Swan Whooper He manu laha nui loa ʻo ia ma UK akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka i lilo i ka hoʻoilo ma aneʻi ma hope o kahi huakaʻi lōʻihi mai ʻIlia. He melemele hou aku kona ma kona nuku melemele-ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka swan Whooper kekahi o nā ʻano swan ʻoi aku ka nui.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Whooper Swan
ʻO Whooper swans pūnana i loko o nā ululāʻau-tundra a me taiga ma Eurasia, ma ka hema o ka laulā ʻo Buick swan, e hoʻonui ana mai Iceland a me ka ʻākau ʻo Scandinavia ma ke komohana a hiki i ke kapakai o Lūkia Pākīpika ma ka hikina.
Ua wehewehe ʻia ʻelima mau heluna nui o nā swans whooper:
- ka heluna kanaka o Iceland;
- ka heluna kānaka o ʻEulopa komohana ʻĀina ʻEulopa;
- ka heluna kanaka o ke Kai ʻEleʻele, ke Kai Kai Hikina Hikina;
- ka heluna kanaka o Western Siberia a me Central, ke kai Kasepiana;
- heluna kanaka o Asia Hikina.
Eia nō naʻe, he kakaikahi wale nō ka ʻike e pili ana i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka swan whooper ma waena o ke Kai ʻEleʻele / hikina o ke Kaiwaenahonua a me ke Komohana a me Central Siberia / Caspian Sea mau wahi, a no laila ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau manu ma ke ʻano he heluna nui o ko Lūkia pūnana noho.
ʻO ka nui o ka heluna kanaka Icelandic ma Iceland, a ʻo ka hapa nui e neʻe i 800-1400 km ma ʻō o ka Moana ʻAkelanika e ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka mea nui i Pelekane a me ʻIlani. Ma kahi o 1000-1500 mau manu i koe i Iceland i ka wā hoʻoilo, a hilinaʻi ko lākou helu i nā kūlana anilā a me ka loaʻa o ka meaʻai.
Video: ʻO Whooper Swan
ʻO ka heluna nui o ʻEulopa Continental ʻEulopa ma waena o ka Scandinavia ʻākau a me Lūkia komohana, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o nā hui i ka hema (ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā mokuʻāina ʻo Baltic: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania a me Polani). Hele ʻo Swans i ka hema a i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka mea nui ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo ʻEulopa, akā ʻike ʻia kekahi poʻe ua hiki i ʻEnelani hema hikina.
ʻO ka heluna o ke kai ʻEleʻele / Hikina Hema o ka Hikina Hema i Siberia Komohana a maliʻa paha ma ke komohana o nā Ural, aia paha kekahi kekelē o ke keʻa e pili ana me ka poʻe Komohana a me Central Siberia / Caspian Sea. Heluna kanaka o Western a Central Siberia / Caspian heluna kanaka. Manaʻo ʻia he hānau ia ma Central Siberia a i ka hoʻoilo ma waena o ke kai Caspian a me Lake Balkhash.
Hoʻolahalaha ka heluna o East Asia i nā mahina kauwela ma Kina ʻākau a me ka taiga hikina Lūkia, a me nā hoʻoilo ma Iapana, Kina a me Korea. ʻAʻole maopopo piha nā ala neʻe, akā ke hoʻomaka nei ke kāhea ʻana a me nā polokalamu i ka hikina o Rūsia, Kina, Mongolia a me Iapana.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka swan whooper
ʻO ka swan Whooper kahi swan nui me ka awelika o 1.4 - 1.65 mau mika. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o ka wahine, averaging 1.65 mika a me ke kaupaona ʻana ma kahi o 10.8 kg, ʻoiai kaupaona o ka wahine ma mua o 8.1 kg. ʻO ko lākou ʻēheu he 2.1 - 2.8 mau mika.
ʻO ka Whooper Swan he plumage keʻokeʻo maʻemaʻe, pūnaewele a me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele. ʻAlani-melemele ka hapa o ka nuku (ma ke kumu), a ʻeleʻele ka piko. ʻOkoʻa kēia mau māka ma ka nuku mai kēlā me kēia. Hoʻonui ʻia nā māka melemele i kahi kāʻei o ke kumu a i ʻole ma hope o nā puka ihu. ʻO ka swans Whooper kekahi ʻano kū i kū i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā swan ʻē aʻe, me ke kūlou iki ma ke kumu o ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o ke kino. ʻEleʻele ʻeleʻele nā wāwae a me nā wāwae, akā e hina ʻākena a i ʻole me nā kiko ʻulaʻula i nā wāwae.
