Pipi kai - kahi hoʻokaʻawale o nā mammal wai nui nui i pau i ka wikiwiki ma mua o nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. Mai ka manawa i ʻike ʻia ai ke ʻano a hiki i kona nalowale piha ʻana, he 27 wale nō mau makahiki i hala. Kāhea nā ʻepekema i nā mea sirens, akā ʻaʻohe o lākou mea like me nā mermaids kaʻao. ʻO nā bipi kai he lau nahele, noho mālie a maluhia hoʻi.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Pipi wahine
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻohana i kona ulu ʻana i ka wā Miocene. I ko lākou neʻe ʻana i ka Pākīpika Akau, hoʻololi nā holoholona i nā anuanu anuanu a ulu i ka nui. Ua ʻai lākou i nā mea kanu kai ʻoluʻolu hoʻomanawanui. Ua alakaʻi kēia hana i ka puka ʻana mai o nā bipi kai.
Video: Kau bipi kai
ʻO Vitus Bering ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ka makahiki 1741. Ua kapa ka mea hoʻokele i ka holoholona he bipi Steller ma hope o ke kanaka kūlohelohe Kelemania ʻo Georg Steller, he kauka e hele ana i kahi huakaʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻike e pili ana i nā sirens e pili pololei ana i kāna wehewehe.
ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻO ka moku ʻo Vitus Bering "St. Peter" i wāwahi ʻia i kahi mokupuni ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ma hope o ka iho, ua ʻike ʻo Steller i nā puʻupuʻu he nui i ka wai. Kāhea koke ʻia nā holoholona i kāpīpī ma muli o ko lākou aloha i ka limu - limu. Ua hānai nā luina i nā mea ola a hiki i ka wā i ikaika ai lākou a hele i kahi huakaʻi hou.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ʻoiai e ola ke kime. Ua manaʻo mua ʻo Steller e pili ana ʻo ia me kahi manatee. Ua hoʻolauna ʻo Ebberhart Zimmermann i ke kāpeti i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i 1780. Ua hāʻawi aku ka mea kūlohelohe Suède ʻo Anders Retzius iā ia i ka inoa ʻo Hydrodamalis gigas i ka makahiki 1794, a unuhi maoli ia i ka bipi wai nunui.
Me ka luhi nui, ua hiki nō iā Steller ke wehewehe i ka holoholona, kāna ʻano a me nā ʻano. ʻAʻohe o nā mea noiʻi ʻē aʻe i hoʻokele e ʻike i ke ola o ka mea ola. A hiki i ko mākou manawa, ko lākou iwi iwi a me nā ʻāpana o ka ʻili i ola. Aia nā koena i nā hale hōʻikeʻike he 59 a puni ka honua.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: Kai, a i ʻole bipi a Steller's
Wahi a ka wehewehe a Steller, ʻeleʻele ka cabbage, hina, ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Ua mānoanoa a ikaika hoʻi ko lākou ʻili, ʻōlohelohe, ʻōhū.
Me ko lākou kūpuna, ʻo Hydromalis Cuesta, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā bipi kai ma mua o nā poʻe wai āpau i ka nui a me ke kaumaha, koe wale no nā koholā.
- ʻo ka lōʻihi o kahi bipi wahine he 7-8 mau mika;
- ke kaupaona - 5 tone;
- ke anapuni o ka ʻāʻī - 2 mika;
- poai poʻohiwi - 3.5 mika;
- puni ke ʻōpū - 6.2 mika;
- lōʻihi o hydrodamalis Cuesta - ʻoi aku ma mua o 9 mau mika;
- ke kaupaona - a i 10 tone.
Mānoanoa ke kino, fusiform. Liʻiliʻi loa ke poʻo i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ke kino. I ka manawa like, hiki i nā māmala ke hoʻoneʻe iā ia i nā ʻaoʻao ʻokoʻa, i luna a i lalo. Pau ke kino i ka huelo kakalaioa, ʻano like me ke koholā. Ua nalowale nā lālā hope. ʻO nā mea i mua ka maka, a ma ka hopena he ulu e kapa ʻia ka māno o ka lio.
