He manu ʻokoʻa e like me wahie, i ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻano hana noʻeau like ʻole. E hoʻomanaʻo wale kekahi i "Notes of a Hunter" na I.S. ʻO Turgenev. He plumage nani a hoʻohālikelike ka lāʻau Woodcock, ma nā ʻēheu hoʻi. E hoʻāʻo mākou e kālailai i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka hana nui a kēia manu, mai ka mōʻaukala o kona kumu a hiki i ka nui o ka nui o nā manu.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Woodcock
He mea hulu ʻo Woodcock no ka ʻohana snipe a me nā charadriiformes. Ma ke ʻano laulā, i ke ʻano o nā woodcock, ʻewalu ʻano like loa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau manu e ke alo o kahi nuku lahilahi a elongated, kahi kino squat a me nā camouflage hulu ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele. Ma waena o nā laha āpau, he nui wale ka mahele o ka pālua, a ua hoʻokau ʻia nā heluna o ke koena.
No laila, i waena o nā ʻano o nā woodcock, aia:
- wahie;
- ʻO Amami wahie;
- Pākuʻi lāʻau ʻo Malay;
- wahie Bukidnon;
- Pahu lāʻau Moluccan;
- ʻAmelika lāʻau lāʻau;
- lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau;
- ʻO New Guinea wahie.
E noʻonoʻo kikoʻī mākou i ka lunamakaʻāinana mua mai kēia papa inoa o nā manu. Ma ke kani o ka inoa manu, hiki i kekahi ke lohe he aʻa Kelemania kona, a i loko o Lūkia hiki ke unuhi ʻia ma ke ʻano he "sandpiper nahele". Kāhea lākou i ka lāʻau lāʻau i kekahi ala ʻē aʻe, e kapa ana iā ia he krekhtun, kahi ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, he birch, he boletus, he one i uka, he slug.
Mea hoihoi: Hāʻawi ʻia ka woodcock me nā huluhulu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka pena. He ʻōlelo aʻoʻoi kā lākou, a aia lākou ma nā ʻeheu o ka manu. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ia mau peni e nā mea pena kiʻi kūloko Lūkini, hana lākou i nā hahau a me nā laina maikaʻi loa. I kēia manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka pena kiʻi ʻana i nā pahu, nā pahu kūpaka a me nā huahana hoʻomanaʻo hoʻomanaʻo ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Manu Woodcock
Hiki ke kāhea ʻia ʻo Woodcock he manu nui aʻe, like kona nui me ka manu nūnū, he one one ia me ke kumukānāwai paʻa loa. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi nuku pololei a lōʻihi. Hoʻololi ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka manu mai 33 a 38 cm, hiki i ka ʻēheu mai 55 a 65 cm, a ʻo ka paona o nā woodcock mai 210 a 460 gram.
Video: ʻO Woodcock
ʻO ka plumage o kēia wader he pala-brown mai luna mai, ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula a me nā kahakaha hina e ʻike ʻia ma luna. ʻO kahi kala ʻulaʻula me nā kahakaha ʻāpana o kahi kala ʻeleʻele e lanakila ana ma lalo; ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi kala hina ma nā wāwae a me ka nuku. Ma ka laulā, loaʻa i ka nuku lahilahi o ka manu kahi ʻano cylindrical a me ka lōʻihi o 7 a 9 cm. Ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā maka kiʻekiʻe o ka wahie, no laila he hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa ko ka manu a hiki ke nānā i nā wahi 360 a puni iā ia iho. ʻO kahi ʻāpana kala ʻeleʻele ʻokoʻa e holo ana mai ke kumu o ka nuku i ka maka. A ma ke poʻo o ke poʻo he ʻekolu mau kaha lonikū hoʻi, ʻelua ʻeleʻele a hoʻokahi kukui. He mau ʻeheu pōkole a ākea hoʻi kā ka wahie, a i ka lele ʻana ua like ia me ka pueo.
Mea hoihoi: He paʻakikī loa e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi wahie makua mai nā holoholona ʻōpio; hiki i kēia mea ke hana wale ʻia e kahi ʻoihana ʻike i kekahi ʻano ma nā ʻēheu o nā manu ʻōpio, a ʻo ko lākou hulu ke ʻano ʻeleʻele iki aʻe ma mua o nā mākua.
He mea kūpono ia e ʻōlelo ʻia he loea ke ʻano o ka lāʻau lāʻau, ʻoiai ma kahi mamao loa ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia, hui pū ʻia me ke kaiapuni e pili ana, ua like kona ʻano me ka mauʻu maloʻo o ka makahiki i hala a me nā lau maloʻo. Eia hou, ʻaʻole e kumakaia ka wahie iā ia iho me nā leo like ʻole a me nā ʻūlū, e waiho wale ʻia nei me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia i ka nāhelehele.
