Mite weliweli loa a ʻino hoʻi nā holoholona i lilo i hana i ke kau mahana. He poʻe lunamakaʻāinana lākou o ka poʻe kahiko o ko mākou Honua, ua ola i nā dinosaurs. ʻAʻohe hopena o ka evolution i kēia mau holoholona, ua ola lākou me ka loli ʻole, a ola kupaianaha i ka honua hou. Koho ʻia nā holoholona a me nā kānaka e like me nā mea i hōʻeha ʻia.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Tick
ʻO ka tick e pili ana i nā holoholona arachnid e hānai i ke koko o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. I ko mākou manawa, aia ka nui o nā ʻano o kēia ʻano, a hiki i 40 tausani.
Akā he ʻelua mau ʻano ke ʻano nui i ka hana epidemiological:
- kika taiga - ʻo kona wahi noho ka ʻĀkia a me kekahi ʻāpana o ʻEulopa o nā ʻāina nui.
- ʻEkele nahele ʻEulopa - ʻo ka ʻāina nui ka ʻāina nui o ʻEulopa o ka honua.
Video: Tick
A hiki i kēia lā, ʻaʻole i kū ka ʻepekema i ka ʻikepili kuʻikuʻi e pili ana i kahi i hele mai ai nā ticks a no lākou mai lākou. ʻO ka mea nui ia no hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki o ka ulu ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou i loli. ʻAno like ka moss fossil me ka mea kahiko o kēia au.
ʻO ke kuhiakau nui o ke kumu o nā ticks i kēia mau lā:
- kumu neotenic. Hiki ke hele mai nā tikika mai nā holoholona chelicerae, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa i ka nui, akā i ka manawa mua o ko lākou ulu ʻana;
- kumu mai nā larvae lana o nā mea i hoʻonele ʻia i ka hiki ke neʻe, a ʻaʻohe o lākou koʻokoʻo nerve kikowaena;
- ua hana ʻia e ke kāʻili ʻana i ke ola o kahi holoholona, ʻoi aku ka loea.
Ua hōʻoia pololei ʻia ke kuhiakau hope. No laila, ua loaʻa kahi holoholona cheliceral me kahi paʻa o nā hua manu i pā ʻia. ʻO nā larvae o kēia mau hua manu, ua like loa me nā ticks, Loaʻa ka helu like o nā wāwae.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka tick?
Liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka tick, e like me ka ʻano o ka holoholona, mai 0,1 mm a 0.5 mm. ʻOiai ʻo nā kikiki he arachnids, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻeheu. He 8 mau wāwae o ka tick mākua, ʻoiai he kanaka makua ʻole moekolohe ka 6.
Ma nā wāwae nā māiʻuʻu a me nā omo, me nā mites i hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea kanu. ʻAʻohe maka o ka holoholona, no laila kōkua kahi mea hana noʻonoʻo pono e kōkua iā ia i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. He kala ko kēlā me kēia ʻano tick, kahi nohona a me ka nohona.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka mīkini sensory o ka tick, i waiho ʻia ma nā lālā, hiki iā ia ke honi i ka mea pio 10 m ka mamao.
ʻO kaʻili o ke kino o ka mite kahi ʻili. Hoʻopili ʻia kona poʻo a me kona umauma, a paʻa kona poʻo i ke kino me ka neʻe ʻole. Hanu nā mites pale kaua me kahi mea i hoʻolālā ʻia i hoʻomākaukau ʻia.
Kūleʻa nui nā tikika, akā i nā kūlana weliweli hiki iā lākou ke me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai a hiki i nā makahiki he 3. Ma ka hānai nui ʻana, hoʻonui nā ticks i ke kaupaona ma mua o 100 mau manawa.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: He paʻakikī ke ʻike aku i kahi kikiki me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. ʻO kahi laʻana, kau i ʻekolu mau tikika i ka nui e kūlike i ke kiko kiko.
Ma ka awelika, holo ka pōʻaiapuni ulu o kahi tick mai 3 a 5 mau makahiki. I loko o kēia wā lōʻihi, ʻae wale nā ticks iā lākou iho i 3 mau pāʻina.