ʻO kahi mea noiʻi hou e hana nei me kahi ʻāpana o ka ʻili i ola ua ʻike ʻo ia he ʻano like ia me ka elasticity me nā kaila o nā kaʻa o kēia lā. Aia kekahi mana i pale aku kēia waiwai i nā siren mai ka poino o nā pōhaku i ka wai pāpaʻu.
ʻAno ʻike ʻole ʻia nā pepeiao o nā ʻili o nā ʻili. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, e like me ka hipa. Ma luna, lehelehe non-forked, aia nā vibrissae, ka mānoanoa o kahi hulu moa. Ua nalo nā niho. Ua nau lākou i ka ʻai kāpī me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pā ʻāke, hoʻokahi ma kēlā me kēia ā. Ke hoʻoholo nei i nā iwi iwi i koe, aia ma kahi o 50 vertebrae.
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. ʻAʻohe pili. Hū wale lākou me ka walaʻau, e luʻu ana ma lalo o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi. Inā ʻeha lākou, ʻū nui lākou. ʻOiai ʻo ka pepeiao i loko i kūkulu maikaʻi ʻia, e hōʻike ana i ka lohe maikaʻi, ʻaʻole i hana iki nā mea ola i ka walaʻau i hana ʻia e nā moku.
I kēia manawa ʻike ʻoe inā paha ua pio ka pipi kai a ʻaʻole paha. E nānā ma hea kahi i noho ai kēia mau holoholona ʻano ʻē.
Ma hea e noho ai ka bipi kai?
Kiʻi: Kai bipi kai i loko o ka wai
Hōʻike ka noiʻi e hoʻonui ana ka laulā o nā māmela i ka piko o ke aniani hope loa, i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai ka Pākīpika a me nā ʻĀkau ʻĀkau e ka ʻāina, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka Moana ʻo Bering. ʻO ke aniau i kēlā manawa ʻoi aku ka māmā a me nā mea kanu kāpeti i kū ma kahakai holoʻokoʻa o ʻAsia.
Loaʻa nā ʻike ma hope o 2.5 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei e hōʻoia i ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona i kēia wahi. I ka wā o Holocene, ua kaupalena ʻia ka wahi i nā mokupuni ʻo Commander. Manaʻo nā ʻepekema i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, ua nalowale paha nā siren ma muli o ka alualu ʻana o nā mea ʻimi holoholona mua. Akā maopopo kekahi i ka manawa i loaʻa ai, aia ka laha i ka make o nā kumu kūlohelohe.
ʻOiai nā ʻikepili mai nā kumuwaiwai Soviet, ua ʻike nā loea IUCN i ka kenekulia 18, ua noho nā kumu lāʻau kāpeti ma kahi kokoke i nā Aleutian Islands. Ua hōʻike ka mea mua i nā koena i loaʻa ma waho o ka mahele o ka mahele i ʻike ʻia he mau kupapaʻu wale nō i lawe ʻia e ke kai.
I nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970, ua loaʻa nā ʻāpana o ka iwi iwi i Iāpana a me Kaleponi. Ua loaʻa kahi iwi iwi piha i ka makahiki 1969 ma ka mokupuni ʻo Amchitka. ʻO ka makahiki o nā mea i loaʻa he 125-130 tausani makahiki i hala. Ma ke kahakai o Alaska i ka makahiki 1971, ua loaʻa ka iwi ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka holoholona. ʻOiai ka liʻiliʻi o ka makahiki o ka bipi kai, ua like ka nui me ko nā mākua mai ka moku Commander.
He aha ka ʻai a ka bipi kai?
