ʻAʻole ʻike ka poʻe āpau ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o nā dinosaurs, piʻi ka luna nui ʻo Megalodon i ka piko o ka kaulaʻai, akā naʻe, ua hopu ʻia ka mana ma luna o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole ma ka ʻāina, akā i ka wai pau ʻole o ka Moana Honua.
Wehewehe Megalodon
ʻO ka inoa o kēia manō nunui e noho ana i ka Paleogene - Neogene (a e like me kekahi ʻike, ua hōʻea i ka Pleistocene) ua unuhi ʻia mai ka Helene "niho nui"... Manaʻo ʻia ua mālama ka megalodon i ke ola kai no kekahi mau manawa, e hōʻike ana ma kahi o 28.1 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei a komo i loko o ka poina e pili ana i 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Helehelena
ʻO kahi kiʻi intravital o kahi megalodon (kahi iʻa maʻamau o ka iʻa, ʻaʻohe iwi) i hana hou ʻia mai kona mau niho, a heleleʻi ʻia ma ka moana. Ma waho aʻe o nā niho, ua loaʻa i nā mea noiʻi ka vertebrae a me nā kolamu vertebral holoʻokoʻa, mālama ʻia ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka calcium (ua kōkua ka mineral i ka vertebrae e kū i ke kaupaona o ka manō a me nā ukana i hana ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā mākala).
Hoihoi ia! Ma mua o ka anatomist Denemaka a me ke kanaka hulihonua ʻo Niels Stensen, ua manaʻo ʻia nā niho o kahi manō make i mau pōhaku maʻamau a hiki i kona ʻike ʻana i nā papa pohaku me nā niho o ka megalodon. Ua hana ʻia kēia i ka kenekulia 17, a ma hope iho ua kapa ʻia ʻo Stensen ʻo ka paleontologist mua.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana, kūkulu hou ʻia kahi iwi manō (me ʻelima lālani o nā niho ikaika, nona ka huina o nā helu i hōʻea i 276), a, e like me nā paleogeneticists, ua like ia me 2 mau mika. A laila lālau lākou i ke kino o ka megalodon, hāʻawi iā ia i nā ana keu, i ʻano maʻamau no nā wahine, a hoʻokumu ʻia hoʻi i ke kuhi ua pili loa ka moʻo i ka manō keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka iwi iwi i hoʻōla ʻia, 11.5 m ka lōʻihi, like me ka iwi o ka manō keʻokeʻo nui, hoʻonui nui ʻia i ka laulā / lōʻihi, a hoʻoweliweli i nā mea kipa i ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Maritime Maryland (USA). ʻO kahi iwi poʻo pālahalaha nui, nā ʻāʻī niho nunui a me kahi ihu pōkole pōkole - e like me ka ʻōlelo a nā ichthyologists, "ma ka maka o ka megalodon he puaʻa." ʻO ka helehelena repulsive a weliweli hoʻi.
Ma ke ala, i kēia lā ua neʻe mua nā ʻepekema mai ka palapala kākau e pili ana i ka like o ka megalodon a me ka karcharodon (manō keʻokeʻo) a kuhi e kū i waho ua like ia me kahi manō one hoʻonui ʻia. Hoʻohui ʻia, ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka megalodon (ma muli o ka nui a me ka niche ecological kūikawā) ʻokoʻa loa i nā manō o kēia wā.
Nā ana Megalodon
Ke hoʻomau nei nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka nui o ka predator apex, a ua hoʻomohala ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hana e hoʻoholo ai i kona nui maoli: manaʻo kekahi e hoʻomaka ana mai ka helu o ka vertebrae, huki kekahi i ka like ma waena o ka nui o nā niho a me ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻIke mau nā niho triangular o ka megalodon i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻolaha ākea o kēia mau manō ma loko o ka Moana Honua.
