Vicuna

Vicuna - he holoholona nani i ka manawa like me nā llamas a me nā kāmelo (i nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō). ʻO kēia kahi ʻano makuahine o ka māmaki. ʻIke ʻia nona, mai ka makahiki 1200. Ua laʻa ka holoholona i nā lāhui he nui o ke kuamoʻo Andes. Ma aneʻi i hānai ʻia e nā vicunas ke poʻo inoa hanohano o "Golden Fleece". I ka manawa like, waiwai nui kāna hulu hipa (e like me ke ʻano o kēia lā) a ua manaʻo ʻia no ka humuhumu ʻana i nā kapa aliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pāpā ʻia ka luku ʻana i nā holoholona.

Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe

Kiʻi: Vicuña

Pili ʻo Vicuñas i ke kaʻina o nā mammals placental (artiodactyls). Aia kēia pūʻulu ma kahi o 220 mau lā o kēia au, ka hapa nui o lākou he waiwai waiwai i ke kanaka. ʻO ka ʻohana nona kēia mau holoholona i kapa ʻia nā kāmelo (ʻo kēia pū kekahi me nā kāmelo, a me nā llamas). ʻO ka suborder o kēia mau holoholona he kāhea. ʻO nā lunamaka āpau o kēia hui he artiodactyls herbivorous. Pili nā vicuñas iā lākou iho i ka genus monotypic o ka inoa like.

Video: Vicuña

Mai ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo nui ʻia kēia holoholona, ​​a i kekahi mau lāhui hoʻi kapu. I ka makahiki 1200 AD, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hulu hipa o kēia mau kāmelo e hana lole no nā mōʻī, nā mōʻī a me ko lākou mau ʻohana. Hoʻomau ka hoʻohana ākea o ka hulu holoholona a hiki i ka 1960. Ma ke kau waena o 60, ua makaʻu nā zologist me ka weliweli ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 tausani mau kānaka i lilo i mau vicunas. Ua lilo kēia i kumu no ke komo ʻana o nā aupuni o nā ʻāina he nui i ke kūlana zoological. Ua hoʻokau ʻia ka pāpā kapu ma ka hopu ʻana a me ka luku ʻana i nā holoholona. Ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka palena i ke kūʻai aku ʻana i nā hulu vicuna kū hoʻokahi. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻano i ke kūlana weliweli. Ua kau inoa ʻia kahi ʻaelike no kāna pale ʻana ma Chile, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina.

ʻO kēlā mau hana koʻikoʻi i ka hopena maikaʻi loa i ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona. ʻO 30 mau makahiki wale nō ma hope o ka hoʻolauna ʻana o nā pāpā (i ka makahiki 1995), ua piʻi aʻe ka heluna kanaka o nā kāmelo o kēia hui i 98 tausani. I ka hōʻea ʻana i kēia māka, ua wehe nā luna i ka pāpā ma ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka huluhulu. I kēia lā hiki ke kūʻai ʻia mai ka hulu hipa ʻo Vicunia ma ka papa lehulehu. ʻAʻole ʻeha nā holoholona i kēia. ʻO kā lākou helu maoli ma mua o 200 tausani.

ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o ka vicuna

Palupalu, palupalu, ʻaneʻane nui nā lālā o nā kāmelo e aloha i kēlā me kēia kanaka i ʻike e ola ana.

Pili paha kēia i ko lākou ʻano ʻokoʻa:

• mea liʻiliʻi (hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke koena o ka ʻohana) nā nui. Hiki i nā vicuñas mākua i ka lōʻihi keu o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika, a me ka laulā ʻoi loa o 110 kenimika (ma nā poʻohiwi). ʻO 50 ka paona ke kaumaha o kēia mau holoholona. ʻAe, no nā ʻelele o nā kāmelo he mea liʻiliʻi loa kēia (ʻo ke kaupaona o ke kāmelo hoʻokahi humped he 500 kilokika, a ʻo ka llama he 150 kilokika);
• helehelena uʻi. ʻEleʻele loa nā maka o kēia poʻe, e like me nā pihi nui ʻelua. ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke noʻonoʻo iā lākou i ke kikoʻī. Hūnā lākou ma hope o nā bangs mānoanoa. ʻOʻoleʻa nā pepeiao o nā holoholona, ​​pololei, lōʻihi;
• nā lālā lahilahi lōʻihi. Mahalo i kēlā mau ʻano, ua hoʻokō ʻia ka lokomaikaʻi kūikawā o nā kāmelo (ʻo ia hoʻi nā mea i ʻako ʻia.) ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka huelo o nā holoholona i ka 250 millimeter i ka lōʻihi;
• mānoanoa, palule kapa. He palupalu loa ia i ka hoʻopā a me ka silky. ʻUlaʻula ke kala maoli. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā aka o ke kala ma luna o ke kino (maʻamau, ʻeleʻele nā ​​wāwae a me ka waha o nā holoholona). Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū o nā holoholona. Mālama ka hulu hipa i nā holoholona mai nā cataclysms mai nā wā āpau;
• ʻāʻī loloa muscular. Hāʻawi ia i nā vicuñas e hoʻolōʻihi i ko lākou poʻo e ʻike i nā ʻenemi. Ma ka ʻāʻī o nā holoholona, ​​hana ʻia kahi lauoho loloa, i kapa ʻia he pendants. Hiki i kona lōʻihi ma kahi o 30 kenimika;
• niho ʻoi. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona nui ʻokoʻa o nā vicuna. Mahalo i nā incisors ʻoi loa, ʻaʻohe mea a nā holoholona e ʻai ai i nā mea kanu me nā aʻa. Huki maʻalahi lākou i ka mauʻu a wili i ka waha.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ma muli o ko lākou wahi noho (ʻo ka hapanui ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe), ua hoʻomōhala maikaʻi nā vicuñas i ka lohe a me ka ʻike. Ma muli o ka lewa mauna i loko o ko lākou koko, aia ka māhuahua o ka hemoglobin, a me ka oxygen.

Mahalo i kēlā ʻikepili, vicuñas (ʻo ia hoʻi i ka wā ʻōpio) ʻano like me kahi kope nui o kahi mea pāʻani plush. Mālama ʻia kēia ʻano e kona mau maka e like me ka pihi a me ka palule mānoanoa, mānoanoa.

Ma hea e noho ai ka vicuña?

Kiʻi: ʻo Vicuña i ke kūlohelohe

Mai ko lākou helehelena a hiki i kēia lā, noho nā vicuñas ma kahi like - ka Andes. ʻO ka ʻāina mauna ka mea kūpono loa no ke ola piha o kēia mau holoholona nani.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke hui me nā holoholona plush ma nā wahi he nui o ʻAmelika Hema i hoʻokahi manawa.

• He mokuʻāina ʻo Chile ma ka hema komohana o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho ia i kahi kahakai mawaena o ka Andes a me ka Moana Pākīpika. Ma aneʻi, no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i nā holoholona kāmelo plush, ua kapa ʻia ka Apana Hoʻokele holoʻokoʻa, kahi ʻāpana o ka panalāʻau ʻo Elqui;
• ʻO Argentina kekahi o nā repubalika nui loa ma ʻAmelika Hema. Aia nā palena ʻo ʻAnekina ma nā ʻĀkau ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o nā hale kālaihonua ma ka palena;
• He aupuni multinational ʻo Bolivia ma ka ʻaoʻao waena o ʻAmelika Hema. Māhele ia i nā palena me Chile a me Peru (ma ke komohana), Argentina (ma ka hema), Paraguay (ma ka hikina) a me Brazil (ma ka ʻākau). Aia ke kuahiwi komohana o ka repubalika i ka Andes;
• ʻO Peru kahi repubalika ʻAmelika Hema e pili ana iā ʻEkuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia a me Chile. ʻO nā pali o nā Andes, aia ma kēia wahi, i kekahi mau wahi e hoʻomaka kokoke loa i ke kahakai. ʻO ka piko mauna kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mokuʻāina ʻo Mount Huascaran (kiʻekiʻe - ma kahi o 7 tausani mau mika);
• He mokuʻāina ʻo Ecuador ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema. Holoi ʻia e ka Moana Pākīpika. Māhele ia i nā palena me Peru a me Colombia. E hohola nā ʻūlū Andes ma kahakai i ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka ʻāina. Ma ka ʻaoʻao waena aia he mau pae mauna ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi: Hikina Cordillera a me Cordillera Komohana;

ʻAʻole hiki ke hālāwai me nā vicunas ma ka pae pae. Makemake nā holoholona i ka noho mauna. Hoʻomaka ke kiʻekiʻe o ko lākou "noho" mai 3500 mau mika. ʻO ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe i noho ʻia e nā vicunas he 5500 mau mika.

I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe i kahi e noho ai ka vicuña. E ʻike kāua i kāna mea e ʻai ai.

He aha ka meaʻai a vicuña?