Kiʻi: Kāpena, a i ʻole bipi kai
Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe makuahine i ko lākou manawa āpau i ka wai pāpaʻu, kahi i ulu ai ka limu i ka nui, a ua hānai lākou. ʻO ka meaʻai kai nui ka limu, mahalo i loaʻa ai nā sirens i kekahi o ko lākou mau inoa. Ma ka ʻai ʻana i ka limu, hiki i nā holoholona ke noho ma lalo o ka wai no kahi manawa lōʻihi.
Hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 4-5 mau minuke e puka lākou e hanu i ka ea. I ka manawa like, hū lākou i ka walaʻau, me he lio lā. I nā wahi o ka hānai ʻana i ke kāpeti, nā nui o nā aʻa a me nā koʻokoʻo o nā mea kanu a lākou e ʻai ai i hōʻiliʻili. ʻO Thallus, pū me nā pauma e like me ka lepo o ka lio, kiola ʻia i ke kapakai i nā puʻu nui.
I ke kauwela, ʻai ka mau bipi i ka hapa nui o ka manawa, ka waihona ʻana i ka momona, a i ka hoʻoilo ua lilo ka nui o ke kaumaha a maʻalahi ka helu ʻana i kā lākou iwi ʻaoʻao. Ua ʻoki nā holoholona i nā lau o ka limu me nā palule a ua nau ʻia me ko lākou auwae niho ʻole. ʻO ia ke kumu i ʻai wale ʻia ka ʻiʻo o ka mauʻu o ke kai.
ʻOiaʻiʻo leʻaleʻa: Ua wehewehe ʻo Kauka Steller i nā mea mammal e like me nā holoholona momona nui āna i ʻike ai. Wahi a ia, ʻai mau nā mea ola insatiable a hoihoi ʻole i nā mea e hana nei a puni. I kēia pili, nele lākou i ke ʻano o ka mālama pilikino ʻana. Ma waena o lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke holo pono ma nā waʻa a koho i kahi kanaka no ka luku. ʻO ko lākou hopohopo wale nō ka luʻu ʻana i ka hanu.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: Pipi wahine
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa, hoʻolilo nā sirena i ka wai pāpaʻu, hoʻomehana maikaʻi ʻia e ka lā, e ʻai ana i nā mea kanu kai. Me ko lākou mau lālā mua, hoʻomaha pinepine lākou i ka lalo. ʻAʻole ʻike nā mea ola i ka luʻu, pili mau ko lākou kua i ka papa. Ua luʻu wale lākou ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka iwi a me ka buoyancy haʻahaʻa. ʻO kēia ka mea i hiki ke lilo ma ka lalo me ka ʻole o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.
Kau ʻia nā kua o ka bipi ma luna o ka wai, kahi o nā limu i noho ai. ʻO nā manu kai ʻē aʻe kekahi i kōkua i ka sirens e kāpae i nā crustacea. Ua ʻoki lākou i nā makika kohola mai nā pā i ko lākou ʻili. Ua hoʻokokoke aku nā holoholona nalu i ke kapakai a hiki i nā luina ke hoʻopā iā lākou me ko lākou mau lima. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ua hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻole kēia ʻano i ko lākou ola.
Mālama ʻia nā bipi e nā ʻohana: makuahine, makuakāne a me nā keiki. Hānai hānai ʻia, ma kahi o ke koena o ke kāpena, ʻākoakoa i nā hui a hiki i nā haneli o nā kānaka. Aia nā keiki ma waenakonu o ka pua. Ua ikaika loa ke aloha ma waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ma ka laulā, maluhia nā mea ola, lohi a ʻoluʻolu ʻole.