Loaʻa i nā manu ʻōpio nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo, akā ʻaʻole manuahi nā manu ʻāhinahina. Pākuʻi hina nā swan Fluffy i ke kala me kahi kalaunu ʻeleʻele iki, nape, poʻohiwi a me ka huelo. ʻŌmaʻomaʻo keʻokeʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka pubescence mua, ʻeleʻele ma ka piko. Huli keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo o kēlā me kēia kanaka, ma nā helu ʻokoʻa, i ka wā o ko lākou hoʻoilo mua, a hiki i nā makahiki i ka puna.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoiʻO nā swans Whooper nā leo kiʻekiʻe, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, me nā bele e like me nā swan o Buick, akā me kahi leo hohonu, sonorous, eerie. Hoʻololi ka ikaika a me ka pitch e pili ana i ka pōʻaiapili, mai nā leo nui, mau i ka wā o nā hālāwai kūpikipiki a me nā ʻoliʻoli lanakila ʻana i nā walaʻau mālie ma waena o nā manu a me nā ʻohana paʻa.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kāhea e hoʻokumu i ka mana ma nā hipa i ka hōʻea ʻana i ka pūnaewele hoʻoilo. He mea nui nā leo kuʻi poʻo i ka mālama ʻana i ka pilina o ka wahine a me ka ʻohana. Nui aʻe ka leo o lākou ma mua o ka lele ʻana, ke hoʻololi nei i kahi kani tonal kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka lele. Hana nā ʻōpio ʻōpio hulu i nā leo kani keu i ka wā pilikia a kelepona ʻoi aku ka laulima i nā manawa ʻē aʻe.
Mai Iulai a ʻAukake i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻo wai ka poʻe nāna i hoʻolei i nā hulu lele i kā lākou wahi hānau. Loaʻa i nā manu pālua kahi ʻano molt asynchronous. ʻAʻole like ia me nā swans a Buick, kahi e ʻike ʻia ai nā makahiki hoʻokahi e nā ala o nā hulu hina, ʻike ʻole ʻia ka plumage o ka hapa nui o nā hoʻoilo mai ka poʻe mākua.
Ma hea e noho ai ka swan whooper?
Kiʻi: ʻO Whoan swan i ka lele
He laulā ka laulā ʻo Whooper a loaʻa ʻia i loko o ka zona boreal ma waena o Eurasia a me nā mokupuni kokoke. Hele lākou i mau mile he haneli a mau mile paha i ka ʻāina hoʻoilo. Hele pinepine kēia mau swan i nā wahi hoʻoilo a puni ʻOkakopa a hoʻi i ko lākou wahi hānau ma ʻApelila.
ʻO wai ka swans sw Whooper i Iceland, ʻAkau ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia. Hele lākou mai ka hema no ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ke komohana a me waena o ʻEulopa - a puni ka Moana ʻEleʻele, ʻAla a me Caspian Seas, a ma nā kahakai kai o Kina a me Iapana. Ma Pelekane Nui, hānai lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Skotlandia, ʻo ia hoʻi ma Orkney. Hoʻoilo lākou i ka ʻākau a me ka hikina o ʻEnelani, a ʻo ʻIlani hoʻi.
ʻO nā manu mai Siberia hoʻoilo i nā helu liʻiliʻi ma nā mokupuni ʻo Aleutian, Alaska. Hele ka poʻe neʻe i kekahi manawa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma ke komohana o Alaska, a kakaʻikahi loa i ka hoʻoilo ma ka hema ma ke kahakai Pākīpika i Kaleponi. Hiki ke pakele i nā puʻu kaʻawale a liʻiliʻi hoʻi, ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ma ka ʻākau hikina, mai ka pio ʻana a me ka poʻe i haʻalele iā ʻIlia.
ʻO Whooper swan mates a kūkulu i nā pūnana ma ke kahakai o nā wai wai hou, nā loko, nā muliwai pāpaʻu a me nā kahawai. Makemake lākou i nā wahi noho me nā mea ulu ulu, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pale hou aʻe no ko lākou pūnana a me nā swans hānau hou.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e loaʻa ai ka swan ʻo wai mai ka Red Book. E ʻike kāua i ka manu nani e ʻai?
He aha ka ʻai a ka swan ʻo wai?
