Pehea e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kapa i kahi holoholona e like me ke dia ʻulaʻula i ke kūkulu a me ka nui, a i ka helehelena he hui ʻē o ke kāmelo a me kahi hipa. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia e nā kamaʻāina o ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, nā Indechua Quechua, “wanaku", ʻO ka manaʻo" hihiu "," ʻano maikaʻi ʻole ".
Mai kēia ʻōlelo mai ka inoa a mākou i ʻike ai - guanaco, holoholona lōkō mai ka ʻohana kāmelo, ke kūpuna kahiko o ka llama. Ua ʻike mua ʻo ʻEulopa e pili ana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona, nā holoholona ʻāhiu a holoholona hoʻi e nā poʻe ʻAmelika kūloko, e like me ka huanaco (guanaco), i ka waena o ke kenekulia 16 mai ka puke a ka mea kākau moʻolelo Sepania, mea huakaʻi, koa a kahuna ʻO Pedro Cieza de Leon.
Ua kipa pono ʻo ia iā ʻAmelika Hema, a huakaʻi nui i loko ona, a laila wehewehe lanakila ʻana (lanakila) o ka ʻāina nui i kāna puke "Chronicle of Peru". Mai ke poʻo inoa o ka puke e akāka ai ma ka ʻāina hea kahi e noho ai ʻo guanaco.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
He lahilahi ke kino o ka guanaco, e ʻōlelo paha kekahi me ke aloha. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e noʻonoʻo i nā wāwae elongated a me ka ʻāʻī "kāmelo", hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe maoli no kahi antelope a i ʻole dia. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma kahi o 1.5 mika, ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā poʻohiwi he 1.15 m.
ʻO kēia nā palena awelika, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, aia nā hoʻololi ʻana mai ka nui a ka ʻaoʻao liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka nui a hiki i ka 20-25 cm. Eia pū me ke kaupaona. I ka poʻe mākua, hiki iā ia mai 115 a 140 kg, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o ka wahine. Mālama ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi i ke kaulike ke hele wāwae.
Hiki iā Guanacos ke holo i nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe
Nānā ke poʻo i ka liʻiliʻi, poepoe i kona kinona, elongated e like me ka llama, a hoʻonani ʻia me nā pepeiao hoʻoneʻe liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pepeiao ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka lōʻihi o ke poʻo. Kū pololei lākou, akā hiki ke hoʻololi i ko lākou kūlana ma muli o ka mokuʻāina o ka māmela.
ʻO ke ʻano o ka waha, ʻo ke kāmelo a me ka hipa. ʻEleʻele nā maka a nui loa, lōʻihi nā maka maka, mai kahi mamao aku ke nānā aku nei ka holoholona iā ʻoe ma o ka lorgnette. ʻO kahi huelo hipa, 15-25 cm ka nui, kaomi ʻia i ke kino. He wīwī a kiʻekiʻe nā wāwae, ʻelua mau manamana wāwae nā wāwae, aia wale nō ke kolu a me ka hā o nā manamana wāwae i mālama ʻia.
He haiki nā wāwae, lawe lima, ʻoki ʻia ma waena o nā manamana wāwae. Ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā lālā, ʻike ʻia nā maka o nā manamana lima i nalo, i kapa ʻia ʻo "chestnuts". He manoanoa ka huluhulu, lōʻihi, wavy iki, kahi o ka undercoat pōkole a me ka lauoho lōʻihi a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi. Pena ʻia i ka terracotta a i ʻole ke kala ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula.
I kekahi manawa aia nā mālamalama a i ʻole nā ʻeleʻele i ke kino. Māmā nā wāwae, ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻōpū, ʻaneʻane keʻokeʻo. Hinahina ʻeleʻele ka waha, a hina hina nā pepeiao. Kiʻi ʻia ʻo Guanaco ma kekahi ʻaoʻao ke nānā aku ka hoʻopā, mahalo i nā maka pulu nui, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao - haʻaheo no ka kiʻekiʻe o ka auwaha, hoʻowahāwahā ʻia ke ʻano o ka holoholona.
Nā ʻano
ʻAʻohe ʻano o kēia mea. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā llamas, nā vicuñas a me nā alpacas he ʻohana pili loa ia o guanacos. ʻO nā holoholona ʻehā i luna, ʻāhiu ʻelua a ʻo nā mea ʻelua ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia mai kēlā mauhele ʻāhiu.