Mea hoihoi: ua wehewehe ʻo Steller i ka ʻauʻau ʻana o ka hoa o ka wahine i pepehi ʻia no kekahi mau lā i ka wahine i hoʻomake ʻia, e waiho ana ma kahakai. ʻO ke ʻano bipi a ka bipi i luku ʻia e nā luina, e like me ke ʻano like. ʻAʻole hoʻopaʻi nā māmela. Inā ʻauʻau lākou i kai a ʻeha lākou, neʻe akula nā mea ola, akā hoʻi koke lākou.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Pipi kai kai
ʻOiai hānai ʻia ka mauʻu cabbage i nā hui, hiki nō ke hoʻomaopopo i nā puʻupuʻu o 2, 3, 4 mau bipi i ka wai. ʻAʻole ʻauʻau mamao nā mākua mai ka ʻōpio o ka makahiki a me ka pēpē i hānau ʻia i ka makahiki i hala. Ua lōʻihi ka hāpai ʻana a hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua hānai ʻia nā keiki hānau hou i ka waiū o ka makuahine, ma waena o nā pūhaka o ia mau mea nā nipples o nā momona mammary.
Wahi a nā wehewehe a Steller, he monogamous nā mea ola. Inā i make kekahi o nā hoa, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka lua i ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi a holo i ke kupapaʻu no kekahi mau lā. Ua mālama nui ʻia ka male ʻana i ka wā mua o ka puna, akā ma ka laulā ua kau ka wā hānau mai Mei a Kepakemapa. Ua ʻike ʻia nā hānau mua i ka hopena o ke kau.
ʻOiai he mau mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ua hakakā nā kāne no nā wahine. Lohi loa ka hana hou ʻana. I ka hapa nui o nā hihia, hānau ʻia hoʻokahi keiki bipi i ka ʻōpala. He mea liʻiliʻi loa, hānau ʻia ʻelua mau bipi keiki. Ua hōʻea nā mākua i ke ʻano wahine i ka makahiki o 3-4 mau makahiki. Hana ʻia ka hānau hānau ʻana i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu. Paʻa paʻa nā kamaliʻi.
ʻO kā lākou nui:
- lōʻihi - 2-2.3 mika;
- ke kaupaona - 200-350 kg.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā kāne i ka hānai ʻōpio. ʻOiai e hānai ʻana i ka makuahine, pipili nā pēpē iā ia. ʻAi lākou i ka waiū i lalo i lalo. Hānai lākou i ka waiū o ka makuahine a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa makahiki. ʻOiai i ka makahiki o ʻekolu mau mahina hiki iā lākou ke ʻōpala i ka mauʻu. Ua hiki ke ola i 90 mau makahiki.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā bipi kai
Kiʻi: Kai bipi kai i loko o ka wai
ʻAʻole wehewehe ke kauka hoʻouna moku i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka holoholona. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia he mau manawa hou ka make ʻana o nā sirena ma lalo o ka hau. Aia kekahi mau hanana i ka wā o ka ʻino ikaika, kiʻekiʻe loa nā nalu i kū nā lāʻau kāpeti i nā pōhaku a make.
ʻO ka makaʻu mai ka manō a me nā cetaceans, akā ʻo ka pōʻino i ʻike ʻia ka hopena o ka lehulehu o nā bipi kai e nā kānaka. ʻO Vitus Bering, me kāna hui o nā luina, ʻaʻole wale ia he poʻe paionia o ka laha, akā ua lilo i ka nalowale.
I ko lākou noho ʻana ma ka mokupuni, ua ʻai ka hui i ka ʻi kāpī, a hoʻi mai lākou i ka home, ua haʻi lākou i ka honua i kā lākou loaʻa. ʻO ka poʻe kālepa hulu, makemake nui i ka loaʻa kālā, hele i nā ʻāina hou e ʻimi i nā otters kai, a nona ka hulu i waiwai nui ai. Nui nā poʻe ʻimi holoholona i hoʻopiha i ka mokupuni.