Hoihoi ia! He ʻano like nā niho o ka karcharodon, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā niho o kona mea i make, ikaika, ʻekolu mau manawa a ʻoi aku ke kaulike. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka Megalodon (ʻano ʻokoʻa nā ʻano pili) nā lua o nā niho ʻaoʻao, a nalowale iki aku mai kona mau niho.
ʻO Megalodon ka mea kaua me nā niho nui loa (ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā manō ola a make ʻole) i ka mōʻaukala holoʻokoʻa o ka Honua.... ʻO ko lākou kiʻekiʻe oblique, a i ʻole ka lōʻihi diagonal i hōʻea i 18-19 cm, a ua ulu ka niho liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i 10 cm, ʻoiai ka niho o kahi manō keʻokeʻo (ka pilikua o ka honua manō o kēia ao) ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma 6 cm.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike a me ke aʻo ʻana i nā koena o megalodon, ʻo ia hoʻi nā vertebrae fossilized a me nā niho he nui, i alakaʻi ʻia i ka manaʻo o ka nui kolosal. ʻIke maopopo nā Ichthyologists hiki i kahi megalodon makua ke piʻi a 15-16 mau mika me ka nui o 47 mau tona. Manaʻo ʻia nā palena ʻoi aku ka nui he kontroversial.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā iʻa nunui, kahi a ka megalodon, ʻaʻa pinepine i kaʻauʻau kai - no kēia mea ʻaʻole lawa ka ikaika a me ka pae i makemake ʻia o ka metabolism. Hoʻohiohi ʻia kā lākou metabolism, a ʻaʻole ikaika ka neʻe ʻana: i ke ala, e like me kēia mau ʻōuli, ʻaʻole like ka megalodon me ka keʻokeʻo e like me ka manō kohola. ʻO kahi wahi nāwaliwali o ka superpredator ka ikaika haʻahaʻa o ka cartilage, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka ikaika i ka iwi o ka iwi, ʻoiai e noʻonoʻo ana i kā lākou hoʻonui ʻana i ka helu ʻana.
ʻAʻole hiki iā Megalodon ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona hana ma muli o ka pili o ka nui o nā mākala (musculature) i hoʻopili ʻia ʻaʻole i nā iwi, akā i ka cartilage. ʻO ia ke kumu e ʻimi nei i ka mōneka, e makemake e noho i kahi hoʻohālua, e pale ana i ka alualu ʻana: ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ka megalodon e ka wikiwiki a me ka lako o ka stamina. I kēia manawa ua ʻike ʻia he 2 mau ʻano hana, me ke kōkua o ka manō i pepehi i kāna mau mea i hōʻino ʻia. Ua koho ʻo ia i ke ʻano, e kia ana i nā ana o ka hale gastronomic.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka hana mua kahi ram haki, hoʻopili ʻia i nā cetaceans liʻiliʻi - ua hoʻouka ka megalodon i nā wahi me nā iwi ʻoʻoleʻa (poʻohiwi, luna o ka iwi, umauma) e haki iā lākou a hōʻeha i ka puʻuwai a i ʻole nā ake.
Ma ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hahau i nā mea ola, ua lilo koke ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ka hiki ke neʻe a make i nā ʻeha kūloko o loko. ʻO ka lua o ke ʻano o ka hoʻouka kaua i haku ʻia e ka Megalodon ma hope loa, i ka wā i komo ai nā cetaceans nui i kū i ka Pliocene i ka ʻāpana o kāna mau makemake holoholona. Ua loaʻa nā ʻIchthyologists i ka huelo vertebrae nui a me nā iwi mai nā palaka mai nā koholā Pliocene nui, me nā māka nahu mai ka megalodon. Ua alakaʻi kēia mau hopena i ka hopena o ka super-predator mua i hoʻoliʻiliʻi i kahi mea pio nui ma ka nahu ʻana / wāwahi ʻia ʻana o kona mau lihilihi a i ʻole nā palule, a laila pau wale nō.