Kiʻi: vicuña holoholona

ʻO nā lunamaka Fluffy o nā kāmelo (e like me ko lākou kaikaina āpau i ka ʻohana) he mau mea ulu lāʻau. ʻAi wale lākou i nā meaʻai mea kanu. No laila, i ka Andes, he manawa paʻakikī kā nā vicuñas. ʻAʻole hiki i ka pua lau nahele o ke kuahiwi ke hāʻawi aku i ka holoholona i lawa ka ʻai. No laila, ʻoluʻolu nā holoholona me nā mea kanu āpau e hopu i ko lākou maka.

ʻAi ʻo Vicuñas i ka lau, ka mauʻu, nā lālā liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa punahele loa o kēia mau holoholona nā ʻōpuʻu o nā mea kanu cereal. ʻAno loa ia mau mea kanu ma ke ala o nā holoholona. Akā ʻai hauʻoli nā vicunas iā lākou, e māʻona ana i ko lākou pōloli.

Mahalo i nā niho ʻoi, "ʻoki" maʻalahi nā vicuñas i nā lau a me nā lālā a wili i nā mea kanu i ko lākou waha. ʻAi lākou e like me nā ruminants āpau. Lohi ka neʻe ʻana akā aka akahele. ʻAʻole hoʻohana ʻo Vicuñas i nā aʻa o nā mea kanu i meaʻai, akā ʻoluʻolu me kā lākou mau hua. I ka manawa like, hoʻohana kēia mau kāmelo i nā pōhaku lime (waiwai i ka paʻakai) ma ke ʻano he "vitamina". Hoʻohui pū nā holoholona i ka ʻai ʻana i ka wai paʻakai.

ʻAi ʻia nā holoholona Domesticated i ke ala like (nā mea kanu ʻōmaʻomaʻo). Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā holoholona me nā meaʻai i hana ʻia me ka hana ʻino ʻia, hāʻawi ʻia me nā huaola a me nā minelala e pono ai no nā vicuna.

Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona

Kiʻi: Vicuña

Makemake ʻo Vicuñas e noho i nā ʻohana. He paʻakikī loa e hālāwai me nā kāmelo mehameha. Hoʻohui ʻia nā holoholona i nā hui o 6-15 mau kānaka a koho i ko lākou alakaʻi - he kāne kāne. Aia ma kona poʻohiwi ka waiho ʻana o ka hapa nui o ka mālama no ka ʻohana.

Mālama pono ke alakaʻi i kēlā me kēia lālā o ka hui. ʻO kāna kuleana ke kau ʻana i ka ʻohana i ka hoʻoweliweli e hiki mai ana. Hana ʻo ia i kēia me ke kōkua o kekahi ʻano hōʻailona wale nō o kēia kūlana. Inā ʻike ʻo ia i kahi malihini ma ka panalāʻau, e holo koke ʻo ia iā ia a hoʻomaka i ke kuha i ka mauʻu i hoʻoiho hapa ʻia i ka holoholona. ʻAno pau kēlā mau hālāwai i kahi hakakā. Hoʻopiʻi nā holoholona i kekahi i kekahi a hakakā me ko lākou mau wāwae.

Hōʻike nā ʻohana āpau i ko lākou hoʻolohe i ke alakaʻi ma ke kau ʻana i ko lākou mau poʻo i luna o ko lākou kua. Aia he 5 a 15 mau wahine i kēlā me kēia kāne i kahi hui o vicuñas. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻāina i noho ʻia e vicuñas ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻohana a me nā mea kanu. Ma ka awelika, aia nā hui ma nā wahi o 15-20 mau kilomika kilomika. I kēia hihia, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hakahaka āpau i ʻelua mau ʻāpana nui: ka "lumi moe" a me ka wahi hānai (aia kahi latrine me kahi ʻelua mika, i hoʻolālā ʻia e kuhikuhi i ka ʻāina o ka ʻohana).

He mālie a maluhia ʻo Vicuñas. Alakaʻi lākou i kahi nohona hana i ka lā. I ka pō, hoʻomaha ka holoholona i ka hānai ʻana i ke ao a me ka hele wāwae i nā wahi mauna. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia mau kānaka e ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka makaʻu a me ka noʻonoʻo. Mai ka makaʻu, hele koke lākou i ka hale - ma kahi puʻu. I ka manawa like, ke piʻi i nā kuahiwi, hiki i nā vicuñas ka wikiwiki a 47 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola.

ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou

Kiʻi: Vicuna Cub

Hāpai ʻo Vicuñas i ka puna (ma ka hapa nui o Malaki). Hāpai ka wahine momona i nā keiki i ka wā e hiki mai ana i loko ona iho no 11 mau mahina. I ka hopena o kēia wā, hānau kahi keiki kāne hoʻokahi. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka pēpē mai 4 a 6 kilokilo.