ʻO kā lākou pahuhopu nā ʻope kai. Hoʻohana wale lākou i nā bipi i ke ʻano o nā lako. Pepehi lākou iā lākou, ʻaʻole helu. Ma mua o kā lākou ʻai a huki hoʻi i ka ʻāina. Ua hiki i ke kai otter ke ola ma muli o ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana o ka poʻe ʻimi holoholona, akā ʻaʻole i hiki i nā sirine ke ola i kā lākou hoʻouka kaua ʻana.
ʻOiaʻiʻo hoihoi: Ua ʻōlelo nā mea hoʻoheheʻe he ʻono loa ka ʻiʻo mammal a ʻano like me ka puaʻa. Hiki ke inu ʻia ka momona i nā kīʻaha. Ua mālama ʻia no kahi manawa lōʻihi loa, ʻoiai i ke anilā wela loa. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻono ka waiū o nā bipi Steller e like me ka waiū hipa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: Pipi wahine
Ua hana ka American zologist Steineger i nā helu maʻamau i ka makahiki 1880 a ua ʻike ʻia i ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka laha, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heluna kanaka ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tausani kānaka. Loiloi ʻia nā kānaka ʻepekema i ka makahiki 2006 i nā kumumea hiki ke hoʻohuli i ka nalowale wikiwiki ʻana o kēia ʻano. Wahi a nā hopena, ua hoʻololi ʻia no ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka sirena ma kahi o 30 mau makahiki, ua lawa ka ʻimi holoholona wale no ka pau ʻana o kēia mau mea ola. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā helu ʻana ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 17 mau kānaka i kēlā me kēia makahiki i palekana no ka noho hou ʻana o nā laha.
Ua hāpai ka mea ʻenehana ʻo Yakovlev i ka makahiki 1754 i ka hoʻāla ʻana i ka hopu ʻana i nā mea mammal, akā ʻaʻole ia i maliu ʻia. Ma waena o 1743 a me 1763, ua luku ʻia nā ʻenehana ma kahi o 123 mau bipi i kēlā me kēia makahiki. I ka makahiki 1754, ua luku ʻia kahi helu moʻo o nā bipi kai - ʻoi aku ma mua o 500. Ma kēia helu o ka luku ʻia, 95% o nā mea ola i nalowale e 1756.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ke ola ʻana o nā sirena a hiki i ka makahiki 1768 e hōʻike ana i ka noho ʻana o kahi lehulehu kokoke i ka Medny Island. ʻO ka manaʻo o kēia hiki i ka helu mua ke piʻi i 3000 poʻe. ʻO ka nui mua e hiki ai ke hoʻokolokolo i ka hoʻoweliweli o ka luku ma laila. Ua ukali ka poʻe hahai holoholona i ke ala i huki ʻia e Vitus Bering. I ka makahiki 1754, ua hana ʻo ʻIvan Krassilnikov i ka luku nui ʻana, i ka makahiki 1762 e alualu nui nei ka mea ʻokiʻoki ʻo ʻIrvana Korovin i nā holoholona. I ka hōʻea ʻana o ka hoʻokele Dmitry Bragin me ka huakaʻi i ka makahiki 1772, ʻaʻohe pipi hou ma ka mokupuni.
27 mau makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea nunui, ʻai ʻia ka hope loa o lākou. I kēia manawa i ka 1768 e ʻai ana ka mea hana ʻo Popov i ka bipi kai hope loa, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ka hapanui o nā mea noiʻi o ka honua i ka noho ʻana o kēia ʻano. Manaʻo ka nui o nā zoologists ua hala nā kānaka i kahi manawa kupanaha loa i ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana o nā bipi kai, e like me nā bipi ʻāina. Me ka manaʻo ʻole e luku i nā sirens, ua luku nā kānaka i kahi ʻano o nā mea ola āpau. Wahi a kekahi mau luina ua ʻike lākou i nā pua o ke koʻi, akā ʻaʻole kekahi o kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻepekema ʻia.
Lā paʻi: 11.07.2019
Lā hou: 09/24/2019 ma 22:12