Ma hea e noho ai ʻo Woodcock?
Kiʻi: Woodcock ma Lūkia
Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo ua koho ka lāʻau lāʻau i ka ʻāina Eurasia holoʻokoʻa, e koho ana i nā ululāʻau a me nā wahi ululāʻau o nā ululāʻau no kāna mau wahi pūnana. Ua pālahalaha ka manu ma nā panalāʻau o ka USSR ma mua, ʻaʻole ia e loaʻa wale ma Kamchatka a me nā wahi o Sakhalin. He neʻe aku ʻo Woodcock a he kauho hoʻi, pili ia i ke aniau o nā panalāʻau kahi a lākou e noho ai. ʻO nā manu i hoʻonoho ʻia ma Caucasus, ma ka Crimea, ma ke kai ma ke komohana o ʻEulopa, ma nā mokupuni ʻAtelanika ʻaʻole e neʻe i kēlā me kēia wahi i ka hoʻoilo, e waiho ana ma ko lākou wahi noho.
Hele auwana ka Migratory wahie me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu mua, i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa, hilinaʻi hou nā mea āpau i ka wahi kikoʻī o ka noho ʻana. Hele ʻo Woodcock i ka hoʻoilo ma ka ʻāina:
- Inia;
- Ceylon;
- ʻIrana;
- Indochina;
- Apekanikana;
- ʻĀkau o ka ʻāina ʻApelika.
Lele ka manu i ka hema, ma ke mele hoʻokahi a ma nā pūʻā hipa, a laila hoʻi ka hapa nui o lākou i ko lākou wahi noho mua.
Mea hoihoi: Hoʻomaka ka lele manu i ka hema i ke ahiahi a i ke kakahiaka nui paha. ʻO ka maʻamau, lele nā lāʻau lāʻau i ka pō, inā ʻae ke aniau, a i ke ao, makemake nā manu e hoʻomaha.
Hoʻonohonoho nā manu i nā pūnaewele pūnana i nā wahi nahele deciduous a i ʻole huikau, kahi o ka lepo momona a me ka lāʻau make, ʻo ka undergrowth he raspberry a me nā hazel. Noho ʻo Woodcocks kahi e ulu ai nā blueberry, nā ferns like ʻole a me nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa ʻē aʻe. Makemake nā manu i nā wahi kokoke i nā kino wai, noho ma kahakai o kahawai, kahi e nānā ai lākou i nā meaʻai na lākou, a makemake e hoʻomaha i nā kaʻe māmā a me nā maloʻo a me nā kope Hōʻalo nā Woodcock i nā ululāʻau māmā. I ka wā hoʻoilo, hoʻopili nā manu i nā biotopes like, e hana pinepine ana i ka neʻe ʻana, e ʻimi nei i nā meaʻai na lākou.
He aha ka ʻai a ka lāʻau lāʻau?
Kiʻi: Woodcock i ka lele ʻana
ʻO ke kumu, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi Woodcock he ʻeneworm, kahi i ʻoi aku ka nui i ka wā o ka pūnana ʻole ʻana, no laila ʻimi nā manu i ka meaʻai kahi maikaʻi, humus, papa lepo.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka papaʻai manu kahi o nā kolo like ʻole a me kā lākou larvae, ʻo ia hoʻi:
- Zhukov;
- punawelewele;
- earwigs;
- sawflies;
- centipedes.
Aia nō nā kīʻaha mea kanu i ka papa kuhikuhi, akā i nā mea liʻiliʻi, pili pū lākou me: ka palaoa, nā palaoa, nā hua oat, nā wana mauʻu ʻōpio, nā hua. I ka wā o nā lele, hiki i nā lāʻau wahie ke meaʻai māmā i nā poʻe wai wai liʻiliʻi (crustacean, mivalus bivalve, iʻa a me nā rana liʻiliʻi).