- Llama Noho ʻo (Lyama) ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma Peru ka hapanui. ʻO nā artiodactyls ʻelua - llama a me guanaco - ʻo ia ka genus o llamas. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka llama ka ʻano guanaco kūloko, ua hoʻomaka ke kaʻina hana o ka vetication ma kahi o 5000 mau makahiki i hala. Ua ʻoi iki kā lākou kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana hihiu, pōkole ke poʻo a haiki, kū pololei nā pepeiao a liʻiliʻi, huluhulu nā lehelehe, ʻoi aku ka like o ka llama me ke kāmelo, ʻaʻohe ona puʻupuʻu. Akā hui pū ʻia lākou me nā ʻīlio kēne hope loa i ka iwi ā luna a me nā pads calloused o nā kui kope. ʻAi pū lākou i ka kāpili a kuha aku paha inā piss.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ke kala o ka ʻahu - piebald, ʻulaʻula, hina a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Manaʻo ʻia ka hulu he waiwai, hana ʻia nā ihoiho mai ka momona, a hoʻohana ʻia ka manure me he wahie. Hoʻohana ka poʻe kūloko iā lākou ma ke ʻano he holoholona o ka ukana, maʻalahi ka llamas e lanakila i ka mauna paʻakikī a hiki i 40-50 km i kēlā me kēia lā, me kahi ukana a 100 kg.
- Vicuna (Vigon) kahi māmela kahu pūlū ʻia, ʻike ʻia lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻano monotypic i ka ʻohana kāmelo. Noho pū ia ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma nā wahi mauna o Chile, Peru, ʻEkuatoa, ʻApelika a me Bolivia. Ma waho, he ʻano like lākou me nā guanacos. Lilo iki i ka nui, a ʻoi aku ka lokomaikaʻi i ke kūkulu ʻana. ʻAʻole hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi i 1.5 m, a ʻo ko lākou kaumaha he 50 kg. He puʻupuʻu ka hulu, ʻulaʻula melemele i ke kino o luna ("kala vigoni"), ma ka haʻahaʻa - ʻoi aku ka palupalu, ka malu o ka waiū i hoʻomoʻa ʻia. Mānoanoa loa ia a pale maikaʻi i ka holoholona mai ke anuanu o ke kuahiwi. ʻO kahi kūlana kūikawā o nā vicunas ke kū mau o nā incisors haʻahaʻa e ulu mau ana. Hoʻohālike kēia iā lākou e like me nā rodents, ʻaʻohe o nā artiodactyls i hōʻailona like.
Ma nā pali o nā kuahiwi, liʻiliʻi loa nā mea kanu, a palupalu a maʻalahi hoʻi ko lākou mau ʻūlū, no laila makemake lākou e ʻike i nā kula liʻiliʻi i ulu ʻia me ka mauʻu a hānai ʻia ma laila. ʻAʻole no lākou kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi ma ke kuahiwi.
- ʻAlaka (paco) - ka hā o nā holoholona e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema, a Cieza de Leona i hoʻohui ai ma lalo o ka manaʻo nui o nā "kāmelo o ka Honua Hou." Ua ʻokoʻa lākou mai nā kāmelo o ko mākou ʻāina ʻike iā mākou ma ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi puʻupuʻu. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o Alpacas ma mua o ka llama, ke kaumaha nei ma kahi o 70 kg a he palupalu, a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi e like me nā hipa e like me nā guanacos. ʻO ka hulu hipa ma ko lākou mau ʻaoʻao a hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi. Ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe India o Peru e hoʻokau iā lākou ma mua o 6,000 mau makahiki i hala, e like me ka ʻike DNA hou loa, mai nā vicuna. Hoʻonui nui ʻia lākou no ka hulu hipa, kahi a lākou e hana ai i nā kapa humuhumu a hoʻomehana maikaʻi hoʻi, nā kapeta a me nā lole. Hana ʻia nā mea hoʻomanaʻo like ʻole a me nā mea hale mai ka ʻili.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Guanaco ma nā kuamoʻo a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o nā Andes, a me nā wahi ulu lāʻau kokoke a me nā wao akua. Holo ko lākou wahi noho mai Tierra del Fuego ma ka hema o ka ʻāina nui a hiki i ka ʻākau o Peru, ma o Chile a me ʻAtenitina. Noho kahi kaiāulu liʻiliʻi ma ka hema o Paraguay. E wehe a ʻike maka ʻia kā lākou nohona, no ka mea guanaco holoholona hilahila loa.
