ʻAneʻane i nā keiki i ka nīnau: "He aha nā holoholona ʻākau āu e ʻike ai?" i waena o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe āna i ʻōlelo ai - pueo hau... ʻAʻole kēia he mea kūpono ʻole, no ka mea, ua pāhola nui ʻia ka manu keʻokeʻo ma Eurasia a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻākau. Hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma nā kapa komo o kekahi mau kūlanakauhale puni.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pueo hau
ʻO ka pueo hau, a i kapa ʻia paha e ia, ʻo ka pueo keʻokeʻo, no ka genus o nā pueo aeto, kahi ʻohana o nā pueo o ke kauoha o nā pueo. Ua loaʻa ka manu i ka inoa o ka manu ʻelua no kāna plumage keʻokeʻo, i pālahalaha ʻia i ke kino. I ka hoʻohālikelike kumu, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i loko o kahi genus kaʻawale, akā manaʻoʻiʻo nā mea kālaimeaola o kēia pueo pueo pueo ka pueo pueo.
Wahi a nā ʻike paleontological, ua ola ke kūpuna maʻamau o nā pueo āpau ma kahi o 80 miliona mau makahiki i hala. Ua laha loa kekahi mau ʻano, a ʻo ia paha ka pueo hau, i 50 miliona mau makahiki ma mua o ka helehelena o ke kanaka. ʻO kekahi o nā hōʻoia (akā ʻaʻole hoʻokahi wale nō) o ko lākou wā kahiko ka ʻike pinepine ʻia ma nā ʻāina hoʻokaʻawale, a he ʻano like ko lākou, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo nā pueo e lele lele i kai.
Wikiō: ʻO Snowy Owl
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o nā pueo āpau me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻohe o lākou mau maka maka, no laila ua like nā maka me ka hanana i nā teleskopope. ʻAʻole hiki i nā maka ke neʻe, akā ua uku ka evolution no kēia hemahema me ka neʻe o ke poʻo, kahi hiki ke huli a puni ka ʻāʻī (pololei, 280 kekelē - 140 i kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao). Eia hou, ua ʻike maka loa lākou.
ʻAʻohe ʻelua o ka pueo, akā ʻekolu pālua o nā kuʻemaka, e hana ana kēlā me kēia i kāna hana ponoʻī. Pono kekahi e blink, ʻo kekahi e pale aku i nā maka i ka hiamoe, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi i mea holoi kaʻa e mālama i nā mea maʻemaʻe.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: White Snowy Owl
ʻO ka pueo hau he nui loa i ka papa o nā manu tundra ʻē aʻe. ʻO kona ʻūheu awelika hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. Ua hiki aku ka nui i ʻike ʻia i 175 knm. He mea hoihoi ia kekahi o kēia mau ʻano i nui aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO ka mea kikoʻī, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi kino mai ke kanaono a i ke kanahiku kenimika, ʻoiai ka nui o nā kāne he 65 kenimika wale nō. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kino o nā wahine - ma kahi o ʻekolu kilokilo. Kaupaona nā kāne i ka awelika wale nō ʻelua a me ka hapalua kilogram.
ʻO ka plumage o ka Snowy Owl kahi lahilahi a mehana pono. ʻOiai nā wāwae i uhi ʻia me nā hulu maikaʻi e like me ka hulu hipa. Hūnā hoʻi ka hulu liʻiliʻi i ka nuku o ka manu. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka noho ʻana i nā kūlana o ke anuanu anu loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, he hanana kūikawā ko ka hulu pueo me kahi swirl, no laila hiki ke lele lele me ka leo ʻole. ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ka hale o ka pueo keʻokeʻo me ka loli o nā kau. Hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻolei i kona mau hua kahiko i ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela a me ka lua o ka manawa i ka makahiki - i ka hopena o ke kauwela.