Wā ola
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka megalodon ma mua o 30-40 mau makahiki (ʻo kēia ka nui o ke ola ʻana o ka manō maʻamau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i waena o kēia mau iʻa cartilaginous aia kekahi mau livers lōʻihi, e laʻa me ka manō polar, nona nā ʻelele e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ko lākou kenekulia. Akā noho nā manō polar i loko o nā wai anuanu, kahi e hāʻawi ai iā lākou i kahi palena o ka palekana, ʻoiai ka megalodon e noho ai i nā wai mehana. ʻOiai, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe ʻenemi koʻikoʻi o ka apex predator, akā ʻo ia (e like me ke koena o nā manō) pale ʻole i nā parasites a me nā bacteria pathogenic.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ua haʻi aku nā koena mōʻalihaku o ka megalodon i ka lehulehu o ka heluna kanaka o ka honua a noho ʻaneʻane i ka moana holoʻokoʻa, koe wale nō nā wahi anuanu. Wahi a nā ichthyologists, loaʻa ka megalodon i ka wai mehana a me nā wai subtropical o nā hemispheres ʻelua, kahi i piʻi ai ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi o + 12 + 27 ° C.
Loaʻa nā niho manō Super a me nā vertebrae i nā wahi like ʻole a puni ka hona, e like me:
- ʻAmelike ʻĀkau;
- ʻAmelika Hema;
- Iapana a me ʻInia;
- ʻEulopa;
- Nuhōlani;
- Aotearoa;
- ʻApelika.
Loaʻa nā niho o Megalodon mai nā ʻāina nui - e laʻa me ka Mariana Trench ma ka Moana Pākīpika. A ma Venezuela, ua loaʻa nā niho o kahi superpredator i loko o nā sediment wai wai, kahi i hiki ai ke hoʻoholo he maʻalahi ka megalodon i ke ola i ka wai hou (e like me ka manō bipi).
ʻAiʻai Megalodon
Ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia o nā koholā niho e like me nā koholā killer, ua noho ka manō monster, ma ke ʻano he luna nui, ma luna o ka pyramid meaʻai a ʻaʻole i kaupalena iā ia iho i ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai. Ua wehewehe ʻia ka laulā o nā mea ola e ka nui weliweli o ka megalodon, kona mau ā ā nui a me nā niho nui me kahi ʻoki pāpaʻu. Ma muli o ka nui, ua ʻaʻa ka megalodon me ia mau holoholona i hiki ʻole i kahi manō hou ke lanakila.
Hoihoi ia! Mai ka manaʻo o nā ichthyologists, ʻaʻole maopopo ka megalodon, me ka iwi ā pōkole, pehea (ʻokoʻa ka mosasaur nunui) e hopu a hoʻopau pono i ka mea pio nui. ʻO ka maʻa mau, haehae ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili a me nā mākala nui.
Ua hoʻokumu ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka meaʻai maʻamau o ka Megalodon he mau manō liʻiliʻi a me nā kuhukukū, nona nā pūpū i pane maikaʻi i ke kaomi o nā mākala iwi mana a me nā hopena o nā niho he nui.
ʻO ka papaʻai a Megalodon, a me nā manō a me nā kuhukukū, i hoʻopili ʻia:
- kohola kik Bowhead;
- kohola sperm liʻiliʻi;
- kohola kaha onionio;
- ʻae ʻia e nā cetops;
- cetotherium (kohola baleen);
- porpoises a me sirens;
- nā lūlū a me nā pinnipeds.
ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻulua ʻo Megalodon e hoʻouka i nā mea mai 2.5 a 7 m ka lōʻihi, no ka laʻana, nā koholā baleen primitive, ka mea hiki ʻole ke kū i ka superpredator a ʻaʻohe wikiwiki e pakele ai. Ma 2008, ua hoʻokumu kahi hui o nā kānaka noiʻi mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻAukekulia i ka mana o ka nahu megalodon e hoʻohana ana i nā simulate kamepiula.