ʻO ka hui kaiaulu kahi harem. He kāne makua ke alakaʻi, kū ʻo ia ma ke poʻo o kahi ʻohana wahine a me nā ʻōpio, he 20 mau poʻo wale nō. Ke oʻo a oʻo nā kāne ʻōpio i 6-12 mau mahina, kipaku ka alakaʻi iā lākou i waho o ka pā. Hiki iā ia ke hana me ka wahine, inā luhi ʻo ia iā ia. Mālama ʻia nā kāne kāne makua i nā hui ʻokoʻa a mele like paha.
Hoʻāʻo nō nā holoholona ʻelemakule a i ʻole nā holoholona i nalo i kā lākou wahine e noho kaʻawale. Aia ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e ka ohana ohana ma muli o ka ʻāina o ka noho. Hoʻopili ke kāne i ʻole e komo kekahi i kā lākou hakahaka. I nā makahiki aniau maikaʻi ʻole wale nō, hōʻuluʻulu nā ʻohana a me nā ʻohana kāne like a like ʻole i kahi nui a hiki i ka 500 poʻo a huli pū i ka meaʻai.
Ke hānai holoholona nei, nānā mau ke kāne a puni. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi hōʻailona ʻoi loa me ka whist, a hoʻomaka ka ʻōhua holoʻokoʻa i kahi holo wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki o 55-60 km / h. Uhi ke alakaʻi iā ia iho ma hope.
Ke pale nei mai nā ʻenemi, nahu lākou a keʻehi, akā holo pinepine lākou i kekahi manawa, ma waena o ka wai, ʻoiai he ʻauʻauʻau maikaʻi nā guanacos. Luha pū lākou me ka hui ʻana o ka ihus mucus a me ka lawai. ʻO ia ʻano "ʻano maikaʻi ʻole" i hōʻeuʻeu i nā Indians kahiko e kāhea iā lākou "wanaku". I ka pio ʻana, he akahai loa lākou a me nā holoholona cuddly, keu hoʻi i ka wā ʻōpio. Hōʻike ka poʻe kahiko i ko lākou hoʻowahāwahā i nā kānaka ma nā ʻano hiki āpau.
Meaʻai kūpono
ʻO nā Guanacos he mea ʻai pono ʻole, ʻai wale lākou i nā mea kanu. Noho pinepine i nā wahi ʻoʻoleʻa, mahalo ʻole lākou a ʻaʻole capricious i kā lākou koho. ʻAi lākou i nā mea kanu, hiki iā lākou ke hana me ka ʻole o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Inā hiki, inu lākou ʻaʻole wale ka hou, akā wai wai liʻiliʻi hoʻi.
Ma nā kapuaʻi o nā Andes, hānai lākou i nā ʻano kumulāʻau ʻelua - mulinum a colletia. Hoʻolālā kēia mau mea kanu ʻelua i nā kūlana maloʻo a kuhikuhi pono i ka lā. ʻO nā laikini, nā lau, nā cacti, nā hua, nā huaʻai a me nā pua i hoʻokomo ʻia i kā lākou papa kuhikuhi.
I ka pouli, hoʻomaha mau lākou, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kakahiaka, ala aʻe ka ikehu, i ke ao, hoʻopau ʻia ka hana e ka maha i nā manawa he nui. I ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi, hele ka pipi i nā wahi wai. I nā zoo, hānai ʻia nā guanacos me ka mauʻu, a i ke kauwela hāʻawi lākou i ka mauʻu a me nā lālā. Hoʻopili ka papaʻai i ka oats, nā mea kanu, germ germ, corn.
Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe kipa ʻaʻole e hānai i nā holoholona me nā ʻāpala a me nā kāloti, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka berena. Hiki i kahi holoholona ke make i ka palaoa. Inā kokoke, ʻaʻole ia he pololi, akā makemake wale e kamaʻilio.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka wā hānau (rut) o nā guanacos i ke kauwela, ʻo ke kauwela wale nō ka lōʻihi o nā lōʻihi i nā wahi kahi e noho ai. I ke kūkulu ʻākau o ka laulā, mālama ʻia ke kau male ma Iulai-ʻAukake, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema ka lōʻihi a hiki i Pepeluali. E hakakā ikaika nā kāne no ka wahine, nahu kekahi i kekahi, keʻehi, kū i luna i ko lākou mau wāwae hope e like me nā kāmelo.