ʻOiaʻiʻo: hiki i nā vicunas pēpē ke neʻe kūʻokoʻa i waena o 15 mau minuke ma hope o ko lākou hānau ʻana. Hoʻohanohano ʻia nā foals e ka leʻaleʻa, hoihoi, palupalu.

Ua lahilahi ʻo 3-4 ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, hoʻomaka nā wahine i nā pāʻani moʻa hou. Hana ʻia nā keiki ʻo Vicuna i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Aia nā pahu lāʻau kokoke i ka makuahine a 10 mau makahiki o ko lākou makahiki. I kēia mau manawa āpau, ke kumu o ka papaʻai ka waiū umauma. Hoʻohālikelike me kēia, hānai nā keiki ʻāpili i ka ʻaoʻao o ko lākou makuahine, ka mea nāna e hoʻomākaukau i nā keiki no ke oʻo makua. I ka hōʻea ʻana i 10 mau mahina, kipaku ʻia ka hauʻoli o ka wahine mai ka pūʻā.

Hāʻawi ʻia nā wahine i nā hui hou. ʻAʻole hiki koke kēia, akā ma hope o ka ʻōpio (ma 2 mau makahiki). Kipaku ʻia nā kāne i hoʻokahi mahina ma mua. Hele koke lākou i kahi ola manuahi. Aia ke ola o nā vicunas ma muli o nā kumu kūwaho (nā mea kanu, nā hana a ke kanaka). I ko lākou kūlohelohe, ola nā holoholona a 15-20 mau makahiki.

ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o nā vicuna

Kiʻi: Vicuña ma Chile

I ka nahelehele, ʻelua mau ʻenemi o nā vicunas:

• ka ʻīlio hae (mai ka Helene "ʻīlio gula huelo pōkole"). ʻO kēia predator ka lāhui kini nui loa e noho ana ma ʻAmelika Hema. Ma waho, ua like ka holoholona me kahi ʻalopeke nui. ʻOkoʻa i nā wāwae kiʻekiʻe a me ke kino pokole. Hānai ʻo ia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi. I ka Andes, ʻo nā mea i loaʻa i kēia predator nā keiki pinepine a nā vicuna, a ʻo nā ʻelemakule (maʻi) o nā laha o ka laha;
• puma (lunamakaʻāinana o ka papa feline). Kupaianaha kēia mau mea ʻaihue i ka nui aʻo ia nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa o ka genus cougar. He ʻokoʻa loa kā lākou pae. Piʻi wiwo ʻole lākou i nā mauna a piʻi i 4700 mau mika. ʻO kēia kahi e alualu ai lākou i nā vicuna. Ma muli o ko lākou wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki, hopu koke nā cougars i ka mea pio a kuʻi iā ia.

Akā ʻaʻole ka puma a me ka ʻīlio hae huhū e hoʻoweliweli i nā vicunas, e like me ke kāne ponoʻī. I kēia lā, ke hoʻopau ʻia nei ka luku a me ka hana ʻana o kēia ʻano kamela. Hana ʻia kēia no hoʻokahi kumu - ka makemake e kiʻi i ka huluhulu pipiʻi o nā holoholona Andes. Ma muli o kēia, ke aupuni o nā mokuʻāina kahi e noho ai nā vicuñas, ua hoʻolauna i nā lula kūikawā no ka pale o kēia laha. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole pāpā ʻia ka ʻako ʻana o nā holoholona.

ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: hiki iā Vicuñas ke kipaku i kahi alakaʻi mai kāna "keʻena". I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia ke kāne kipaku ʻia e noho i ka ʻohana. Hoʻopaʻi ʻia ka holoholona i ka haʻalele ʻana i ke ola. Hoʻolilo ʻo ia i ke koena o kona ola i ka noho kaʻawale.

Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano

Kiʻi: He aha ke ʻano o nā vicuñas

Ua loli nui ka lehulehu o nā vicuna ma luna o ka papa o ko lākou ola. Inā i ka manawa o ka Incas i helu ʻia kēia ʻano ma kahi o 1.5 miliona mau kānaka, a laila i ka hopena o ke kenekulia i hala ua hōʻea kēia kiʻi i kahi pae koʻikoʻi - 6 tausani. Ma muli o ka emi loa o ka helu o nā aupuni ma Ecuador, Chile, Argentina a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻolauna loa aku ai i ka hopu ʻana o kēia mau holoholona, ​​ka luku ʻia ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka huluhulu huluhulu vicuña. ʻO ia mau hana i hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā holoholona i 2000 tausani.

