He holoholona kupaianaha ʻo Kaluga, helu ʻia ia i loko o ka International Red Book a me ka Red Book o Russia, ma ke ʻano he ʻano iʻa iʻa ʻole o ka iʻa hou. He iʻa kālepa waiwai ʻo Kaluga, mahalo nui ʻia kāna caviar. Ma mua ua manaʻo ʻia he wai hou kēia iʻa, akā i kēia mau lā ua ʻike ʻia e noho pū kekahi ʻōpio ʻōpio i kahi kai nui ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ke kai ʻo Okhotsk.
Hōʻike o ka iʻa kaluga
No ka ʻohana Sturgeon ka iʻa, huikau pinepine me ka beluga... Akā ʻo kāna hiʻohiʻona nui a ʻike maʻalahi ʻia ka helu o nā kukuna ma ka fin dorsal - aia ma lalo o 60 o lākou.
Helehelena
Nui loa ʻo Kaluga, i kekahi manawa ulu ka poʻe mākua a 560 knm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia ma mua o 1 tone - manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa i oʻo moekolohe ma ka makahiki 16, ke hiki i ka lōʻihi o 230 cm, i ke kaupaona - ma kahi o 380 kg. ʻO ka nui o ke ola o Kaluga he 50-55 mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka holoholona i ʻōmaʻomaʻo pinepine-hina, keʻokeʻo pinepine ka ʻōpū.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻohui pū ʻia nā membrane gill i loko o kahi iʻa, a lilo ia i pā ākea ma lalo o ke āpau ma waena o nā gills.
Kiko iki ka waha a kiki paha, conical, ʻaʻole lōʻihi a pālahalaha iki ma nā ʻaoʻao. Ua lawa ka waha, ua like me ka crescent ma kona ʻano a aia ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a pau o ka ihu, e hele iki ana ma luna o ke poʻo. Ma nā kaʻe o ka waha ma Kaluga e kuʻi ʻia nā whiskers, me ka ʻole o nā pā lau.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
Nui a hewahewa nā ʻāpana iʻa — wahi kiko, muʻu a me Kaluga e ulu wikiwiki nei. Piʻi kēia mau holoholona āpau e huki i ka Amur. Aia kekahi Kaluga noho - ua manaʻo ʻia kona hiʻohiʻona he ʻano "noho" - ʻaʻole loa e iho ka iʻa i loko o ka lua wai ʻo Amur, a neʻe ʻole ma kāna kahawai.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ko Kaluga ola ʻana
ʻAʻole kū hoʻokahi ka moekolohe wahine a me nā kāne ma Kaluga i ka manawa like – makua kāne 1-2 mau makahiki ma mua. Mākaukau ka iʻa e hānai i nā keiki i ka makahiki 15-17, ke loaʻa i ka nui o 2m paha. Maliʻa paha, ʻo ke ola o kēlā me kēia kanaka ma kahi o 48-55 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻOiai kona inoa ʻano ʻē - Kaluga - ʻaʻole noho kēia iʻa i loko o nā kino wai o ka muliwai, akā i loko o ke kīʻaha Amur wale nō. ʻO ka lehulehu wale nō ka mea e hānau ai i ka Estur Amur.
Mea nui! Ma muli o ke koi kalepa kiʻekiʻe, ua nalowale kokoke ka iʻa mai nā wahi desalinated a me nā kahawai o ka Amur, kahi i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma mua.
ʻAi Kaluga
ʻO Kaluga kahi predator formidable maʻamau, i nā makahiki mua o kona ola e hānai ia i nā kaikaina liʻiliʻi a me nā invertebrates... ʻAi ka poʻe kahiko i nā iʻa nui o ka iʻa muliwai - ʻo ka salemona ka "mea ʻono" makemake nui ʻia na Kaluga.
I ka lua wai ʻo Amur (kahi e noho ai a me kahi e hoʻomoana ai ʻo Kaluga), ua lilo ka chum salmon a me ka salmon ʻākala i mea ʻai nui, a ma muli o ka emi nui ʻana o ka lehulehu o nā iʻa kalepa āpau i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, pinepine nā hihia kanibalism.
ʻO ka waha hāmama o ka mea ʻino e like me ka paipu - kūlohelohe maoli ia i ka mea pio me ke kahawai o ka wai. Nui loa nā makemake o ka iʻa - hiki i ka Kaluga ʻekolu mika ke ale maʻalahi i kahi salmon chum lōʻihi mika a i ʻole salona ʻākala - hiki i ka ʻōpū ke hoʻokau pono i kahi iʻa he ʻumi o kēia nui. ʻAe kēia makemake i nā laha e ulu wikiwiki a hiki i ka nui.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ʻano o kahi iʻa i loko o ka Amur i manaʻo ʻia he hoihoi a pohihihi hoʻi. Hōʻike nā ʻepekema i kēia ma ka neʻe lōʻihi ʻana o nā iʻa mai ka palena komohana i ka wā kahiko. Akā mau ia he mea pohihihi - i ka manawa, pehea a no ke kumu i puka mai ai kēia mau mea paʻa paʻa i ka puʻu ʻo Amur. Aia kekahi mana kahi Kaluga i noho iā Amur mahalo i nā manu neʻe i hāpai i kāna mau hua - akā ʻo kēia manaʻoʻiʻo ʻole he hiki ʻole ke lilo i mea ʻoiaʻiʻo.
