ʻO ke kula kekahi ʻano ʻano hihiu o nā hoki. Pili ia i ka ʻohana Equine, pili i ka ʻApelika ʻano o nā hoki hihiu, a me nā zebras a me nā ʻano hihiu o nā lio. Manaʻo ʻia e ka poʻe he nui a hiki i kēia lā ʻaʻole i hoʻohuli ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona e nā kānaka.
Hōʻike o ke kulanui
Nui nā helu o nā ʻāpana o nā kulanui, kahi e kūlike ʻole ai nā kānaka noiʻi.... ʻO nā subspecies maʻamau o kēia mau holoholona:
- ʻO Onagr (kulanui Iran), noho i ka panalāʻau o ka ʻākau o ʻIrana;
- ʻO nā ʻano Tureke, ka ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana ʻo Kazakhstan a me Turkmenistan;
- Kolepa Mongolian e noho ana ma Mongolia;
- ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻ Indiannia, ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ʻIrana, Pakistan, ʻĀkau komohana o India;
- Qiang, maʻamau i ke komohana o Kina a me Tibet.
ʻO nā ʻāpana āpau, ʻo ke kiang ka nui o nā ana, ke kaumaha o ke kino a hiki i kahi o 400 kg.
Helehelena Kulan
He ʻano lio kahiko ia e like me ka hoki ma nā hiʻohiʻona. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino ke hōʻea i ʻelua mau mika, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ma kahi maloʻo a hiki i 150 cm. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kino o kēia holoholona ma kahi o 200-300 kg. He mau wāwae lahilahi kona, nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae elongated, a me kahi huelo liʻiliʻi (a i 40 cm), kahi e hoʻopau ai me kahi kālele. He loli ke kala o ka holoholona: mai ke kala one a i ka brown brown.
Aia kekahi kala hina hina. Ma ke kua holoʻokoʻa ma ka midline, aia kahi kaha i hōʻike ʻia e nā aka ʻeleʻele o nā kala. ʻO kahi mane kū pono, e hohola ana mai nā pepeiao ponoʻī a i ka mae ʻana, pouli ke kala o ka huelo a me nā wēlau o nā pepeiao, ke māmā ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino, ka ʻāʻī, ke poʻo, a me nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino o ke kulanui. ʻAʻohe o lākou ʻano poni o nā lio kūloko.
Hoihoi ia! Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā ʻāpana ʻelua o nā kāhana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā kapuaʻi wāwae a me ka waihoʻoluʻu mālamalama. Pōkole ko lākou wāwae, liʻiliʻi ka poʻo, a nui ka pepeiao. Ua like like lākou me nā hoki maʻamau. ʻOi aku nā Kulans e noho nei ma ka pāpū, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā wāwae a like ke ʻano me nā lio, nā pule e like me nā hoki.
I ke kauwela, he pōkole ka lauoho, kūpono loa i ka ʻili; i ka hoʻoilo, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi a me ka lawehala o ka lauoho.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
He holoholona holoholona ia, hiki i nā pipi i 10-20 poʻo. He wahine makua ke alakaʻi o ka ʻohana, ʻōpio ke koena... Alakaʻi ka wahine ʻike ʻoi loa i ka ohana holoʻokoʻa ma hope ona, ʻoiai ke kāne e noho ana ma kahi mamao, e nānā ana i nā wahi a puni a hāʻawi i ka pale no nā holoholona holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, auwana ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa mai kahi a kahi wahi i ka wāwae, akā i ke alo o kahi weliweli koke, hiki i ke kulanui ke piʻi i 60-70 km / h.
I ka manawa like, ʻike ʻia lākou e ko lākou hoʻomanawanui - hiki iā lākou ke kū i kahi holo wikiwiki ma kahi o 5-10 mau minuke, kahi e hāʻawi ai iā lākou i ka manawa kūpono e peʻe ai mai nā poʻe makemake ʻole. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa nō hoʻi lākou i ka hiki ke lele maikaʻi. ʻAʻole ia he pilikia no ka lele o ke kulanui i kahi kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, a lele aʻe mai kahi mea ʻoi aku ka nui - 2.5 m. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke koi i kēia wahi, a lawe nā kāne ʻōpio a ikaika hoʻi. Lilo ke kāne i hala i mea lawe pio i kēia holoholona.
ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau ʻaʻole kūlino nā kūka, hana a me nā holoholona hihi, akā aia kekahi mau manawa ke hiki ke nānā aku weliweli loa. ʻO ia ʻano laʻana ʻo ia nā hakakā o nā kāne i ka wā o ka moʻa. Kū nā kāne ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope, kaomi i ko lākou mau pepeiao, nā waha paʻa, a lilo nā maka i koko. Uhi nā kānaka o ke kāne i ko lākou ʻenemi me ko lākou mau wāwae, a laila e hoʻāʻo ana e kīkē iā lākou i ka honua, me nā lālā ʻūlū like me ko lākou mau niho i mea e hōʻino ai iā lākou. I loko o kēlā kaua, hiki i kekahi ke hōʻeha nui, akā ʻaʻole ia i hoʻokahe i ke koko.
Hoihoi ia! Maluhia ʻo Kulans kokoke i nā ʻelele āpau o ka honua holoholona. Hāʻawi lākou i nā jackdaws e huki i ka hulu hipa mai nā maeʻa e kūkulu i nā pūnana. Makemake nui ʻia nā ʻīlio a me nā hipa e lākou. Hoʻouka pinepine nā Kulans iā lākou.
Inā kokoke i kahi pilikia, hāʻawi ka kāne i kahi hōʻailona hōʻailona e hoʻomaopopo i ke koena o ka ohana. Ua like ko lākou kāhea ʻana me ka hoki maʻamau. Ma loko o kā lākou waihona mea hoʻolohe lohe maikaʻi, he ʻano maikaʻi ke ʻano o ka honi, a me ka ʻike maka, e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i ka ʻenemi ma kahi mamao loa. ʻAʻole makemake kēia mau holoholona i kahi ola recumbent i nā mea āpau. ʻO ko lākou koena i kahi pae ākea hiki ke lōʻihi o 2 mau hola, a i ka hoʻoilo - ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ka hapalua hola. ʻO ke koena o ka manawa a ko lākou mau wāwae e hoʻolilo ai i ko lākou mau wāwae.
Ehia mau kulana e noho nei
I ka piha ʻana o nā makahiki ʻehā, hōʻea nā kulana i ko lākou wā moekolohe o ke ola. ʻO ko lākou mau ola āpau ma kahi o iwakālua mau makahiki.
Kahi noho a me nā wahi noho
ʻO ka wahi maʻamau o nā kulans ka Central Asia. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau, aia lākou i ka moku o Turkmmenistan a me Kazakhstan, ma ke komohana - kokoke i ʻIrana, a ma ka hikina hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Mongolia a me Kina. Noho lākou i nā wahi wao nahele a me nā wao akua, aia ia ma nā kuahiwi a ma nā kapuae kokoke i nā waihona muliwai ʻAsia.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia manawa, wehewehe ʻia ke alo o kahi heluna lehulehu o nā kulans ma ka ʻāina o Afghanistan.
Kākaʻikahi ka loaʻa ʻana o kēia mau holoholona i loko o nā ulu lāʻau a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e ālai ana i kā lākou ʻike. Hoaʻo lākou e hōʻalo i kēlā mau wahi. E hōʻalo hoʻi i nā wahi me nā papa one one ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole paha. Ma nā panalāʻau o Rūsia, ʻo ko lākou wahi noho ka ʻaoʻao hema o Transbaikalia a me Siberia Komohana.
Papaʻai Kulan
I ka ʻōlelo o ka meaʻai, he unpretentious loa lākou. Pau lākou i nā lau nahele e ulu ana i ka steppe, wao nahele a me ka wao akua.... ʻOiai nā aʻa, nā hua maloʻo a me nā lāʻau shrub e lawelawe iā lākou ma ke ʻano he meaʻai. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke haki i ka uhi hau a wāwahi i ka hau.
ʻO kahi kiko nui no lākou kahi lua e hoʻoinu ai. ʻO ia kahi o nā wahi wai e hoʻoholo ai i ko lākou wahi. Akā i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻike i nā makemake - hiki iā lākou ke inu i ka wai ʻawaʻawa a me ka paʻakai.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
ʻO ke kau no ka hana hou ʻana mai Mei a ʻAukake. I kēia manawa, ke kāne, ka mea ma kahi mamao loa mai ka pipi, hoʻokokoke iā ia, ʻumeʻume i ka maka o nā wahine e ka hāʻule ʻana i ka honua i ka lepo, e kuʻi ana i ka lepo me kona mau wāwae, a laila hōʻike i kona mākaukau no kahi pilina koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā wahine, ka poʻe i mākaukau e hoa, hāʻawi iā ia i kā lākou pane, i hōʻike ʻia e ka nahu ʻana i nā kāne i ka maloʻo. Ma o kēia ua hōʻike ʻo ia ua mākaukau ʻo ia no ka hānau ʻana.