ʻO ka manawa kēia e hōʻike ai i ke ʻano o ka huna o ka nuku o kahi manu elongated a lahilahi, kona ʻano a me ka nui e kōkua i ka lāʻau lāʻau e kiʻi i ka meaʻai liʻiliʻi mai nā ʻōpū o ka lāʻau e ʻaneʻane me ka ʻole o nā mea keʻakeʻa. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka piko o ka nuku me nā hopena nerve supersensitive, i hiki ke ʻike i nā kukuna o nā ilo i ka mānoanoa o ka honua e nā nalu haʻalulu e kū mai ana iā lākou. I ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, neʻe aku nā manu i ke ahiahi a i ʻole i ka pō, hele wāwae mālie lākou ma waena o ka nāhelehele a i ʻole ke kapakai o ke kūpā, e ʻimi ana i kahi mea ʻono ma ka hoʻohuʻu ʻana i ko lākou nuku elongated i ka papa lepo palupalu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Woodcock
Hiki ke kapa ʻia nā Woodcock he hermits, makemake lākou i ka noho hoʻokahi, a i ka hui i nā pūʻulu wale nō ke ʻākoakoa lākou i nā wahi hema. Noho hāmau kēia manu, lohe ʻoe i kona leo i ke kau moʻo wale nō. I loko o kēia wā, palu nā kāne, ke kani ʻana o nā leo mālie e like me ka namunamu, kāhea ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona iā lākou he "grunting". Ma hope o ʻekolu a ʻehā mau mele ʻōhū hoʻi, hiki mai ka hopena o ke mele, i ʻike ʻia e kahi ʻāwīwī kiʻekiʻe "qi-tsik", i lohe ʻia no nā haneli mau mika. I ka wā e alualu ai nā kāne i ka poʻe hoʻokūkū i ka lewa, hiki pono ke lohe i ka uē nui ʻana o ka naʻau o "plip-plip-piss", e ala pinepine kēlā mau kaua ma waena o nā kāne-makahiki mua.
He mea hūnā ʻo Woodcock, ʻo ka nohona ka nui o ka pō. I ka manawa pōʻeleʻele lākou e hele ai e ʻimi i nā meaʻai, a i ka lā a lākou e mākaukau pono iā lākou iho i nā ulu lāʻau like ʻole, e hana ana i kēia me ke ʻano akamai, mahalo i ke kala ʻano o ka plumage. ʻO ka hana ola o nā woodcock e like me ka pueo, makaʻu kēia mau waders i nā hoʻouka kaua a nā poʻe ʻaihue, no laila ke hana nei lākou ke ʻeleʻele. I ka wā e lele ai, ua like pū nā woodcock me nā pueo.
Inā kokoke loa ka mea ʻaihue i ka lāʻau lāʻau, a laila lele koke ka manu. ʻO ke kala ʻōniʻoniʻo o ka hulu ma lalo o nā ʻeheu e huikau ai ka ʻenemi no kekahi manawa, e hāʻawi ana i ka manawa no ka manu e peʻe ai i ka lei aliʻi. He mau mākau lele maoli nā Woodcock, no laila he mea maʻamau no lākou e hana i nā huli paʻakikī loa a me ka pirouette i ka wā lele.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Woodcock i ka hoʻoilo
Ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma mua he mau loners nā wahie, no laila ʻaʻole nā ʻona ʻohana ikaika i ko lākou ala. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pālua manu no kahi wā pōkole i mea e hānau hou ai i nā keiki. Ke ʻimi nei nā kāne i nā hoa, e hana ana i kahi o nā leo kāhea kūikawā ke lele lākou ma luna o nā ʻāina. Manaʻo lākou e pane paha kekahi wahine i kā lākou leʻaleʻa.
Hana ʻia no kekahi manawa, hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea i kā lāua kahua e hoʻomoe ai, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lau, lumi, mauʻu a me nā lālā liʻiliʻi no kāna kūkulu ʻana. I loko o kahi paʻa o nā wahie wahie, aia he 3 a 4 paha mau hua, ʻo ka pūpū e pāhola ʻia me nā specks. ʻO ka hatching o nā keiki ma kahi o 25 mau lā. Ma hope o kēia manawa, hānau ʻia nā pēpē pēpē, kāhiko ʻia me kahi kahakaha e holo ana ma ke kua, a i ka wā e hiki mai ana e lilo i kā lākou kala ʻokoʻa, kahi kāleka kāhea a kahi manu.
Pono e hoʻohui ʻia aia wale nō kahi makuahine hulu e hana nei i ka hānai ʻana i nā pēpē, ʻaʻole pili ka makuakāne i ke ola o kāna keiki. He paʻakikī ka wahine, pono ʻo ia e ʻimi i ka meaʻai a pale i nā pēpē mai ka poʻe makemake kīpaku. Ka pale ʻana i nā keiki mai ka makaʻu, lawe ka makuahine iā lākou me kāna mau ʻūhā a i ʻole ka nuku e lawe iā lākou i kahi mehameha i hiki ʻole ai i nā mea ʻaihue. Ulu nā keiki a kūʻokoʻa koke.
