ʻO ka marten ʻAmelika (Martes americana) i manaʻo ʻia he lālā o ka ʻohana mustelidae a pili i nā māmela karnivorous. ʻOkoʻa ia mai nā martens pine e noho ana ma ʻEulopa i nā paws nui a me kahi mu mu māmā.
Ka wehewehe o ka marten ʻAmelika
ʻO ka marten ʻAmelika he huelo o ka lōʻihi maikaʻi, fluffy, ʻo ia ke kolu o ka lōʻihi o ke kino holoʻokoʻa o ka holoholona, mai 54 a 71 cm i nā kāne a mai 49 a 60 cm i nā wahine. Hoʻololi pū nā martens i ke kaupaona mai 0.5 a 1.5 kg.
Helehelena
ʻO ka like o kēia ʻano marten me nā mea ʻē aʻe he maʻalahi ke huki: ʻo ke kino o ka marten ʻAmelika he elongated, lohi, ʻo ka hulu o kahi kanaka olakino mānoanoa, ʻālohilohi, ʻeleʻele. Eia kekahi, he ʻeleʻele huluhulu auburn paha nā holoholona o kēia ʻano. ʻO ka ʻāʻī ma lalo (shirt-mua) he melemele ia, akā ʻoi aku ka pouli o nā wāwae a me ka hiʻu. Liʻiliʻi a poepoe nā pepeiao.
Hoihoi ia! Kui ka ihu, kuhi, i ka waha haiki aia he 38 mau niho ʻoi. ʻElua mau ʻāpana ʻeleʻele i kū i ka maka i ka maka i luna.
ʻO nā māiʻu o ka holoholona he hapalua elongated a ʻoi - e neʻe maikaʻi ma nā lālā a me nā kumu o nā kumulāʻau, kekeʻe ko lākou ʻano... Kōkua nā kapuaʻi nui e neʻe i ka uhi hau, a pōkole nā paws, ʻelima mau manamana wāwae o lākou. ʻIke ʻia ka like o nā martens ʻAmelika a me ka sable - ke ʻano o ke kino e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻike i nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau. Māmā a liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.
Ka nohona ola, hana
He dexterous ka marten ʻAmelika, akā ʻo ka mea ʻimi holoholona akahele, hilahila, pale i nā kānaka, ʻaʻole makemake i nā wahi ākea. Pakele mai nā mea hōkai nui ma nā kumulāʻau, kahi hiki ke piʻi wikiwiki a deftly i ka hihia o kahi weliweli. Hoʻoikaika nui kēia mau martens i ke kakahiaka nui, i ke ahiahi a me ka pō. Ma kahi o ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i kēia mau holoholona i kahi kaʻawale nani, koe wale nō ka wā hānau. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o nā kāne ʻelua i kā lākou mau ʻāina ponoʻī, kahi a lākou e ʻelemu ai e pale aku ai mai nā mea i komo i loko o nā ʻelele ʻē aʻe o kā lākou ʻano.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻo Martens i ko lākou "aupuni" me ke kōkua o kahi huna i hūnā ʻia mai nā glande e waiho ana ma ka ʻōpū a i ka ihu, e waiho ana i ko lākou ala o ka pilau ma nā lālā lāʻau, nā ʻaʻā a me nā kiʻekiʻe ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā kāne ke uhi i kahi o 8 km2., wahine - 2.5 km2... Hoʻohuli ʻia ka wahi o kēia mau "waiwai" e ka nui o kēlā me kēia, a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā meaʻai e pono ai a me nā lāʻau i hina, nā hakahaka ʻē aʻe i mea nui no ka noho ʻana o martens a me nā mea ola i komo i loko o kāna papaʻai.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hiki i nā wahi o nā kāne a me nā wahine ke hoʻopili a hoʻopili hapa kekahi i kekahi, akā ʻaʻole kūlike nā ʻāina o nā martens like me kēlā me kēia, ʻoiai kēlā me kēia kāne kāne a wahine paha e pīhoihoi nei i kāna mau "ʻāina" mai nā mea i komo i loko o kahi moho ʻē aʻe o kāna moekolohe.
I ka manawa like, hiki i ke kāne ke hoʻāʻo e hopu i kā haʻi ʻāina i mea e hoʻonui ai i kāna wahi hahai holoholona. Hele a puni ka marten i kāna "waiwai" ma kahi o kēlā me kēia mau lā he ʻumi.