Kaua maoli lākou, i kekahi manawa e waiho ʻeha loa ana ke kaua. Hoʻomaka ka hero lanakila e koho wahine. Hoʻokahi paha o lākou mau kāne, i ka wā e hiki mai ana nāna ke kuleana no nā mea āpau. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana i ka wahine he 11 mau mahina.
I ke kiʻi, kahi guanaco me kahi cub
Hāpai ka makuahine i hoʻokahi pēpē, nona ke kaumaha ma kahi o 10% o ke kaumaha o ka makuahine. Inā hānau ʻia he ʻelua mau keiki, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻole ola kekahi. I ka hapalua hola mua, ua ala aʻe ke keiki ma luna o kona mau ʻūlū, i kekahi manawa ua kū kēia hanana mana i ka lima o ka minuke.
Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hānai ma hope o 2 mau mahina, akā hoʻomau ka hānai ʻana o kona makuahine iā ia me ka waiū no ʻelua mau mahina. I ka makahiki 8 ona, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he kūʻokoʻa, a hiki i ka wā ʻōpio e 2 makahiki. ʻO ke ola o nā guanacos i nā kūlana kūlohelohe he 20 mau makahiki, i ke pio ʻana - a i 28 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ka holoholona, kahi mea makaʻu e like me ka guanaco he nui nā ʻenemi. ʻO ka mea mua, nā mea hōkai nui mai ka ʻohana feline. ʻOi loa ka cougar. Lurks ʻo ia i loko o ka ululāʻau, hele i ka hopu holoholona i ka wā ahiahi, wikiwiki loa a dexterous. Hiki iā ʻoe ke pakele mai ia mea wale nō ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana iā ia i ka manawa.
Lilo pinepine nā keiki a Guanaco i waiwai pio na ka holoholona. Hoʻohui ʻia, manaʻo ʻia nā ʻīlio hae, ʻīlio a me nā kānaka weliweli no nā guanacos. No laila, hoʻāʻo nā llamas hihiu e piʻi kiʻekiʻe i nā kuahiwi i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou iho i ka makaʻu.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Guanacos he mau holoholona maʻemaʻe, no ka mea, he ʻano kupaianaha kā lākou e hele nei i ka lua i kahi puʻu maʻamau. ʻAʻole pono nā Indians e hoʻohana ana i ka lepo no ka wahie e hele wāwae a hōʻiliʻili iā ia no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
- ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka hopu ʻana iā lākou, akā hoʻohana pinepine ka poʻe aborigine i ka hoʻopunipuni. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i ka hoihoi loa o kēia mau holoholona. Moe ka mea hahai holoholona i ka honua a hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i kona mau wāwae a me nā lima i ka lewa, a ʻaneʻane piʻi mau ka guanaco e nānā i ka hoihoi. Maʻaneʻi hiki ke hopu maʻalahi ʻia iā lākou.
- Inā pale ʻia kahi ohana ʻohana mai kahi makaʻu e kahi alakaʻi kāne, a laila i nā ʻāpana kāne like kāne kāne mai nā kāne kāne makua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā "kahu kiaʻi" kūikawā no ka pale a me ka hōʻailona hōʻailona, a hiki iā lākou ke pani i kekahi i kekahi.
- Ua wehewehe maopopo loa ka mea kamaʻāina Pelekane a me ka mea kākau ʻo Jeld Darrell i ka guanaco. ʻO ka wehewehe ākea a me ke kala o ke kāne a me kāna mau ipo wahine ʻekolu, a ʻo nā keiki ʻelua i hele e hoihoi i ka huakaʻi, hoʻonāukiuki i ka palupalu. ʻOi loa, i kāna kākau ʻana, ua hauʻoli ka hapalua wahine o ka huakaʻi, "nona ka helehelena hala ʻole o ka mea i kipaku aku ai i nā ʻuhane hoihoi a me nā lisps." Pēlā ka guanaco - nani, akahele, akā hoihoi loa.
