Adelie Penguin mea kū hoʻokahi. Hoʻopili ka poʻe āpau i kā lākou ʻano leʻaleʻa o ka ʻolokaʻa ʻana mai paw a paw a me ka pīpī ʻana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao. A ʻo nā puʻupuʻu puʻupuʻu o nā moa a me ko lākou mau mākua, e heʻe ana i ka hau, e like me ke kaʻa uila, nani ke nānā aku. ʻO ia ke ola o nā penguins Adélie ma Antarctica nāna i hoʻokū i nā animator Kepani a me Soviet e hana i ke katuna The Adventures of Lolo the Penguin and Happy Feet.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguin
ʻO ka penguin Adélie (i ka Lākina, ua koho ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Pygoscelis adeliae) he manu lele ʻole e pili ana i ke kauoha o nā penguins. ʻO kēia mau manu kekahi o nā ʻano ʻekolu o ka genus Pygoscelis. Hōʻike ka Mitochondrial a me ka nukle DNA i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia o ka genus mai nā ʻano penguin ʻē aʻe ma kahi o 38 miliona mau makahiki i hala, ma kahi o 2 miliona mau makahiki ma hope o nā kūpuna o ka genus Aptenodytes. Ma ka huli, ua kaʻawale nā penguins Adélie mai nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ka genus ma kahi o 19 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Video: Adelie Penguin
Hoʻomaka ka poʻe mua o nā penguins e hoe ma kahi o 70 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua lilo ko lākou mau kūpuna i ka hiki ke lele i ka lani a lilo i poʻe ʻauʻau akamai. Ua kaumaha nā iwi o nā manu, e kōkua ai e luʻu maikaʻi. I kēia manawa "lele" kēia mau manu ʻakaʻaka ma lalo o ka wai.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia nā mōʻalihaku Penguin ma 1892. Ma mua o kēlā, ua manaʻo nā ʻepekema ʻo kēia mau mea kūpilikiʻi me nā ʻēheu liʻiliʻi he manu ʻaʻohe hiki ke hoʻokele i ka lele. A laila ua wehewehe ʻia ke kumu: nā kūpuna o nā penguins - nā manu nosed keel tube - kahi hui kūmole ʻoi loa i hoʻomohala ʻia.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā penguins mua ma Antarctica ma kahi o 40 miliona mau makahiki i hala. I ka manawa like, noho kekahi mau laha ma kahakai a alakaʻi i kahi nohona ʻāina wale nō. Aia ma waena o lākou nā pilikua maoli, no ka laʻana, anthropornis, nona ke kiʻekiʻe i hiki i 180 cm. ʻAʻohe o ko lākou mau kūpuna i mau ʻenemi weliweli i ka Antarctica hau paʻa, no laila ua lilo ka penguins i ko lākou hiki ke lele, hoʻololi i nā mahana haʻahaʻa a lilo i poʻe ʻauʻau āpau.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguins ma Antarctica
ʻO Adélie penguins (P. adeliae) ka mea i aʻo nui ʻia o nā ʻano 17 āpau. Ua kapa ʻia lākou ma muli o ka ʻĀina o Adélie, kahi a lākou i wehewehe mua ʻia ai i ka makahiki 1840 e ka mea mākaʻikaʻi Palani Jules Dumont-dʻUrville, nāna i kapa kēia ʻāpana o ka ʻāina Antarctic ma hope o kāna wahine ʻo Adele.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā penguins ʻē aʻe, he plumage ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo maʻamau ko lākou. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi kēia maʻalahi i kahi camouflage maikaʻi e kūʻē i nā mea ʻaihue a ʻoiai e ʻimi nei i kahi pio - he kua ʻeleʻele i ka hohonu o ke kai ʻeleʻele a me kahi ʻōpū keʻokeʻo ma luna o ka ʻili kai malamalama. ʻOi aku ka nui iki o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine, ʻo ka nuku hoʻi. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka lōʻihi o ka nuku e hoʻoholo ai i ka wahine.
Kaupaona nā penguins Adelie ma waena o 3.8 kg a me 5.8 kg kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wā hānau. Aia lākou i ka nui me ka kiʻekiʻe o 46 a 71 cm. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī ke apo keʻokeʻo e hoʻopuni ana i nā maka a me nā hulu e kau ana ma luna o ka nuku. ʻUlaʻula ka nuku i ke kala. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huelo ma mua o ko nā manu ʻē aʻe. I waho, ʻo ke kapa holoʻokoʻa ke nānā aku e like me ka tuxedo o kahi kanaka hanohano. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Adélie ma mua o nā lāhui i ʻike nui ʻia.