ʻO ke kala, e like me ka hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia mai ka inoa ʻelua o ka manu, keʻokeʻo. Kūlike like ia me ka nohona o ka pueo polar. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana me ke kāʻei hau, noho ʻike ʻole ka pueo i ka poʻe ʻaihue a me ka poʻe i loaʻa. ʻEpekema, ʻo kēlā kala e kūlike me ka hope i kapa ʻia ʻo patronizing. Aia nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma ka plumage. Kū hoʻokahi ko lākou wahi i kēlā me kēia manu, e like me nā manamana lima i nā kānaka.
Ākea a poepoe ke poʻo o ka manu, me nā pepeiao liʻiliʻi a ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia. Akā me kā lākou liʻiliʻi, he lohe maikaʻi ko ka pueo a hiki iā ia ke lohe i nā rodent a hiki i kahi mamao loa. Manaʻo ʻia he pueo ʻehā mau manawa o ka lohe ʻana o ka pōpoki kūloko. Poepoe nā maka, melemele ʻōlinolino. ʻAʻohe maka maka, e like me nā pueo ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke pani ʻia nā maka maka hulu i nā maka. ʻEleʻele ka nuku, akā ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai hūnā ʻia e ka hulu. ʻAʻohe niho o ka pueo.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi: ʻo ke poʻo o kahi pueo hau e paʻa nui a hiki ke huli maʻalahi ma ka liʻiliʻi 270 kekelē. Kōkua nui kēia i ka pueo i ka wā e ʻimi holoholona ana.
Ma hea e noho ai ka pueo hau?
Kiʻi: Manu pueo hau
ʻO kēia manu kahi kamaʻāina maʻamau o nā latitude ʻākau, ʻoi aku, i nā hemispheres ʻelua. Hoʻonui ʻia kona wahi noho i ka tundra i nā panalāʻau o Lūkia a me Kanada.
Loaʻa nā kānaka ma nā mokupuni o ka Moana Arctic, me:
- ma Novaya Zemlya;
- ma Svalbard;
- ma Wrangel Island;
- ma Greenland.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, noho nā pueo hau i ka Arctic holoʻokoʻa. Ma mua, ua loaʻa nā manu ma ka panalāʻau o Scandinavia, i hōʻike ʻia i ka pela ʻana i ka Lākina o ka inoa o ka manu ʻo Nyctea scandiac. Akā i kēia manawa he poʻe malihini kipa loa lākou i laila.
Hewa hapa ka manu. ʻO ia, he hoʻoilo kona a me nā pūnaewele pūnana. Akā makemake kekahi poʻe e noho i nā wahi pūnana no ka hoʻoilo. I ka manawa like, koho lākou i nā wahi i uhi ʻole ʻia me ka hau a me ka hau. Hele nā pueo ʻo Snowy i ka waena o ke kalena kalena, a laila hoʻi lākou i ka hopena o Malaki a i ʻole ka mua o ʻApelila. I kekahi manawa, akā liʻiliʻi loa, lele nā manu i nā wahi i manaʻo ʻia he hema. ʻO kahi laʻana, ua ʻike ʻia nā pueo hau ma ka Teritori Khabarovsk, Northern Japan a me ke Kōlea Korea.
Makemake ka pueo e noho nui i nā ākea, i kekahi manawa ma waena o nā puʻu mauna liʻiliʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia e lele ma luna o 1000 mau mika ma luna o kaʻilikai. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, hoʻāʻo ka pueo hau e pale aku i ka ululāʻau, e pili hou ana i ka tundra a me ka ululāʻau-tundra. Loaʻa kēia i ka pilikia o ka ʻimi holoholona i nā wahi me nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe. I nā manawa wī, lele ka manu i nā kauhale e ʻimi nei i ka meaʻai, akā liʻiliʻi loa kēia.
He aha ka ʻai a kahi pueo hau?