ʻAʻohe hale paʻa o Martens, akā hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma mua o ke kakini hale malumalu ma ko lākou ʻāina i nā lua o nā lāʻau i hāʻule, nā lua, nā lua - i loko o lākou e hiki ai i martens ke hūnā mai ke anilā a peʻe paha inā pono. He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi kēia mau holoholona ke alakaʻi i ka nohona noho a me nā nohona nomadic, a he ʻōpio ka hapa nui o lākou, e hele wale nei i kahi ala kūʻokoʻa i ke ola, e ʻimi paha i nā panalāʻau i noho ʻole ʻia e kekahi poʻe ʻē aʻe a i ʻole e ʻimi i nā wahi momona i ka meaʻai. ...
ʻOiai he hermits ʻAmelika martens, ʻimi ʻimi wale lākou, neʻe neʻe i nā lālā i ka pō a i ke ahiahi a, i ka hopu ʻana i kā lākou meaʻai kūpono, hoʻouka mai hope ma hope o ke poʻo, e nahu ana i ka huelo. He hana hoʻomohala hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻo Martens, a ʻo ka neʻe ʻana ma nā lālā lāʻau e kōkua i kēia mau mea ʻaihue e ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā holoholona liʻiliʻi e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai ma ka honua.
Nui ka hoihoi o Martens, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hāʻule i loko o nā pahele i hoʻolālā ʻia e hopu i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe - nā lāpaki, no ka laʻana... Ua ʻike ʻia e ʻauʻau a luʻu maikaʻi hoʻi lākou. Hiki iā Martens ke lanakila i ko lākou makaʻu i ke kanaka ke loaʻa ka hemahema kūikawā o ka meaʻai ma ka pūnaewele, a laila hiki iā lākou ke komo i loko o ka hale moa a ʻoiai hiki ke lawa i ka ʻiʻo o hoʻokahi manu wale nō, hiki i ka pīhoihoi hopu holoholona ke hoʻokuke iā lākou e luku i nā mea a pau a i ʻole ka nui o ka poʻe hulu.
Wā ola
Noho kēia mau lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana wea i ka nahele no kahi o 10 - 15 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho nui kēia mau māmala holoholona laka i loko o nā ululāʻau huikau a me nā ʻeleʻele coniferous o Kanada, Alaska, a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ʻĀkau. Hiki i ka nohona o nā martens ʻAmelika nā ululāʻau coniferous kahiko o ka spruce, pine, a me nā conifers ʻē aʻe, a me nā ululāʻau huikau o nā lāʻau deciduous a me coniferous, kahi e loaʻa ai nā pine keʻokeʻo, spruce, birch, maple a me fir. Hoʻoiho kēia mau nahele kahiko i nā martens me nā kumulāʻau heleleʻi he nui a lākou e makemake ai e noho. I kēia manawa, ua mālama ʻia kahi ʻano no ka noho ʻana o nā ululāʻau huikau a ʻōpio ʻole me nā martens ʻAmelika.
ʻAiʻAmelika marten
Hoʻokomo ʻia kēia mau holoholona predatory e ke kūlohelohe me nā ʻano maikaʻi e kōkua iā lākou i ka hopu holoholona, ʻoiai ʻo kaʻiʻo e noho i kahi wahi nui i kā lākou papaʻai. No laila, i ka pō, hiki i nā martens ke hopu pono i nā squirrels i nā pūnana, a i ka hoʻoilo loaʻa iā lākou ka manawa kūpono e ʻeli i nā tunnels lōʻihi ma lalo o ka hau i ka ʻimi ʻana i nā rodents like me ka ʻiole.... ʻO nā lāpaki, nā chipmunks, nā ʻāpana, nā rana, nā amphibians ʻē aʻe a me nā mea kolo, a me nā iʻa a me nā kolo kekahi mea maikaʻi loa na lākou. Hiki i ke Carrion a me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu ke komo i ka papaʻai o kēia mau holoholona inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o nā meaʻai holoholona i ka ʻāina o ka noho. ʻAʻole e hāʻawi ʻo Martens i nā hua manu, a me kā lākou mau moa, ʻulā, nā ʻanoʻano a me ka meli.
Hoihoi ia! Pono e ʻōlelo ʻia ua makemake nui kēia mau holoholona i ke komo ʻana ma kahi o 150 g o ka meaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, akā hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka liʻiliʻi.