Ua manaʻo ʻia nā hopena o ka helu ʻana he mea kupaianaha - kaomi ka megalodon i ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia he 9 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o kēlā me kēia manō o kēia manawa, a ʻo 3 mau manawa i ʻike ʻia ma mua o ka crocodile i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (ka mea paʻa i nā moʻo o kēia manawa no ka mana nahu) ʻOiaʻiʻo, e pili ana i ka ikaika nahu loa, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka megalodon i kekahi mau ʻano make, e like me Deinosuchus, Tyrannosaurus, Goffman's Mosasaurus, Sarcosuchus, Puruszaurus a me Daspletosaurus.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻOiai ke kūlana hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻole o kahi superpredator, he ʻenemi koʻikoʻi ka megalodon (he poʻe hoʻokūkū ʻai lākou). Kū ʻo Ichthyologists i waena o lākou nā koholā niho, ʻoi aku ka pololei, nā koholā sperm e like me zygophysites a me nā leviathans a Melville, a me kekahi manō nunui, ʻo kahi laʻana, Carcharocy chubutensis mai ka genus Carcharocy. ʻAʻole hopohopo nā koholā Sperm a me nā koholā mea pepehi kanaka i nā manō nunui a ʻimi pinepine megalodon ʻōpio.
Ka luku ʻana o megalodon
ʻO ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā lāhui mai ke alo o ka Honua i ka manawa i hoʻohui ʻia o ka Pliocene a me Pleistocene: manaʻo ʻia ua make ka megalodon ma kahi o 2.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, a ma hope paha - 1.6 miliona mau makahiki i hala.
Nā kumu hoʻopau
ʻAʻole hiki i nā Paleontologists ke inoa pololei i ke kumu i lilo i hoʻoholo no ka make o ka megalodon, a no laila ke kamaʻilio nei lākou i ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea (nā mea ʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe a me nā hoʻololi o ke aniau o ka honua). Ua ʻike ʻia i ka wā o Pliocene epoch, ua piʻi ka lalo ma waena o ʻAkau ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema, a ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā moana Pākīpika a me ʻAtelanika e ka Isthmus o Panama. ʻO nā au mehana, ua hoʻololi i nā ʻaoʻao, ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi i ka nui o ka wela i koi ʻia i ka Arctic, a ua anuanu maoli ka hemisphere ʻākau.
ʻO kēia ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili i ka nohona o nā megalodons, i maʻa mau i ka wai mehana. I ka Pliocene, ua hoʻololi ʻia nā koholā liʻiliʻi e nā mea nui, ʻoi aku ka makemake i ke aniau ʻākau o ke anu. Ua hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā koholā nunui, e ʻau ana i nā wai anuanu i ke kauwela, a ua lilo ka megalodon i kāna mea pio maʻamau.
Mea nui! Ma ka waena o ka Pliocene, me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka makahiki i ke pio nui, ua hoʻomaka ka pōloli o nā megalodons, kahi i hoʻomaka ai ka ʻōpuʻu o ka ʻai kanaka, kahi i pilikia nui ai ka ʻōpio. ʻO ke kumu ʻelua o ka pau ʻana o ka megalodon i ke ʻano o nā kūpuna o nā kohola kohola o kēia manawa, nā koholā niho, hāʻawi ʻia me ka lolo ulu hou aʻe a alakaʻi i kahi nohona hui.
Ma muli o ko lākou nui paʻa a kāohi ʻia i ka metabolism, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā megalodons i nā koholā niho ma nā ʻano o ka ʻauʻau wikiwiki a me ka maneuverability. Ua maʻalahi hoʻi ʻo Megalodon i nā kūlana ʻē aʻe - ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pale aku i kāna mau gills, a hāʻule pū kekahi i kekahi manawa i loko o ka neoneo tonic (e like me ka nui o nā manō). ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i ka hana pinepine ʻana o nā kohola kohola i nā megalodons ʻōpio (e peʻe ana i nā kai kahakai), a i ka hui ʻana, ua luku pū kekahi i nā mākua. Manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā megalodons hou loa i noho i ka Hemisphere Hema i make.