ʻEkolu mau hola ma hope o ka hatching, kū nā moa ma ko lākou mau wāwae, a i ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau pule lele lele lākou mai ka pūnana makua e ʻimi i ko lākou ola kūʻokoʻa, ma lalo o kahi hanana kūpono, hana kēia mau manu 10-11 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka wahie
Kiʻi: Woodcock i ka nahele
ʻOiai ʻike ʻia nā woodcock e kahi tālena poʻokela no ka hūnā ʻana, nui ko lākou mau ʻenemi. ʻAʻohe mea hōʻeha o ka manu i ke ao, no ka mea ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa nā Woodcock i ka lā, hoʻomaka lākou e hana i ka wā ahiahi. Akā weliweli loa nā mea ʻēheu nocturnal no kēia mau waders. No nā pueo a me nā pueo aeto, he mea hoʻokipa ka Woodcock, hiki iā lākou ke hopu pono i ka lele. Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana, ke kali nei ka makaʻu no ka snipe a ma ka honua, ma aneʻi hiki iā lākou ke lilo i poʻe wīwī, badger, ermine, marten, fox, ferret. Weliweli loa nā wana no nā wahine e pā ana i nā hua a me kā lākou mau keiki hānau hou.
Aia i waena o nā ʻenemi o nā lāʻau ʻāhiu nā rodents a me nā hedgehogs ʻaihue i nā hua manu a me nā pēpē hulu. He mea weliweli ʻelua hoʻi nā wāwae i kapa ʻia nā manu. ʻO ka nui o nā manu e make i ka wā lele, a kū kēia ma o ka hewa kanaka. Manaʻo ke kanaka i ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana i kēia ʻano manu he hana hanohano a pīhoihoi hoʻi. I ka wā o ka lele, ʻuʻā pinepine nā lāʻau wahie, hāʻawi iā lākou iho i nā mea ʻimi holoholona, hoʻohana pinepine i nā hoʻopunipuni kūikawā i mea e paʻa ai ka ipu i makemake ʻia.
I kekahi mau mokuʻāina, pāpā ʻia ka ʻimi ʻana i nā woodcock, i nā panalāʻau o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻoholo ʻia nā wā kūikawā no ka huli holoholona. ʻAe ʻia nā hana pale e ʻae ʻia e ʻimi kāne wale nō. ʻO ka anti-poaching a me nā hana pale a me nā hana pāpā kūikawā e pale aku ai i kēia mau manu, e pale ana i ka heluna manu mai ka hoʻokokoke ʻana o ka make.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Manu Woodcock
He nui nā kumu maikaʻi ʻole e hoʻopili i ka heluna o nā lāʻau lāʻau, akā, ʻo ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole i makaʻu kēia mau manu, a noho mau ka ʻāina o kā lākou noho ʻana, e like me ka wā ma mua. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, he lāʻau koa makemake ʻia i kahi lāʻau hopu holoholona, hana pinepine nā amateur i nā holoholona i hoʻopihapiha ʻia, no ka mea he nani a nani nā manu.
Mea hoihoi: Hiki ke hāʻawi palekana ʻia ʻo Woodcock i nā manu "kūloko", no ka mea, ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia i nā moʻolelo o nā mea kākau moʻolelo Lūkini e pili ana i ka hopu holoholona (Chekhov, Turgenev, Troepolsky, Tolstoy, etc.)
No ka pale ʻana i ka woodcock mai nā hana ʻimi holoholona, ua hoʻohana lōʻihi nā ʻāina he nui i nā hana pāpā a i ʻole kapu, kahi mea nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka heluna manu i ka pae kūpono. No nā manu, ʻaʻole ka hoʻoweliweli nui ka hopu holoholona pololei, akā ʻo ke kūlana kaiaola a me ka hoʻemi ʻana o nā wahi noho o kēia mau manu, no laila e noʻonoʻo ka poʻe e pili ana i kā lākou hana luku a noʻonoʻo ʻole hoʻi e hōʻeha i ka hapa nui o ko mākou mau kaikaina liʻiliʻi, e like me nā lāʻau lāʻau.
No ke kūlana mālama o kēia mau manu hoihoi, e like me ka IUCN, ʻo kēia mau manu ke kumu o ka hopohopo ʻole, he nūhou maikaʻi kēia. Hiki iā mākou ke lana wale a hana i nā hana āpau e hōʻoia i kahi ʻano maikaʻi e pili ana i nā helu manu i koe i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
I ka hopena, hoʻomau ia e hoʻohui i kēlā wahie nani loa, mahalo i kona plumage hoʻohālike. He mea kupaianaha maoli ka ʻike ʻana iā ia, no ka mea makemake ka hulu e peʻe a he loea hoʻi o ka huna. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hiki iā mākou ke mahalo i kona nani wale nō i ke kiʻi paʻi, akā ʻike i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻole ʻia o kēia manu me ka nalo, e māmā ka naʻau, ʻālohilohi a hauʻoli hoʻi.
Lā paʻi: 23.02.2020
Lā hou: 12.01.2020 ma 20:46