Akā lawe lākou i ka ikaika nui e kiʻi i ka nui o ka meaʻai i makemake ʻia - hiki i nā martens ke uhi i kahi mamao ma mua o 25 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai e lele nui i nā lālā lāʻau a ma ka honua. A inā hōʻike ka mea pio o martens i ka hana nui i ke ao, a laila i kēia hihia hiki i ka marten ke hoʻololi i kona aupuni a alakaʻi hoʻi i ka huli holoholona. Hiki i ka marten ke hūnā i nā mea pio nui i kahi mālama.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Hiki i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka marten ʻAmelika ke lilo i holoholona nui a me nā manu nui. Eia nō naʻe, hana ʻia kahi makaʻu nui i ke ola o kēia mau holoholona e nā kānaka ma muli o kā lākou mana i ke kūlohelohe a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ka hulu.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Hoʻomākaukau nā martens ʻAmelika no ke kau moʻo i ke kauwela: ʻO Iulai a ʻAukake ka manawa kūpono loa no ka hānau ʻana. Mahalo i nā māka ma nā lāʻau a me nā lālā i hana ʻia e nā ʻelele o nā kāne ʻelua o kēia mau wea me ke kōkua o nā anal anal, hiki i ke kāne a me ka wahine ke loaʻa maʻalahi kekahi i kekahi, e kia ana i ka pilau. ʻO ke kamaʻilio leo ʻana ma waena o nā poʻe o ka wahine ʻē aʻe ma o nā kani ʻino, like me ka ʻakaʻaka ʻana. ʻO ka rut iho mau ia no 2 mau pule, kahi o ke kaʻina o ka noho aloha ma waena o ke kāne a me ka wahine a me ka moʻa ponoʻī. Ma hope o ka uhi ʻana o ke kāne i ka wahine, nalowale kāna hoihoi iā ia a holo kiki e ʻimi i kahi hoa ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hāpai ʻana o marten he 2 mau mahina, akā ʻaʻole ia e hoʻomaka me ka ikaika ma hope koke o ke kūleʻa ʻana, akā he ʻeono wale nō mahina ma hope, kahi o nā embryos momona i loko o ka kōpū i kahi kūlana latent i kēia manawa, a laila hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomohala e hōʻoia i ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki i ʻo ka wā maikaʻi loa no kēia ka wanaʻao (Malaki-ʻApelila). Hoʻopili ʻia ka pūnana o ka marten me ka mauʻu a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Kūkulu nā makuwahine marten e hiki mai ana i nā pūnana i nā kahakai o nā lāʻau kū a hina paha. ʻO nā keiki mai 3 a 6 mau kuli a me nā maka makapō e kaupaona ana ma kahi o 25 gram. Hoʻomaka ka pepeiao e hana i kā lākou hana ma hope o 26 mau lā o ke ola, a hoʻomaka ka maka e wehe i 39-40 mau lā. Hana ʻia ka lactation ma waena o 2 mau mahina.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻokumu ʻia nā niho waiū o nā pēpē marten e 1.5 mau mahina, i kēia makahiki hoʻomaha ʻole nā keiki, no laila e neʻe nā makuahine i ko lākou pūnana i ka honua i mea e pale ʻole ai i ko lākou make mai ka hāʻule ʻana mai kahi kiʻekiʻe.
I ka hala ʻana o 3-4 mau mahina o nā martens ʻōpio, hiki iā lākou ke mālama pono i kā lākou mea pio, ke hiki aku i ka nui o ke kanaka makua, no laila haʻalele lākou i ka pūnana makua e ʻimi i ko lākou mau panalāʻau. Hana ʻia ʻo Puberty i nā martens ʻAmelika ma 15-24 mau mahina, a mākaukau lākou no ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki ma 3 mau makahiki. He wahine wale nō nā keiki hānau, me ke komo ʻole o nā kāne.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka alualu pinepine ʻana a me ka luku ʻia ʻana o nā ululāʻau ua hoʻemi i ka helu o nā laha a i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he laha kēia ʻano, pono e mālama iā ia i mea e pale ʻole ai i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlana. No nā kānaka, he hulu ka waiwai o ka marten ʻAmelika, hopu ʻia ia e hoʻoliʻiliʻi i ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻohiʻohi ʻenehana o ka squirrel, ka lāpaki a me nā holoholona ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hānai ʻia. ʻO ka hōʻeha nui i ka helu o ka marten ʻAmelika e hoʻokumu ʻia e nā pahele no ka lawaiʻa ʻana ma kekahi ʻano holoholona, ʻoiai, ma muli o ko lākou hoihoi, ʻike pinepine nā lunamaka o kēia ʻano weasel iā lākou iho ma kahi o nā holoholona i nā pahele.
Hāpai ka ʻoki ʻana i ka martens i ka manawa kūpono e ʻimi holoʻokoʻa i ko lākou mau panalāʻau, e hoʻemi ana iā lākou a kipaku aku i nā holoholona i pono no martens mai iā lākou, a laila e hōʻemi ana i kāna lako meaʻai. ʻO ke kū ʻana o ke kanaka i alakaʻi ʻia i ka hoʻohaunaele ʻana i ka nohona o marten, e hōʻemi ana i ka helu o kēia mau holoholona hulu. I kekahi mau wahi, kahi e emi nui ai nā ʻelele o kēia ʻano, a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka helu.