Ola ʻo Megalodon?
Kūpono kekahi mau cryptozoologists hiki ke ola ka manō monster i kēia lā. I kā lākou mau hopena, hele lākou mai ka papa hana kaulana: ʻike ʻia kahi ʻano he make inā ʻaʻole e loaʻa nā hōʻailona o kona kū ʻana ma ka honua ma mua o 400 tausani makahiki.... Akā pehea, i kēia hihia, e wehewehe i nā mea i loaʻa i nā paleontologists a me nā ichthyologists? ʻO nā niho "hou" o nā megalodons i loaʻa ma ke kai ʻo Baletika a ʻaʻole mamao aku mai Tahiti mai i ʻike ʻia he "kamaliʻi" - ʻo ka makahiki o nā niho i loaʻa ʻole ka manawa e fossilize loa he 11 tausani mau makahiki.
ʻO kekahi pūʻiwa hou loa i hala iho nei, mai ka makahiki 1954, ʻo ia nā niho nunui he 17 i paʻa i ke kia o ka moku Australia ʻo Rachelle Cohen a loaʻa ʻoiai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ka lalo o nā pū. Ua kālailai ʻia nā niho a ua hoʻoholo ʻia no ka megalodon lākou.
Hoihoi ia! Kāhea ʻo Skeptics iā Rachelle Cohen precedent i kahi hoax. ʻAʻole luhi ko lākou mau hoa paio i ka hana hou ʻana ua aʻo ʻia ka Moana Honua e 5-10% a hiki i kēia manawa, a he hiki ʻole ke kāpae loa i ka noho ʻana o kahi megalodon i kona hohonu.
ʻO nā mea mālama i ke kumumanaʻo megalodon o kēia manawa i mākaukau iā lākou iho me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa hao e hōʻike ana i ka hūnā o ka ʻohana manō. No laila, ua aʻo ka honua e pili ana i ka manō kohola i ka makahiki 1828 wale nō, a i ka makahiki 1897 wale nō i puka mai ai kahi manō hale mai ka hohonu o ka Honua Honua (ma ka huaʻōlelo a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia), ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he lāhui i hoʻopau ʻole ʻia.
I ka makahiki 1976 wale nō, ua kamaʻāina ke kanaka me ka poʻe noho o ka wai hohonu, nā manō waha nui, i ka wā i paʻa ai kekahi o lākou i ka heleuma heleuma i kiola ʻia e kahi moku noiʻi kokoke. Oahu (Hawaii). Mai ia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā manō nunui ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 mau manawa (maʻamau i ka hāʻule ʻana ma kahakai). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia i kahi scan scan o ka Honua o ka Honua, a ʻaʻohe mea i hoʻonohonoho i kahi hana nui no lākou iho. A ʻo ka megalodon ponoʻī, i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wai hohonu, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokokoke i ke kahakai (no ka nui o kona nui).
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- ʻO nā manō (lat Selachii)
- He moʻo moʻo koholā
- Koholā kaiā (Latin Orcinus orca)
- Narwhal (lat. Monodon monoceros)
ʻO nā hoʻokūkū mau loa o ka mano nui, nā kohola sperm, i hoʻololi i ka kaomi nui o ke kolamu wai a maikaʻi, e lele ana i 3 mau mile a lana i kekahi manawa e hāpai i ka ea. ʻO Megalodon, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, loaʻa (a i hana paha ia?) Loaʻa i kahi pono physiological i hōʻole ʻia - he mau gills e hāʻawi i ka kino me ka oxygen. ʻAʻohe kumu kūpono a Megalodon e hōʻike ai i kona alo, ʻo ia hoʻi he lana ka manaʻo e lohe ka poʻe e pili ana iā ia.