Kiʻi: ʻo Snowy pueo i ka tundra
ʻO ka pueo hau ka mea hānai maʻamau. ʻAi wale ʻo ia i ka meaʻai holoholona a ʻai ʻole i nā mea kanu. ʻAi ʻo ia ma ka liʻiliʻi i ʻehā mau rodents i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole hiki i kahi mākua ke lawa i kahi nui liʻiliʻi. I hoʻokahi makahiki, ʻai ka pueo makua ma kahi o 1,600 ʻiole like me ka iole, ʻo ka hapa nui nā lemu. ʻAi ʻo Owl i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi ma kahi kikoʻī, a ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana i nā pio nui, lawe iā lākou iā lākou iho, a laila haehae iā lākou a ʻai ʻāpana i nā ʻāpana. Hoʻopau ka pueo i ka huluhulu a me nā iwi.
Ma waho o nā rodents, ʻo ka meaʻai no ka pueo polar:
- nā hare;
- pikas;
- ermines a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe;
- ʻalopeke polar pēpē;
- ʻāpō a me nā geese liʻiliʻi;
- nā papamoe.
Kūlike like nā mea ʻē aʻe, i ke kauwela, makemake ka pueo keʻokeʻo e hānai i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi. Hānai maʻamau ia i nā holoholona nui (pili i kona nui) i ka hoʻoilo. Ua ʻike ʻia kekahi pueo hau e ʻai ana i ka iʻa. Eia hou, ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻowahāwahā i ke kino i ka hoʻoilo.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: e ʻimi ka pueo hau mai ka honua. Noho ʻo ia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe a nānā. ʻIke i ka mea pio, lele ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu, lele, a lele i ke koʻokoʻo a lālau iā ia me kona mau māiʻuʻu. Akā i kekahi manawa hoʻohana ka pueo hau i kekahi ʻano hana o ka ʻimi holoholona - i ka lele haʻahaʻa.
Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea pio ma mua o ka pueo ponoʻī a i ʻole hoʻohālikelike kā lākou nui, a laila, lele i luna, nahu ia i loko o ka mea pio a kau ma luna o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a hiki i ka wā e kū ai ke kūʻē. A laila kuʻi ka manu i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia me kona nuku. Pēlā e loaʻa ai ka ʻimi holoholona.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻimi ʻana i ka wanaʻao, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ka pueo keʻokeʻo he manu nocturnal. Hiki ke hele i ka huli holoholona i ke kakahiaka nui ma hope o ka hoʻomaha lōʻihi. ʻAʻole like me nā pueo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole makaʻu ka pueo keʻokeʻo i ka lā.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Northern Snowy Owl
Noho mamao nā pueo keʻokeʻo mai nā kānaka aku, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā kānaka āpau ke ʻike iā ia. ʻO ka manu, e like me nā mākaʻi ikaika, he ʻano ponoʻī kona. Ikaika loa ʻo ia. ʻAneʻane kokoke i nā pueo hau āpau ke noho kaʻawale. Hoʻokumu lākou i nā pālua wale no ka wā hānau, a i kēia manawa hana pū lākou.
Hiki i nā pueo ke hana i nā leo e kamaʻilio pū me kekahi me ka makaʻu i nā ʻenemi. Ua like nā kani me ka ʻūlū ʻana, ka hoʻolana ʻana a me ke kani ʻana o nā pahu. ʻO ka pueo ke kamaʻilio pū kekahi me kekahi ma ka wā hānau wale nō, no laila, hāmau lākou.
Noho ka pueo i ka hapa nui o kona ola ma ka moemoeā a i ʻole ke alualu ʻana i ka mea pio. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hoihoi o ka pueo polar ka hiki iā ia ke alakaʻi i kahi nohona diurnal. ʻImi wale ke koena o nā pueo i ka pō wale nō.
ʻImi nui ʻia nā pueo e nā lemmings a me nā meheu e like me ka ʻiole. Na ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā koʻokoʻo, nā manu pueo hau e hoʻoponopono ikaika i kā lākou helu. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi mai kēia ma kēia ʻano pili pili pololei lākou i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ke kaiaolaola tundra. ʻO kekahi mea nui kaolaola o nā pueo kekahi o ia mea i ka pūnana manu o nā manu Trundra ʻē aʻe.