Ma hea e noho ai ke kik?
Kiʻi: Tick ma Moscow
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā kikiki ma nā wahi āpau o ka honua. Kūpono nā pae āpana āpau no ko lākou ola, me ka nānā ʻole i ka ʻāina, nā kūlana o ke aniau a me nā noho mahana.
ʻO ka wahi ulu nui loa ʻia me kahi mauʻu e like me ka mea e ʻole e hōʻeuʻeu ai i ka hilinaʻi hiki ke palekana loa, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, kahi pāka nani a hoʻonani ʻia me ka hoʻolālā ʻāina e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia me nā tikika a me ka weliweli paha.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole ke kumu o ka noho ʻana o nā noho aliʻi a me nā mauʻu i ʻokiʻoki ʻia i ka nele o nā tikika a ʻaʻole ia e pale aku i ka encephalitis. Aia ka manaʻo laha loa e noho ana nā kikika i nā kumulāʻau a kali no kā lākou poʻe i hōʻino ʻia ma laila, e lele pololei ana iā lākou mai nā lālā.
Akā he kaʻao maʻamau kēia i pili ʻole i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. Noho ʻo Ticks i ka mauʻu a kokoke i ka honua i hiki. Aia nā larvae kikoo i ka mauʻu ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 30 kenimika i hoʻokahi mika. Noho nā mites iā lākou iho ma nā ʻaoʻao i loko o nā lau o nā mea kanu e pili ana i nā wāwae wāwae a me nā ala holoholona a paʻa i nā mea e hoʻopā aku i kēia mea kanu.
Wahi a nā helu helu, ma ka maʻa mau kahi kik e nahu ai i kahi kanaka makua ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino: nā wāwae, ka ʻūhā, ke aʻa. Akā nahu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā keiki ma ka poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī. Akā, ʻelua i hoʻokahi a i kekahi hihia, aia nā nahu ʻelua i nā lima a i ke kumu hoʻi.
He aha ka ʻai o ka tick?
Kiʻi: Kau i ka nahele
ʻOkoʻa nā tikika i ke ʻano o ka hānai ʻana.
Ma kēia kumu, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau hui:
- saprophages;
- poʻe ʻaihue.
Pau nā Saprophages i nā koena meaola. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻike ʻia ai ia mau mite he mea pono loa no ke kūlohelohe a me ke kanaka, ʻoiai lākou e hāʻawi nei i kahi kōkua i ka hana ʻana o humus. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mite saprophagous e hānai i ka wai kanu. ʻO kēia nā mite parasite. ʻO kēia ʻano holoholona ka mea e hōʻeha nui ai ka mahiʻai, ʻoiai hiki iā ia ke luku i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā hua palaoa.
Aia kekahi mau mites e ʻai i nā ʻāpana exfoliated o ka ʻili kanaka - ka epidermis. Kapa ʻia kēia mites he mau ʻehu lepo a i ʻole nā ʻehu. Kūpono nā mite hale papaa no ka hānai ʻana i nā koena mea kanu e palaho, palaoa pala a me ka palaoa.
No kahi mite subcutaneite, ʻo ke koho kūpono ka momona subcutaneile, i lawe ʻia i nā follicle lauoho kanaka, a no ka mite pepeiao, nā momona o nā aʻa pepeiao. ʻO nā ticks Predatory ka mea parasitize i nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Me ke kōkua o kona mau wāwae, pili kahi tikiki omo koko iā ia iho i kāna mea pio, a laila neʻe pono i kahi o ka hānai ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i kahi kikiki kope koko ke koho i kāna huakaʻi - he tick herbivorous e like me ka mea nāna i hōʻeha.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Tick ma Lūkia
Hoʻomaka ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kikiki i ka wā waena - hopena o ka puna, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hopena o ʻApelila a me Mei mua. No ko lākou ala ʻana, pono e hoʻomehana ka honua a i ʻekolu a ʻelima mau kekelē. A hoʻomau kēia a hiki i ka hopena o ʻAukake, ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, a hiki i ka mahana o ka honua i hāʻule i ka māka like. ʻO ka heluna kanaka a me ka nui o nā tick e kaukaʻi pololei ʻana i nā kūlana anilā. Inā ʻaʻole wela ke kauwela a me ka ua nui, a ua hau ka hoʻoilo a ʻaʻole ikaika, a laila i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana e hoʻonui ka lehulehu a me ka nui o ka tick.