ʻAʻau pinepine kēia mau penguins i ka wikiwiki o ma kahi o 8.0 km / h. Hiki iā lākou ke lele ma kahi o 3 mau mika mai ka wai e pae i nā pōhaku a i ka hau paha. ʻO kēia ka ʻano maʻamau o ka penguin.
Ma hea e noho ai ka penguin Adelie?
Kiʻi: Manu Adelie Penguin
Noho lākou i ka ʻāina Antarctic wale nō. Aia lākou e pūnana ma kahakai o Antarctica a me nā mokupuni kokoke. ʻO ka wahi me ka heluna nui o nā penguins Adélie ma ke kai ʻo Ross. Noho i ka moku Antarctic, pono kēia mau penguin e kū i ke anuanu anuanu. I loko o nā mahina hoʻoilo, noho ʻo Adélie i nā paepae hau nui nui e hiki ai ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai.
ʻO Krill, kahi meaʻai i ka papaʻai. ʻAi lākou i ka plankton e noho ana ma lalo o ka hau kai, no laila koho lākou i nā wahi me ka nui o ka krill. I ko lākou wā hānai, i ka manawa ma mua o ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, hele lākou i nā kahakai kahakai e kūkulu i ko lākou mau pūnana ma nā wahi hau ʻole. Me ke komo ʻana i ka wai hāmama i kēia māhele, hāʻawi ʻia nā mākua a me kā lākou ʻōpio kokoke i ke komo koke i ka meaʻai.
ʻO ka penguins Adélie o ka ʻāina ʻo Ross Sea ma Antarctica e neʻe i ka awelika ma kahi o 13,000 km i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ukali ana i ka lā mai kā lākou kolone pūnana a i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻi.
I ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole piʻi ka lā ma ka hema o ka Arctic Circle, akā kūkulu ʻia ka hau kai i nā mahina hoʻoilo a hoʻonui ʻia he mau haneli mau mile mai ke kahakai a neʻe i nā latitu ʻākau aʻe ma waena o Antarctica. ʻOiai e noho ana nā penguin ma ka lihi o ka hau wikiwiki, e ʻike lākou i ka lā.
Ke emi ka hau i ka puna, noho mau nā penguin ma ka lihi a hoʻi lākou i kahakai i ka wā o ka sunnier. ʻO nā piʻi lōʻihi loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma 17,600 km.
He aha ka mea a Adelie Penguin e ʻai ai?
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguin
Hānai nui lākou i ka papaʻai huikau o Euphausia superba Antarctic krill a me E. crystalorophias ice krill, ʻoiai e neʻe ka papaʻai i ka iʻa (ʻo Pleuragramma antarcticum ka hapanui) i ka wā hānau a me ka heʻe i ka wā hoʻoilo. Hoʻololi ka papa kuhikuhi ma muli o ka helu wahi.
Hoʻoemi ʻia ka papaʻai o nā penguins Adelie i nā huahana aʻe:
- iʻa hau;
- krill kai;
- nā heʻe hau a me nā cephalopod ʻē aʻe;
- ipukukui iʻa;
- ʻalalā kūpalu;
- amphipods kekahi ʻāpana o kā lākou papaʻai.
Ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻohana mau ʻia nā jellyfish, me nā ʻano o ka genera Chrysaora a me Cyanea, ma ke ʻano he meaʻai e nā penguins Adélie, ʻoiai ua manaʻo ʻia ma mua ua moni wale lākou iā lākou ma ke kuʻuna. Ua loaʻa nā makemake like i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe: ka penguin maka melemele a me ka penguin Magellanic. Hōʻiliʻili nā penguins Adelie i ka meaʻai a laila regurgitate iā ia e hānai i kā lākou keiki.
Ke luʻu ʻana mai ka papa o ka wai a hiki i kahi hohonu e loaʻa ai kā lākou mea pio, hoʻohana ʻo Adélie penguins i ka holo holoholo ʻana o 2 m / s, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka wikiwiki e hāʻawi ana i ka ʻoihana ikehu haʻahaʻa loa. Eia nō naʻe, ke hōʻea lākou i nā kula krill nui ma ke kumu o ko lākou luʻu, lohi lākou e hopu i ka ʻai. ʻO ka maʻamau, makemake ʻo Adélie penguins i nā krill wahine kaumaha me nā hua, i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ikehu.