Hānau wale ʻo Kaluga ma ka lepo one a me ka ʻiliʻili paha. Hana mau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana ʻana i Mei - Iune. ʻO ka nui o nā hua ma mua o ka hānau ʻana ma kahi o 25% o kona nui kaupaona, a hiki ka momona i 4-5 miliona mau hua. Hānau kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻehā a ʻelima paha.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua manu i ka ʻāpana o lalo - he anawaena ko nā hua ma kahi o 2-4 mm. Hoʻomohala nā Embryos ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano - koi ʻia kahi mahana o ka wai ma kahi o 18-19 ° C. Hana ʻia ka huamoa hua ma loko o 100-110 mau hola, ma nā kūlana wela haʻahaʻa, hoʻolohi ka embryonic i nā lā 15-17. Ua piʻi ka embryo i ka lōʻihi o 10-12 mm, ma hope o kekahi mau lā, hou ma lalo o ke ʻano o kahi mahana e pili ana, ulu ka iʻa i 18-22 mm a hoʻololi loa i kahi ʻano pilikino o ka hānai pilikino.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka palai ke nui a ma kahi o 30 cm a me ka nui o 20-100 gram. I loko o ka makahiki e ulu ka iʻa a 35 cm a loaʻa ke kaupaona a 150-200 gram. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, lilo ʻo Kaluga i mea wīwī - i kēia makahiki he mau hihia kanibalism lākou, a ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano iʻa ma mua o nā paʻa paʻa ʻē aʻe.
Mea nui! Aia ia ma ka lua wai ʻo Amur a ma nā ʻāpana waena o ka muliwai e ulu ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka iʻa ma mua o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o kā lākou wahi e noho ai.
Manaʻo ʻia nā kānaka makua moekolohe ma ka makahiki 20 a 25 mau makahiki, a hiki i 100 kg a me 230-250 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka lakio moekolohe ma waena o nā iʻa i hōʻea ʻole i ka ʻōpio ke ʻano like, akā ʻo ka nui o nā wahine makua ma Kaluga e lilo ana i pālua ka nui.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
No ka mea he predator ka iʻa Kaluga a hiki i ka nui maoli o nā nui maoli, ʻaʻohe ona ʻenemi kūlohelohe... Akā ʻo Kaluga he iʻa kālepa waiwai nui ia - he "waiwai" maoli no kahi lawaiʻa - ʻaʻohe ona ʻono palupalu a ʻono loa. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻohe iwi o ka iʻa. ʻO kēia mau mea maikaʻi i hoʻolilo i ka holoholona i mea o ka huli holoholona nui ʻole.
Hoʻopaʻa kūʻē nā Poacher i nā kānaka oʻo ʻole e kaupaona ana mai 5 a 20 kg, kahi e hōʻemi kūlohelohe i ka heluna kanaka o nā laha. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o ia ʻano hopu ʻana, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o nā laha e kekahi mau manawa he ʻumi, a me kāna papa hānau, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā iʻa Kaluga i loko o ka puke Red. Hiki ke mālama i nā laha mai ka luku wale inā kū kūlohelohe a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a hoʻopau loa ʻia a hana kope ʻia ma lalo o kekahi mau ʻano.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ʻia ka iʻa Kaluga i ke kūlana o kahi ʻano ʻaneʻane pau mua... ʻO kāna heluna kanaka he 50-55 tausani mau mākua wale nō (15 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha, ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 50-60 kg, 180 cm ka lōʻihi). i loko o nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻike ʻia kahi hōʻemi nui o ka helu o nā laha, kahi e pili ana i ka ʻaihue ʻana i ka heluna kānaka. Inā hoʻomau kēia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, a laila ma ka hopena o kēia mau makahiki he ʻumi e hoʻemi ʻia ka helu o Kaluga. A ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ua nalowale loa ka heluna kanaka o Kaluga.
Waiwai kālepa
ʻO ka iʻa o ka ʻohana Sturgeon, me Kaluga, i manaʻo mau ʻia he waiwai nui loa no kekahi mau palena. Akā ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea āpau, waiwai ʻia ka caviar i loko o ia iʻa, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea momona waiwai - iodine, omega-3 fatty acid, nā minelala, nā wikamina a me nā momona digestible maʻalahi, no laila e pono ai ke kino o ke kanaka. Hoʻohui ʻia, ke ʻano kūikawā o ka iwi iwi i kekahi ala e hoʻopili ai i ka ʻai ʻana o ke kanaka i kēia iʻa - ka nele o nā iwi a me ka iwi kuamoʻo e ʻaneʻane e hoʻohana i ka 85% o kona kino no ka kuke ʻana i nā ipu mai Kaluga.
Hoihoi ia!Mai ka manaʻo o ka lāʻau, ʻo ka cartilage iʻa kahi hondoprotector kūlohelohe, ka hoʻohana ʻana e hoʻolohi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka arthrosis a me ka osteoarthritis.
ʻO ke kaupaona liʻiliʻi o ke kaupaona ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela, ka nui a me nā peculiarities o kahi o ka lāʻau adipose i ka iʻa Kaluga e hoʻolilo iā ia i huahana gastronomic i makemake nui ʻia. ʻO kēia mau mea i lilo i kumu no ka hopu ʻana o nā holoholona ma kahi pālākiō nui a ʻo ia nā "lawehala" nui o ka luku ʻia o nā laha.
