capelin.
Ma waho aʻe o ka holoholona kai, ʻo ka capelin ka mea nui o ka papaʻai no nā manu he nui e ola ana i kēia iʻa. Hoʻohui ʻia e pili pū nā gull i nā kula o capelin ke hele lākou i nā kahua mokulele.
ʻIke hoihoi: Hiki i kahi nui o nā manu ma ke Kola Peninsula ma muli o ka nui o ka wai kahakai me ka capelin, ʻo ia ke kumu o kaʻai a ka manu.
He ʻenemi koʻikoʻi hou aʻe kā ke capelin, he kanaka lawaiʻa ia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Capelin he iʻa kālepa i hopu ʻia i ka nui i nā wahi o kāna kau mau ʻana. ʻIke ʻia, mai ka waenakonu o ke kenekulia i hala, ua ʻohiʻohi ʻia ka capelin ma kahi pālākiō nui, he mea kupaianaha loa ka laulā.
Ma waena o nā ʻāina alakaʻi e pili ana i ka hopu capelin i kēia manawa:
- Nolewai;
- Kanaka;
- Lukia;
- Āina Hau.
ʻIke hoihoi: Aia nā hōʻike i ka makahiki 2012 i ka hopu ʻana o ka capelin i ka honua a ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 miliona mau tona, a pinepine ka hopu ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa ʻōpio, ka makahiki mai 1 a 3 mau makahiki, a me ka lōʻihi - mai 11 a 19 cm.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: ʻAkelanika capelin
ʻOiai hopu ʻia ka capelin i mau miliona o nā tona, ʻaʻole pili ia i nā ʻano iʻa pale ʻia, ʻaʻole i helu ʻia i loko o ka Red Book. Ke hoʻāʻo nei nā mokuʻāina he nui e hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i ka helu o kāna holoholona. Ma hope i nā 80 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻolauna ʻia nā quota i kekahi mau ʻāina e hoʻoponopono i ka hopu ʻana o capelin. I kēia manawa ʻaʻohe kūlana mālama o ka capelin, no ka mea, lawa ka nui o ka iʻa, a paʻakikī e kuhi i kāna helu. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ʻikepili kikoʻī i ka helu o kēia mau iʻa.
ʻO Capelin kahi iʻa i waiwai nui ke kālepa, a ʻo ia nō hoʻi ka loulou i ka kūleʻa a me ka holomua o nā iʻa a me nā holoholona e hānai ana, no ka hapa nui, i kēia iʻa kikoʻī. ʻO ka helu o capelin i kēia manawa i kahi pae kiʻekiʻe mau, akā ʻo kāna lawaiʻa nui ʻana a me ka make nui i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana i kahi hopena nui i ka helu o nā iʻa iʻa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: I kēlā me kēia makahiki ma Murmansk, i ka hoʻomaka mua o ka puna, mālama ʻia ka pāʻina capelin, ma kēia hanana ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻono wale i nā ʻano iʻa āpau, akā e kau pū nō hoʻi ma capelin me ke kumukūʻai maikaʻi (haʻahaʻa).
ʻIke ʻia ka helu o nā iʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki hiki ke loli ʻole, pili kēia i nā ʻano like ʻole, pili nui i nā kūlana kikoʻī o ka iʻa iʻa, no laila e hōʻoia ka poʻe ʻaʻole maikaʻi wale lākou no ka noho ʻana, akā no ka hana hou ʻana i nā keiki, a laila a e mahuahua ka heluna capelin.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i kēlā capelin a liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo kēia nondescript, i ka nānā mua ʻana, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka iʻa, ʻelua i ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe a i ke ola kanaka, no laila, ʻaʻole e hoʻowahāwahā ʻia kāna mea nui nui. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ia no nā mea ʻono o ke kai, mahalo nui ʻia ia i ka kuke o kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Capelin me ke kumu kūʻai he kumukūʻai ʻole, akā maikaʻi a maikaʻi hoʻi i ka papaʻai olakino.Hoʻolaʻa ʻia kahi helu nui o nā ʻano kukeina culinary i capelin, a ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea mālama meaʻai he hale waihona waiwai maoli ia o nā wikamina a me nā minelala, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻike calorie.
Lā paʻi: 03/15/2020
Lā hou: 16.01.2020 ma 16:27