Kiʻi: ʻO Whoan swan mai ka Red Book
ʻAi nui nā swans Whooper i nā mea kanu wai, akā ʻai pū lākou i nā hua, nā mauʻu, a me nā huahana mahiʻai e like me ka palaoa, kaʻuala, a me nā kāloti - keu hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo ke loaʻa ʻole nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe.
ʻAi wale nā swans ʻōpio a ʻōpio ʻole i nā insect wai a me nā crustacea, no ka mea he ʻoi aku ka nui o ka protein i koi ʻia ma mua o nā mākua. Ke hele a makua, loli kā lākou papaʻai i ka papaʻai mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia me nā mea kanu wai a me nā aʻa.
I nā wai pāpaʻu, hiki i ka swan Whooper ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mau wāwae pūnaewele ikaika e ʻeli i ka lepo i lū ʻia, a e like me nā mallard, kūlou lākou, kuʻu i ko lākou poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī ma lalo o ka wai e hōʻike i nā aʻa, nā ʻōpuʻu, a me nā paipu.
ʻAi ka swan Whooper i nā invertebrates a me nā mea kanu wai. Hāʻawi ko lākou ʻāʻī lōʻihi iā lākou i ka maka ma luna o nā ʻāʻī pōkole ʻoiai hiki iā lākou ke hānai i nā wai hohonu ma mua o nā geese a i ʻole nā ʻāpō. Hiki i kēia mau swans ke hānai i nā wai a hiki i ka 1.2 mika ka hohonu ma ka huki ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā lau a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu e ulu ana i lalo o ka wai. Hānai pū kekahi ʻo Swans i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu mai ka papa o ka wai a i ʻole ke kaʻe o ka wai. Ma ka ʻāina, hānai lākou i ka palaoa a me ka mauʻu. E hoʻomaka ana i ka waena o nā makahiki 1900, ua loli ko lākou ʻano hoʻoilo e hoʻopili i ka ʻai ʻana o ka honua.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: ʻo wai ka swan bird
Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka wā kau o ka swan i ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā lako meaʻai i hiki ke loaʻa. Kū pinepine ka pūnana mai ʻApelila a Iulai. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i nā wahi me ka lako pono o ka meaʻai, papau a me ka wai haumia ʻole. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau hoʻokahi pūnana ʻelua i hoʻokahi kino o ka wai. Aia kēia mau wahi e hoʻomoe ai mai ka 24,000 km uka a i ka 607,000 km² a aia ma kahi kokoke i kahi a ka wahine e kū ai.
Koho ka wahine i ka pūnana a pale ka kāne iā ia. E hoʻi paha nā pālua Swan i ka pūnana like inā hiki iā lākou ke hānai maikaʻi i nā ʻōpio ma laila i ka wā i hala. E kūkulu paha nā kāne i kahi pūnana hou a i ʻole hōʻano hou i ka pūnana a lākou i hoʻohana ai i nā makahiki i hala.
Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā pūnaewele i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe i hoʻopuni ʻia e ka wai, e laʻa me:
- ma luna o nā hale beaver kahiko, nā wai a me nā puʻu;
- i ka ulu ʻana i nā mea ulu e lana ana a i ʻole paʻa i lalo o ka wai;
- ma nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi.
Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻōnana i ka waena o ʻApelila a hiki i ʻelua mau pule e hoʻopau. Hōʻiliʻili ke kāne i nā mea kanu wai, nā mauʻu a me nā sedges a hoʻoili iā lākou i ka wahine. Hoʻopili mua ʻo ia i nā mea kanu ma luna a laila hoʻohana i kona kino e hana i kahi kaumaha a hoʻomoe i nā hua.
ʻO ka pūnana he pola nui hāmama. Uhi ʻia ka loko o ka pūnana i lalo, nā hulu a me nā mea kanu palupalu i loaʻa i kona mau wahi. Hiki i nā pūnana i ke anawaena o 1 a 3.5 mau mika a hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia e ka ʻau o 6 a 9 mau mika. Hoʻopiha pinepine ʻia kēia moat me ka wai e hana i mea paʻakikī no nā mea hele a hānai manu kiki e kiʻi i ka pūnana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO wai nā moa swan
ʻO wai nā swans Whooper e hānau i nā wai wai hou, nā loko, nā loko a me nā kahawai lohi. Loaʻa ka hapanui o nā swans i kā lākou mau hoa ma mua o ka makahiki 2 - maʻamau i ka wā hoʻoilo. ʻOiai pūnana kekahi no ka manawa mua i ka makahiki o ʻelua, ʻaʻole hoʻomaka ka hapanui a 3 a 7 mau makahiki.