Ke aʻo nei i nā koena i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā kolone i nā makahiki 38,000 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻoholo ka poʻe ʻepekema ua hoʻololi koke ʻia i ka papaʻai o nā penguins Adélie. Ua neʻe lākou mai ka iʻa i ko lākou kumu meaʻai nui a hiki i krill. Ua hoʻomaka ia ma kahi o 200 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka hapa paha, no ka emi ʻana o ka helu o nā sila hulu mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 18 a me nā koholā baleen i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20. ʻO ka hōʻemi ʻia o ka hoʻokūkū mai kēia mau mea wili i hopena ai ke koena o ka krill. Hoʻohana nā Penguins iā ia ma ke ʻano he kumu meaʻai maʻalahi.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguins ma Antarctica
ʻO Pygoscelis adeliae kahi ʻano penguin pili kaiaulu. Pili mau lākou me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kā lākou hui a i ʻole kolone. Hele pū ʻo Adélie mai ka pahu hau a hiki i ko lākou wahi kūnana ke hoʻomaka ka wā hānau. Pale nā paʻa pālua i ka pūnana. Hoʻolālā pū nā penguins Adélie i nā hui, no ka mea, hoʻoliʻiliʻi kēia i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana e nā mea hoʻomake a hoʻonui i ka pono o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai.
Hiki i nā penguins Adelie ke lele i waho o ka wai e lele i kahi mau mika ma luna o ka ʻili ma mua o ka hoʻi hou ʻana i loko o ka wai. Ke waiho nei i ka wai, hanu wikiwiki nā penguin i ka ea. Ma ka ʻāina, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole. Hele wāwae ʻo Adelie penguins me ka lele lua, a i ʻole hiki ke paheʻe i ko lākou ʻōpū ma ka hau a me ka hau.
Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kā lākou pōʻai makahiki ma luna o nā mile keu aʻe:
- wā mua o ka hānai ʻana ma ke kai;
- ka neʻe ʻana i ke kolone ma kahi o ʻOkakopa;
- pūnana a hāpai keiki (ma kahi o 3 mau mahina);
- ka neʻe ʻana i Pepeluali me ka hānai mau ʻana;
- molt ma ka hau i Pepeluali-Malaki.
Ma ka ʻāina, he helehelena palaualelo kā Adélie penguins, akā i loko o ke kai, ua like lākou me kahi ʻauʻau kai torpedo, e ʻimi ana i kahi pio ma kahi hohonu o 170 m a aia i loko o ka wai ma mua o 5 mau minuke. Eia nō naʻe, pili ka hapa nui o kā lākou hana luʻu ʻana i loko o ka papa wai 50 m, no ka mea, ma ke ʻano he predators ʻike maka, hoʻoholo ʻia ko lākou hohonu luʻu luʻu e ke komo ʻana o ka malamalama i loko o ka hohonu o ke kai.
Loaʻa i kēia mau penguins kahi moʻo o ka physiological a me ka biochemical adaptations e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou manawa ma lalo o ka wai, kahi e hiki ʻole ai i nā penguins like ʻole ke kū aʻe.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguin Wahine
ʻO nā penguins kāne Adélie, e ʻumeʻume i ka maka o nā wahine, e hōʻike i kahi nuku i upturned, he pelu i ka ʻāʻī a me kahi kino elongated i ka ulu piha. ʻO kēia mau neʻe kekahi e hoʻolaha i ka ʻāina i ke kolone e like me kā lākou. I ke kau mua, hoʻi ʻo Adélie penguins i kā lākou wahi hānau. Hiki mua nā kāne. Pane kēlā me kēia hui i kā kāua moena male ʻana a huakaʻi i kahi a lāua i pūnana ai i ka makahiki i hala. Hiki i nā kāne ke hui hou no kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani.
Hoʻoulu ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā lā puna i nā penguins e hoʻomaka i ko lākou wā hānai mau e hōʻiliʻili i ka momona a lākou e pono ai i ka wā hānau a me nā manawa hoʻoulu. Kūkulu nā manu i nā pūnana pōhaku i ka hoʻomākaukau no nā hua ʻelua. ʻO nā penguins Adelie he ʻelua mau anakika i kēlā me kēia kau, me hoʻokahi hua e waiho ana ma hope koke o ka mua. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i 36 mau lā. Hoʻololi nā mākua i ke kāhiko ʻana i nā penguins ʻōpio ma kahi o 4 mau pule ma hope o ka hatching.