ʻO ka tick wahine, ma hope o ka omo ʻana i ke koko i ke kauwela a i ʻole ka hopena o ka puna, hoʻomoe i nā hua manu kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā larvae, akā nahu wale lākou i kekahi i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Akā, ʻo ka larva a i ʻole nymph, nāna i omo i ke koko mai ka mea hoʻokipa i kēia makahiki, neʻe i ke ʻano aʻe o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia makahiki. Ma hope o ke koho ʻana o ka tick i kahi mea pio a omo iā ia, hiki ke hala ma kahi o ʻumikūmālua mau hola ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana e omo i ke koko. Ma ke kino o ke kanaka, makemake nā mites i nā wahi huluhulu, a ma hope hoʻi o nā pepeiao, nā kuli a me nā kuʻe lima.
Ma muli o ka loaʻa o ka lawaiʻa me nā hopena anesthetic a me nā anticoagulants i kā lākou arsenal, ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia kā lākou nahu i ka mea hoʻokipa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaona ʻana o ke koko e ka hika he umikūmālima mau minuke. Hoʻololi ke ola o nā tick i ka loli. Noho nā mites lepo mai 65 a 80 mau lā, akā ke ola nei nā mites e noho ana i ka taiga ma kahi o ʻehā mau makahiki. A me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai, kaukaʻi ʻia i nā laha, ola nā tikika mai hoʻokahi mahina a i ʻekolu mau makahiki.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i ke kumu weliweli o ka nahu kik. E nānā pehea lākou e hana hou ai i ka nāhelehele.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Encephalitis tick
Hana ʻia ka hana hou ʻana o nā ticks i nā ʻano like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka ʻano holoholona. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ticks he oviparous. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā poʻe Viviparous. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ʻia nā kāne i nā wahine a me nā kāne.
Aia kekahi mau hanana o ka hoʻomohala holoholona:
- huamoa. I ka wā mehana o ka manawa, kau ka wahine, ma hope o ka piha o ka saturation me ke koko, i nā hua manu. Aia ka awelika paʻa i 3000 mau hua. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kinona o nā hua, ma ka oval a me ka pōʻai. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hua manu ma ke ʻano he pākēneka o ke kino o ka wahine;
- larva. Hoʻopiʻi ka larva mai ka hua manu ma hope o ʻelua mau pule. Hoʻohālikelike ia me kahi kikiki makua, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa wale nō ka nui ʻoiai ka liʻiliʻi. ʻEleu ka larvae i ke aniau mehana. Koho ʻia nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e like me ko lākou waiwai pio. Kū ka saturation piha me ke koko ma waena o 3-6 mau lā, a laila nalo ka larva;
- limu. Lilo ka tick iā ia ma hope o ka meaʻai maikaʻi mua. ʻOi aku ka nui ma mua o ka larva a he 8 mau lālā. Hoʻonui ka wikiwiki o kāna neʻe i kahi nui, no laila hiki iā ia ke koho i nā holoholona nui nona iho. ʻO ka pinepine ma ke ʻano he nymph, ka hapanui o nā tick e hoʻomanawanui i nā manawa anuanu;
- he makua. Ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, ulu ka nymph i makua, wahine a kāne paha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: ʻO ka momona o ka tick wahine he 17 tausani mau hua.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka tick
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka tick?