I nā makahiki 90 i hala (i ke kenekulia i hala), ua hāpai ʻia ka pāpā no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā vicuna. I kēia lā, ʻAmelika ʻAkau, ka mea waiwai i ka hulu palupalu o kēia mau holoholona kupaianaha, e hana i nā ʻano ʻelua:

• mālama ʻia nā holoholona holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa (kahi ala weliweli no nā holoholona, ​​aloha manuahi nā holoholona a maʻa ʻole i ka noho pio ʻana);
• kalaiwa lākou i nā holoholona hihiu i loko o ka pā, ʻako i nā holoholona a hoʻokuʻu iā lākou (kahi ala akahai o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka huluhulu, ʻike ʻia he "kū kānāwai").

ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau holoholona, ​​waiwai nui nā hulu vicunas. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia me ka siliki a mākaukau e hāʻawi i ke kālā pupule no kahi mea kū hoʻokahi. Eia naʻe, i mea e hiki ai ke kālepa i ka hulu, pono e loaʻa kahi palapala kūikawā.

ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ka huluhulu ʻo Vicunia ma muli o kona mau olonā, nā mea maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO kā lākou anawaena he 12 mau microns wale nō (i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaneʻane 8 mau manawa ka nui o nā lauoho o ke kanaka). ʻO nā lole i hana ʻia i ka hulu hipa vicunas (ʻo ka hulu pinepine, nā pullovers, nā ʻahuʻula, nā kākini) e ʻike ʻia e kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela a me nā māmā.

Palekana ʻo Vicunas

Kiʻi: Vicuña mai ka puke ʻulaʻula

ʻOiai ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka lehulehu vicuna, ka hoʻolauna ʻana o kahi palapala ʻae no kā lākou ʻoki ʻana, kā lākou hoʻouluulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā holoholona, ​​ua helu ʻia nā holoholona i ka Red Book o ka International Union for Conservation of Nature. ʻO nā hana pale e mālama ai i kēia ʻano i kēia lā. I kēia hihia, pili nui lākou i ka hoʻopau loa ʻana (ka luku ʻana) o nā holoholona. Ua ʻimi ʻia ke ola o kēia mau holoholona plush e nā kamaʻāina o ka ʻA Andes me ka manaʻo e hōʻike i ka mea pio i mōhai na nā akua. ʻAʻole mahalo ʻia ka ʻiʻo holoholona. No laila, ʻaʻole hoʻokō ʻia ka pepehi kanaka i kēia lā (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā mea ola e hāʻawi i ka hulu hipa kūikawā a pipiʻi hoʻi).

I kēia lā, hiki ke loaʻa nā vicunas i nā zoo like ʻole ma ʻEulopa holoʻokoʻa. Aia nā holoholona ma ka moku ʻo Moscow. Maanei ua aʻa maikaʻi ke kāmele a hānau keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā keiki i hānau ʻia ma ka ʻāina o ka zoo ma kahi o 20 mau kānaka. Ua haʻalele ka hapa nui o lākou i ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow a ua hele a noho i nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua.

ʻAʻole hiki i nā menageries āpau ke hāʻawi i nā kūlana kūpono no kēia mau holoholona. Pono ʻo Vicuñas i kahi ākea e alakaʻi i kahi ola ola. Hiki i nā zoo kū hoʻokahi ke hāʻawi i kēlā wahi. No laila, i ka wā hānau (ke hana nui ka mamao no nā holoholona), hoʻouna ʻia nā ʻohana vicunas i nā kahu hānai nui ākea me nā pali kiʻekiʻe.

Liʻiliʻi ka nui, like nā vicuñas i ka manawa like i nā mea pāʻani nani a makemake ʻoe e cuddle i kou mau lima, a me nā keiki liʻiliʻi e pono nui ka palekana a me ka mālama mai nā mākua. Ma muli o ka hopu ʻana o nā luna o ʻAmelika Hema i ka hopena o kēia mau kāmelo i ka manawa, ʻaʻole i make iki kēia ʻohana.I mea e pale ʻole ai i kēia i ka hana ʻana, pono i ka poʻe e noʻonoʻo i kēia manawa inā he make make paha kēia mau holoholona. Vicuna ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoweliweli i nā kānaka, hāʻawi i ka hulu maikaʻi loa a launa loa. ʻAʻole hiki ke luku iā lākou a ʻaʻohe pono iki.

Lā paʻi: 30.07.2019

Lā hou: 07/30/2019 ma 22:22