Hana nui nā mākua ʻelua i kā lāua keiki. I ka wā o ka incubation, huli nā kāne a me nā wahine me ka hua manu, ʻoiai e hānai nā kāne ʻelua. I ka manawa i huhū ai ka moa, huli nā mākua ʻelua i ka ʻai. Hānau ʻia nā pīpī hou me nā hulu o lalo a ʻaʻole hiki ke hānai iā lākou iho. ʻEhā mau pule ma hope o ka pā ʻana o ka moa, e hui pū ia me nā penguins ʻōpio Adélie ʻē aʻe no ka pale maikaʻi aʻe. I ka nursery, hānai mau nā mākua i kā lākou ʻōpio a aia wale nō ma hope o 56 mau lā i ka nursery e kūʻokoʻa ka hapa nui o nā penguins Adélie.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka penguin Adelie
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguins
ʻO nā leopadi nā mea hihiu maʻamau o nā penguins Adélie, e hoʻouka kokoke ana i ka lihi o ka pahu hau. ʻAʻole pilikia ka leopadi sila i nā penguins i uka no ka mea hele wale nā leopadi i uka e hiamoe ai hoʻomaha paha. Ua aʻo nā penguins Adelie e kāpae i kēia mau mea ʻaihue e ka ʻauʻau ʻana i nā hui, e hōʻalo ana i ka hau lahilahi a me ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka manawa liʻiliʻi i ka wai ma loko o 200 mau mika o ko lākou kahakai. Lawe pinepine nā kohola kohola i nā lunamaka nui o nā ʻano penguin, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke ʻahaʻaina i nā adeles.
Hopu ʻo Polar Skua Hema i nā hua a me nā moa i waiho ʻole ʻia e nā poʻe mākua a i loaʻa paha ma nā kaʻe o nā hunaola. Hiki i ka plover keʻokeʻo (Chionis albus) ke hoʻouka pū kekahi i nā hua i pale ʻole ʻia. Kūpono ʻo Adélie penguins i ka predation e nā leopadi sila a me nā kohola kohola i ke kai, a me nā ʻaila ʻaihue nunui a me nā skuas ma ka ʻāina.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o nā penguins Adélie:
- kohola kohola (Orcinus orca);
- nā leopadi sila (H. leptonyx);
- Skuas polar Hema (Stercorarius maccormicki);
- plover keʻokeʻo (Chionis albus);
- nunui petrel (Macronectes).
ʻO nā penguins Adelie nā mea hōʻike maikaʻi i ka loli. Ke hoʻomaka nei lākou e hoʻopiha i nā kahakai i uhi paʻa mau ʻia i ka hau, e hōʻike ana i kahi e hoʻomehana nei i ka nohona Antarctic. ʻO nā kolone ʻo Adélie penguin nā wahi ecotourism ʻoi loa ma Antarctica. Mai ka ʻumikūmāwalu i ka mua o ke kenekulia iwakālua, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau penguins no ka meaʻai, aila, a me ka maunu. Koʻi ʻia kā lākou guano a hoʻohana ʻia me he mea hoʻomomona.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Adelie Penguins
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi mai nā wahi he nui a paʻa a ulu paha ʻo Adélie penguin, akā ʻoiai ke hilinaʻi nui nei nā lāhui i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka hau i kai, aia ka hopohopo no ka hopena o ka hoʻomehana honua ʻana i nā helu. Hoʻopili lākou i ka ʻāpana hau hau ʻole o ka ʻāina Antarctic i ka wā pōkole hānau hānau.
ʻO kā lākou hana i ke kai no 90% o ke ola a pili i ke ʻano a me nā fluctuations o ka hau i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hōʻike ʻia kēia pilina paʻakikī e nā pae hānai manu, i hoʻoholo ʻia e ka nui o ka hau o ke kai.
Ma muli o ka 2014 anamanaʻo satelika o nā wahi kai kahakai hou, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula: 3.79 miliona ka hānau hānau Adélie mau pālua i loaʻa i nā kolone hānau 251, kahi hoʻonui 53% mai ka helu kanaka 20 makahiki.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia nā kolone a puni ke kahakai o ka ʻāina Antarctic a me ka moana. ʻO ka heluna kanaka ma ka Peninsula Antarctic ua hōʻole ʻia mai ka wā mua o 1980, akā ua ʻoi aku ka nui o kēia hāʻule e ka hoʻonui ʻana o East Antarctica. I ka wā hānau, ʻākoakoa lākou i nā kolone hānai nui, kekahi me ka hapahā o ka miliona pālua.
Hiki ke loli ka nui o nā kolone pākahi, a hiki i kekahi hiki ke lilo i mea maʻalahi i nā loli. Ua ʻike ʻia nā wahi e BirdLife International ma ke ʻano he "Wahi Manu Nui". Adelie Penguin, i ka nui o 751,527 pālua, i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma ʻelima mau kolone ʻokoʻa. Ma Malaki 2018, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kolone o 1.5 miliona.
Lā paʻi: 05/11/2019
Lā hou: 20.09.2019 ma 17:43