I ka hōʻea ʻana i nā wahi hānau, komo ka pālua i ka hana moena, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i ko lākou mau poʻo a me ka hoʻokuʻi ʻana i nā ʻēheu e lele ana i kekahi i kekahi.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Pālua nā swans whooper e pili pinepine ʻia no ke ola, a noho pū i loko o ka makahiki, me ka neʻe pū ʻana i nā heluna lehulehu. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi o lākou e loli i nā hoa i ko lākou ola, keu hoʻi ma hope o nā pilina kūleʻa ʻole, a ʻo kekahi ua nalowale i kā lākou mau hoa ʻaʻole e male hou.
Inā pili ka kāne kāne me kekahi wahine ʻōpio hou, hele ʻo ia iā ia i kāna panalāʻau. Inā pili ʻo ia me kahi wahine makua, e hele ʻo ia iā ia. Inā nalowale ka wahine i kāna kāne, mālama ʻo ia i ka wahine me ka wikiwiki, koho i kahi kāne ʻōpio.
Pili nā kāne pili e noho pū i ka makahiki a puni; Eia nō naʻe, ma waho o ka wā hānau, pili kaiapuni lākou a hui pinepine me nā swans ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, i ka wā hānau, e pale pale aku nā pālua i kā lākou mau panalāʻau.
Hoʻomoe mau ʻia nā hua moa mai ka hopena o ʻApelila a Iune, i kekahi manawa ma mua o ka piha ʻana o ka pūnana. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i hoʻokahi hua manu i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ka maʻamau aia he 5-6 mau hua keʻokeʻo momona i kahi paʻa. Eia nō naʻe, i kekahi mau hihia ua loaʻa a hiki i ka 12. Inā ʻo kēia ka paʻa mua o ka wahine, aia paha he mau hua liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku paha o nā hua i infertile. ʻO ka hua manu ma kahi o 73 mm ka laulā a me 113.5 mm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ma kahi o 320 g.
Ke pau ka paʻa, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻoulu i nā hua, i hala ma kahi o 31 mau lā. I kēia manawa, noho mau ke kāne a kokoke i ka pūnaewele pūnana a pale i ka wahine mai nā mea ʻino. I nā hihia kakaikahi loa, hiki i ke kāne kāne ke kōkua i ka pua o nā hua.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: I ka wā incubation, haʻalele wale ka wahine i ka pūnana no nā wā pōkole e hānai i nā mea kanu kokoke, ʻauʻau a ʻaʻahu paha. Eia nō naʻe, ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana, e uhi ʻo ia i nā hua me nā mea pūnana e hūnā iā lākou. Noho kokoke ke kāne e pale i ka pūnana.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o ka swan Whooper
Kiʻi: ʻo Whooper Swans
Hoʻoweliweli ʻia nā swans Whooper e ka hana a ke kanaka.
ʻO ia mau hana e pili pū ana:
- ʻimi holoholona;
- luku ʻia o ka pūnana;
- ʻaihue;
- Nalo ka nohona a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, e like me ka hana hou ʻana o uka a me nā kahakai kahakai, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ʻAsia.
ʻO nā mea hoʻoweliweli i ka nohona swan nāna ʻo:
- hoʻonui i ka mahiʻai;
- overgrazing o nā holoholona (eg hipa);
- ka hoʻoheheʻe wai o ka wai wai no ka hoʻoawai wai;
- keʻoki ʻana i nā mea kanu e hānai i nā holoholona no ka hoʻoilo;
- ke hoʻomohala alanui a me ka hoʻohaumia aila mai ka ʻimi ʻana i ka aila;
- hana a me ka halihali;
- hopohopo mai ka mākaʻikaʻi.
Ke hana nei ka ʻimi manu ʻiole ʻiʻo ʻole, a ʻo nā kuʻi ʻana me nā laina uila ka kumu maʻamau o ka make no ka poʻe swans nāna i hoʻoilo i ka ʻākau komohana o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka lāʻau make kēpau e pili pū ana me ka ʻai ʻana o ke kēpau kēpau i ka lawaiʻa i koe he pilikia, me ka mahele nui o nā mea i nānā ʻia e hoʻonui ʻia nā pae kēpau koko. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i ka maʻi palū manu, a ʻo nā manu pū kekahi.