Mea hoihoi: ʻaʻole ʻolihi ʻo Snowy pueo kokoke i kā lākou pūnana, ʻoiai lākou e pale ikaika i ka wahi a puni lākou i loko o kahi radius ma kahi o kahi kilomita. ʻO kekahi manu, e like me nā manu kai, ʻike i kēia hiʻohiʻona a hana pūnana pū kokoke i nā pueo i mea e kiaʻi ai lākou i kā lākou pūnana.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: ʻO nā keiki pueo ʻo Snowy
No ka mehameha o nā pueo polar, ʻaʻohe o lākou ʻano kaiapili o kā lākou iho. I ka wā o ka pūnana, hana lākou i hoʻokahi mau monogamous, akā hoʻohana pinepine i nā pālua. Hāʻule ke kau moʻo no nā pueo hau i waenakonu o ka puna makahiki.
I hōʻailona o ka hoʻokipa ʻana i ka wahine, lawe mai ke kāne i kāna meaʻai, lele a puni iā ia, lele ikaika i kona mau ʻeheu, a hele pū me ia, ʻāwīwī. ʻO ka maʻamau ka makana he kino lemona. I mea e ʻumeʻume ai i ka wahine, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonohonoho i nā heihei hōʻike, e holo ana ma luna o nā puʻu, i kekahi manawa e humu i nā ʻano like ʻole o ke kani.
Inā ʻae ka wahine, a laila hoʻomaka ka wahine e mālama i nā keiki o ka wā e hiki mai ana, kahi a lāua e kūkulu ai i kahi pūnana. Maʻalahi loa ka pūnana. Noho ʻo ia ma ka lepo ʻole, no ka mea a ka manu e huki ai i kahi lua a i ʻole kahi kaumaha liʻiliʻi me kona mau māiʻuʻu. Hoʻohui ʻia, hiki i ka pūnana ke kau i ka mauʻu maloʻo, nā ʻili ʻili a i nā hulu kahiko a i lalo. ʻO ka pueo ka mea maʻa mau ma nā pali maloʻo. Ma nā mokupuni, kūkulu ʻia nā pūnana ma nā ʻūlili o nā pali kahakai.
ʻAʻole kau ʻia nā hua manu pueo i ka manawa like, akā ma ka huli. Hoʻokahi hua i ka lā. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia wā, hiki i hoʻokahi pule holoʻokoʻa. No laila, ʻo nā moa i hoʻokahi pūnana he mau makahiki ʻokoʻa mau ia. Hoʻokomo nā wahine i nā hua manu no hoʻokahi mahina holoʻokoʻa. Hoʻomoʻa nā moa i ke kaʻina o nā hua manu. No ka manawa o ka incubation, lawe ke kāne i ke kuleana o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. Akā ma hope, ke nui nā moa, hui ka wahine i ka huli holoholona. Noho mau ka wahine i ka pūnana a pale i nā moa a me nā hua mai nā mea ʻino.
ʻIke hoihoi: i nā makahiki i hānai maikaʻi ʻia, hiki i ka helu o nā moa i kēlā me kēia pūnana ke hōʻea i 15. I nā makahiki maikaʻi ʻole, ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka nui o nā hua i waiho ʻia, akā aia kekahi mau hihia ke hōʻike ʻole ʻia ka pua.
Lawe koke ʻia ʻo Owlets. Wehe ʻia ko lākou mau maka i ka lā ʻumi. ʻO ka maʻa mau i ka manawa like ulu nui lākou me ka fluff-brown fluff, a laila e pani ʻia ma ka molt mua. Hoʻomaka lākou e kolo i waho o ka pūnana, a ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ke hoʻāʻo nei lākou e hemo. Hoʻokahi makahiki o ko lākou wā ʻōpio. ʻO ka nui o ke ola o kahi pueo hau e kau maʻamau mai ka ʻumi a ka ʻumikūmālima mau makahiki. I ka noho pio ʻana, ola nā pueo i kanakolu mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā pueo hau
Kiʻi: Snowy pueo i ka lele
ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka pueo hau e like me ka manu nui nui kūʻē i ke kua o nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka tundra, kākaʻikahi loa ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana. Akā, eia nō naʻe, he ʻenemi ko ka pueo keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai e noho hoʻoweliweli ana kāna mau moa i nā mea ʻaihue. ʻImi pinepine ʻia nā moa hatched e nā ʻalopeke Arctic a me nā ʻalopeke, a i kekahi manawa e nā skuas. Makemake nā ʻalopeke Arctic e piʻi i nā pūnana e ʻai i nā hua pueo. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia ʻana o nā pueo a me kā lākou pua e nā ʻalopeke Arctic, ua manaʻo ʻia nā ʻalopeke Arctic ka ʻenemi nui o ka pueo keʻokeʻo.