I ke kaulahao meaʻai, noho nā ticks i kekahi o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa. He aha ka weliweli a me ka hiamoe no ke kanaka, no nā manu a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e ʻai iā lākou, he lā nui. Nui a hewahewa nā hana a ke kanaka e mālama ai i ka tick tick. Akā kūleʻa ke kūlohelohe i kēia. Nui nā mea kolo a me nā holoholona e hānai iā lākou a hoʻomoe paha i nā hua i loko o lākou. Nā punawelewele, nā rana, nā moʻo, nā nalo, nā dragonflies, ʻaʻole kēia kahi papa inoa piha o kēlā mau mea, ʻike ia i ka tikika ʻaʻole kahi makaʻu, akā ka meaʻai.
Pēlā nō hoʻi, pepehi nā fungi i nā ticks, e loaʻa iā lākou i nā ʻano maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi. Ma muli o kēia ʻike, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻomāinoino lehulehu ʻana i kahi tikika a mauʻu mauʻu paha he mea pōpilikia ia, no ka mea e hoʻopilikia ʻia ke kaulike kūlohelohe, a e alakaʻi kēia i ka make o nā ʻoki ʻelua iā lākou iho a me nā ʻano e ʻai iā lākou
A ma aneʻi, ma hope o ka lawe ʻia ʻana o ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe mai ka pōloli, e ʻike ʻia kahi mite hou a e ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma nā wahi i koe o ka mauʻu e ola nei. Eia kekahi, ke puhi nei i ka mauʻu, puhi lākou i nā spores pahu kupapaʻu, nāna e hoʻopili i ka tikika a pale iā lākou mai ka hana hou ʻana a hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā lākou i nā maʻi make. A eia kekahi, ma hope o ka puhi ʻana, ulu ka mauʻu hou, ʻoi aku ka palupalu a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka mea i hala, a he hopena maikaʻi kēia i ka ulu ʻana o ka tikika.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Kikaha weliweli
He mea mahalo ʻole nā ticks. ʻO nā ʻano o kā lākou hāʻawi ʻana e hoʻoholo i ko lākou wahi noho ākea ma ka honua. ʻOiai i ka nui o kā lākou microscopic, no ka mea he parasites nā ticks, ma kahi holoholona ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke lanakila maʻalahi ma kahi mamao loa. ʻOiai hiki iā lākou iho ke neʻe i kahi mau mika ʻelua.
Ua noho ka tikika ixodid i ka mahele wela o Eurasia. Noho ʻo Taiga a me nā ʻīlio ʻīlio ma Siberia. Ua noho lākou i nā wahi o ka Hikina Loa a me nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baletika. I kēia manawa, hōʻike ʻia ka holoholona e 40 tausani mau ʻano kik. ʻO nā mea i makemake nui ʻia he mau tikika ixodid (encephalitis). Aia he 680 mau lika o ka hōʻailona kikoo ʻo ixodid i ka huina, akā ʻelua mau ʻano ke pāʻani i ka hana epidemiological nui nui: taiga a me nā tikika ulu lāʻau ʻEulopa.
Ke ulu nei ka heluna o nā ticks ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki. No ke aha e hana ʻole ʻia ai kēia i kēia lā. ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema a puni ka honua ke ʻike i ke kumu no ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu o nā tick. ʻO ka puhi ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka mahiʻai ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopili i ka ulu ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a i ʻole hōʻole i kekahi ʻano. I ka mahana a me ka pae o ka mahana maikaʻi loa, hiki i nā mites ke paʻakikī loa, no laila pilikia loa ka hoʻopau ʻana i kēia laha.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Hiki i kahi kikiki makua ke ola me ka ʻole o ka meaʻai no hoʻokahi makahiki.
Mite he holoholona omo koko koko-microscopic hiki ke loaʻa i kēlā me kēia kihi o ka honua i kēia lā. Kūpono kekahi holoholona iā lākou ma ke ʻano he mea ʻino. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mite ʻoka ʻole e hānai i ka kohu mea kanu. I kēlā me kēia makahiki ke ulu nei ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona, kahi e makaʻu nui ai no ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi i lawe ʻia e nā ticks i waena o ka lehulehu. Weliweli loa nā kikiki, no laila ke ʻimi nei nā kānaka i nā ʻano hana e hakakā ai i kā lākou hoʻolaha.
Ka lā paʻi: 08.08.2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 23:06