Eia hou, ma hope o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma waena o lākou, hana ʻia ke kaʻina moina i nā holoholona, a ʻo ka hopena me ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine. ʻO ka manawa hāpai i nā kulans ka lōʻihi o ka manawa. Noho ka hapai ma kahi o 12 mau mahina, a ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana a hānau kahi keiki kāne. Ma mua koke o ka hānau ʻana o ka pēpē, neʻe ka wahine mai ka pipi a aia ma kahi mamao e pale aku ai i kāna keiki mai nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hānau ʻana.
Piʻi ka foal i kona mau wāwae kokoke kokoke ma hope o ka hānau ʻana a hiki ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa. No 2-3 mau lā e moe iho ai ʻo ia i kahi mehameha, kahi e ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, a laila hui pū me ka pipi. I ka mua, hānai ka wahine iā ia me ka waiū, ke piʻi wikiwiki nei ka foal. ʻO ke kaupaona kaupaona ma kahi o 700 gram i kēlā me kēia lā. Inā pōloli ke keiki, a laila hoʻomaopopo ia i ka makuahine e pili ana iā ia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka foal, i hānau ʻia ma kahi hebedoma i hala aku nei, hiki i kēia manawa ke hoʻomohala i ka wikiwiki holo o 40 km / h.
Ke kāpae nei i kāna ala, hoʻoluliluli kona poʻo, ke kuʻi ʻana i ka lepo me kona mau wāwae, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae iā ia e lawe i kahi ʻanuʻu. Inā wahaheʻe ka makuahine, a laila hiki i ka foal ke loaʻa kūʻokoʻa i kahi ala e kiʻi ai i ka waiū umauma. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hānai ʻana i ka pēpē ma kahi o 10 mau mahina. I kēia manawa, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e assimilate i nā mea ʻē aʻe, kanu i nā meaʻai, āna e ʻai ai i loko o kona ola. ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu nā ʻōpio i nā pēpē i kā lākou holoholona, no laila, hoʻoikaika lākou i nā ʻano āpau e nahu a hōʻeha iā lākou, akā pale mau nā mākua maʻalahi i kā lākou keiki, a laila mālama lākou i ko lākou ola.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi nui o nā kulans ka ʻīlio hae... Hiki i kēia holoholona heihei ke hoʻokūkū me nā kulanui i ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika. Hoʻopau kēia mau mea ʻaihue iā lākou ma ke alualu lōʻihi ʻana, a ke hoʻokokoke aku lākou i ka pipi, ua hahau lākou i ka holoholona nāwaliwali loa. ʻAno o ke koho kūlohelohe. ʻO nā keiki liʻiliʻi ka waiwai no nā hyenas.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, i ke kau hoʻoilo, make ka poʻe kulana no ka nele i ka meaʻai, ke hōʻeha lākou i ko lākou mau wāwae ke haki ka hau. Ma mua, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, akā i kēia manawa ua nalowale kona pilina ma muli o ka hōʻemi nui o ko lākou wahi noho.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ua helu ʻia kēia ʻano holoholona i ka International Red Book, a pale ʻia hoʻi e nā mokuʻāina he nui.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ʻo Kulana i nā wahi i pale ʻia, nā zoo, nā wahi holoholona holoholona. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi lākou i ka poʻe a wikiwiki hoʻi, launa pū me lākou, akā ʻaʻole e laʻa, a mai hāʻawi hāʻawi iā lākou iho i ka hana. ʻAʻole ka Captivity i mea pale i kā lākou hana hou ʻana.
Hoihoi ia! I nā kūlana kūlohelohe, hoʻopili nā mea ʻike kuʻikuʻi kūikawā i nā kulana i mea e nānā ai i kā lākou hana nui.
Nui nā ʻāina i nā papahana e hoʻihoʻi i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona.