I kekahi manawa no ka make ʻana o nā moa no ka hana hoʻomāinoino a nā mea kahiko. Hiki i nā moa nui ke luku i kahi kaikaina, a laila ʻai pū kekahi. Akā kākaʻikahi loa ka kanibalism no lākou. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, make nā ʻōlipo ʻōpio i ka pōloli ma muli o ka lawe ʻana o nā moa mua i nā meaʻai a ko lākou mau mākua i lawe mai ai.
ʻAʻole ʻimi ʻimi nā Predators i nā pueo mākua, akā inā kū kēia, hohola ka pueo i kona mau ʻeheu ākea a hoʻoweliweli i ka ʻenemi, e hōʻike nei i ka hōʻeha hewa ʻole. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, lele lele wale nā pueo hau mai nā mea hoʻohenehene, ke lohe a ʻike paha i kahi ʻenemi ma ke ala. Inā i hopu ʻia kahi pueo mākua e ka alopeke polar a i ʻole he manu ʻino ʻē aʻe me ke kahaha, a laila hāʻule wale ia ma kona kua a hakakā me ka ʻenemi me nā wāwae wāwae ona.
Inā hoʻouka ka ʻenemi i ka pūnana pueo, a laila hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e ālai i kona ala i pale aku ai i nā moa. Hoʻopili ʻo ia i kona mau ʻeheu i mua o ka waha o ka predator, lele i luna a lele i luna a hopu iā ia me kona mau māiʻuʻu. ʻO ka maʻamau ua lawa kēlā mau ana.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Great Snowy Owl
I kēia lā, he ʻano laha ʻole ka pueo hau. Ma ʻAmelika Hema, ua hōʻole ka heluna lehulehu e 53% mai ka waenakonu o 1960. Aia kekahi kumu e manaʻoʻiʻo ai he like paha ke kiʻi ma Rūsia a me nā ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mea i ʻike maopopo ʻia ma nā wahi maʻamau, ua emi ka helu o nā manu, a ua lilo lākou i mea liʻiliʻi.
He kūlana palupalu ko kēia ʻano, akā i kēia manawa ʻaʻole lākou e hoʻoweliweli ʻia me ka make, a ʻaʻohe mea i lawe ʻia e pale aku ai i nā pueo hau. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻena pūnana o kēia mau manu ma kahi o kanalima mau paona i kēlā me kēia haneli kilomika kilomika. ʻO ka heluna kanaka o ka honua ma kahi o 28,000, kahi mea nui loa. Akā manaʻo kekahi mau ʻepekema i kēia ʻikepili he overestimated nui loa, a ʻōlelo e loaʻa koke i nā pueo hau i ke kūlana Red Book.
ʻAʻole maopopo ia no ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā pueo polar. Hiki paha i ka loli ke hoʻololi i kēia, no ka mea e hoʻopili i ka nui o ka lako o ka meaʻai. Hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau hōʻino i ka lehulehu e nā hana a ke kanaka. Hana ʻia kēlā pueo hau make i nā pahele. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pahele i nā wahi he nui e ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona. Make pū kekahi pueo ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau ke lele lākou me nā kaʻa a i ʻole nā laina uila kiʻekiʻe.
Lā paʻi: 03/30/2019
Lā hou: 19.09.2019 ma 11:51