E like me ia, ʻokoʻa ka hoʻoweliweli ʻino i nā swans whooper ma o ka wahi, me nā kumu o ka hoʻoneoneo ʻana o ka nohona a me ka nalo ʻana, e like me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hanana, ka hoʻomohala ʻāina kai a me ka ʻāina i uka no nā papahana hoʻonui pālahalaha, kūkulu waiola, nā manaʻo huakaʻi. a kahe aila.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka swan whooper
Wahi a nā helu helu, ʻo ka heluna honua o ka swans he 180,000 mau manu, ʻoiai ʻo ka heluna kanaka o Lūkia e helu ʻia ma 10,000-100,000 pālua moʻa a ma kahi o 1,000,000,000 poʻe hoʻoilo. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka heluna kanaka o ʻEulopa ma 25,300-32,800 mau kāne, e like me 50,600-65,500 mau mākua. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo wai nā swans ʻo wai ka mea e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kēia manawa ma ka Red Book e like me ka mea ʻaneʻane loa e make. Kūleʻa ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano i kēia manawa, akā ʻo ka laulā ākea e paʻakikī e nānā.
Ua hōʻike ʻo swan Whooper i ka ulu nui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka a me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka laulā ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻEulopa i nā makahiki he 20 i hala. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hānau mua ma 1999 a ua hōʻike ʻia ka hānau ʻana ma 2003 ma ka pūnaewele ʻelua. Ua piʻi wikiwiki ka helu o nā wahi hānau mai 2006 a ua hōʻike ʻia ka laha i kēia manawa e hānau ma kahi o 20 mau wahi. Eia nō naʻe, ua haʻalele ʻia he ʻehiku mau pūnaewele ma hope o hoʻokahi a ʻoi paha mau makahiki o ka hānau ʻana, a laila ua emi ka heluna kanaka ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki.
ʻO ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka lāhui swan nāna e alakaʻi koke i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū me nā swans ʻē aʻe, akā he nui nā wahi hānau hiki ke loaʻa ʻole nā swans. He kuleana nui ka swan Whooper i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā hanana o ke kaiāulu mea kanu ma muli o ka nui o ka biomass i nalowale ke hānai lākou i kā lākou makemake i ka macrophyte i hoʻoulu ʻia, fennel, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o ka loko i nā hohonu waena.
ʻO Whooper Swan Guard
Kiʻi: ʻO Whoan swan mai ka Red Book
Hoʻolauna ʻia ka palekana kū kānāwai o ka swans whooper mai ka hopu holoholona i nā ʻāpana e nā ʻāina i hiki aku (e laʻa me 1885 ma Iceland, i ka makahiki 1925 i Iapana, i ka makahiki 1927 ma Suedena, i ka makahiki 1954 ma Great Britain, i ka makahiki 1964 i Lūkia)
ʻO ka nui i hoʻokō ʻia ai ke kānāwai e mau ana ka loli, keu hoʻi ma nā wahi mamao.Pale pū ʻia ka laha e like me nā kuʻuna kūwaho, e like me ka European Community Directive ma nā manu (species in Appendix 1) a me ka Berne Convention (species in Appendix II). Hoʻohui ʻia nā heluna kanaka o Iceland, ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me ʻAsia Komohana i ka mahele A (2) i ka ʻaelike e pili ana i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ʻAfelika a me Eurasian Waterfowl (AEWA), i hoʻomohala ʻia ma lalo o ka Convention on Migratory Species.
ʻO ka hana i kēia manawa no ka pale ʻana i ka swans whooper penei:
- ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahi noho nui no kēia ʻano ʻike ʻia nā wahi o ka hoihoi ʻepekema kūikawā a me nā wahi o ka pale kūikawā;
- ʻo ka Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development's Rural Management Scheme a me ka Scheme Wahi Kūlohelohe i nā hana e pale a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka wahi noho o nā swans whooper;
- ka mālama makahiki ʻana i nā pūnaewele nui e like me ka papahana Survey Survey Bird Wetland;
- helu kanaka lehulehu maʻamau.
Swan Whooper - kahi swan keʻokeʻo nui, ʻo ka nuku ʻeleʻele kahi o kahi ʻano melemele triangular nui. He holoholona kupaianaha lākou, pālua lākou i hoʻokahi manawa no ke ola holoʻokoʻa, a noho pū nā keiki a lākou me lākou i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO wai nā swans Whooper e ulu ma Northern Europe a me ʻAsia a neʻe i UK, ʻIlani, ʻEulopa Hema a me ʻAsia no ka hoʻoilo.
Lā hoʻopuka: 08/07/2019
Lā hou: 09/28/2019 ma 22:54
