ʻO Semaya (Сhalсalburnus Сhalsoids) kahi iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia e ka ʻohana carp a me ka lāhui Ukleyki. He iʻa laha ʻole ka iʻa kula a he heluna nui e emi emi ana.
Hōʻike o ka iʻa ʻo Semaya
I kēia manawa, nui nā inoa no ka shemaya iʻa - "shamaya iʻa", a i ʻole "shamayka", i hoʻomaka ʻia mai Peresia kahiko. Ua unuhi ʻia ka inoa Peresia "shah-mai" ma ke ʻano he "iʻa aliʻi".
Helehelena
Wahi a ke ʻano o kona kino, elongated ka iʻa shamayka fin-ray, uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi, kālā. Pālahalaha a haʻahaʻa ke kino o ka iʻa, ʻike ʻia kaomi ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke poʻo e nā tints silvery-bluish. ʻĀlohilohi ke kua, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, nā ʻaoʻao i nā kala māmā, me ke alo o ka ʻōlinolino. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ke kanaka makua he 34-35 cm. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka fin dorsal ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma hope.
He lau ʻalani nā maka o nā shamikas. Ua hoʻoneʻe iki ʻia ka fin dorsal i hope, a aia ka fin hope ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻōpū, ma hope pono o ka ʻaoʻao dorsal. ʻAno hina nā lau o nā iʻa predatory i ke kala. I kona ʻano a pau, ua like ka iʻa shamaya me ka waena i ka vimba, a ʻo ka ʻokoʻa nui ma kahi ʻano kino elongated.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka iwi ā lalo o ka iʻa ma mua o ka iwi ā luna. He silvery nā maka, me kahi kiko ʻeleʻele liʻiliʻi ma luna. ʻO ke kaulike kaulike kaulike o ke kanaka makua ma kahi o 580-650 g.
Ka hana a me ka nohona
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā nohona o kēlā me kēia kanaka o kēia iʻa iʻa i hoʻopau ʻia ʻaʻole i aʻo nui ʻia i kēia manawa. E like me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia, ke kula nei ʻo shamikis iʻa, a makemake lākou e noho i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe a waiwai nui hoʻi. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e kū aʻe ana nā ʻelele kūpale o ka ʻohana Carp a me ka genus Ukleiki i ka papa luna o ka wai kai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō.
Hoihoi ia! Ua ʻike nā ʻepekema i kahi shamayka predatory e noho nei i ke kai a aneane hiki ke komo i loko o ka wai muliwai wale nō i ka wā o ka hānau ʻana.
A i ke ao, poholo loa kēlā iʻa kokoke i ka lalo o ka wai maoli i mālama ʻia. Ua hala loa nā kula o ka mea hōkai mai ke kahakai, akā i kekahi manawa hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokokoke i kahi mamao loa. Mālama ka ʻano Bavarian i nā waihona me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka papa pōhaku o lalo.
Wā ola
ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia ke ola ʻoi loa o ka shamike, no ka nele o ka ʻike piha i ka iʻa iʻa. Eia nō naʻe, e like me kekahi ʻike, hiki i ka Aral Semaya ke ola a hiki i ka piha ʻana o ka makahiki eiwa, a ʻo ka awelika o ka lōʻihi o ua kanaka makua nei ma kahi o 30-32 cm.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
ʻO ka iʻa Shamayka, ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka lawena o kahi nohona pelargic, kahi ʻāpana o ka hāʻawi ʻana... Hiki i nā ʻano shemai ke noho i ka wai piha a me ke kai. I ka ʻĀina ʻEleʻele, ua lawa ka ākea o ka mahele.
ʻO kahi laʻana, piʻi nā kula iʻa ma ka muliwai ʻo Don a komo i nā kahawai i uka. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano o ka shamika ma ka moku ʻo Voronezh a ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe. I ke kai Caspian, makemake ka lunamakaʻāinana o nā iʻa fininā e noho ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema, a ʻaʻole komo iki i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke kula.
Hoihoi ia! I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka iʻa i ka Dnieper. I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, ʻike wale ʻia kahi lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana carp a me ka genus Ukleiki i loko o ka wai o ka Danube, a no ka mahele o nā iʻa laha ʻole.
I ka muliwai Volga, ʻāpana o nā wahi e lawaiʻa ʻana o ke kumu kūlohelohe i hiki ʻole ke kiʻi ʻia i ka iʻa ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā hale neila. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kekahi mau waihona wai o ko mākou ʻāina, kahakaha ʻia nā ʻano sedentary o nā iʻa shamik.
Ua noho ʻia kahi iʻa laha ʻole i loko o kekahi mau waihona wai ma Kalmykia a me Stavropol. Noho nā ʻano Semai i nā mea liʻiliʻi i nā loko ma Bavaria. I kēia manawa, ua loaʻa pū kekahi shemaya i ka Teritori ʻo Turkestan, kahi e noho ai ia ma Ak-Darya Duman-Kul.
ʻO kaʻai a me ka meaʻai
Pili ʻo Shamaika i nā ʻano omnivorous o nā mea neʻe wai, no laila ke kumu o ka papaʻai o ia iʻa e plankton, nā ʻano ʻelala like ʻole a me kā lākou larva, a me nā crustacean. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki i ka shamika ke hopu i ka ʻai.
Shemaya iʻa hānai
ʻO Semaya, a me nā ʻano semi-anadromous ʻē aʻe, e puka mai ana i ka wai hou... Hoʻomaka ka neʻe ʻana o nā hipa ʻo Semai e neʻe i ka muliwai i loko o nā makahiki heʻumi i hala o Kepakemapa a i ʻole i ka hoʻomaka o ʻOkakopa. Kū ka hana hoʻololi a hiki i Ianuali-Malaki. I ka wā ma hope o ka puna, komo ʻo Semika i ka muliwai i kahi kiʻekiʻe iki, kahi e hoʻomaka ai ka ʻōpū ʻana. No ka spawning kūleʻa, koi ka shemai i ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi pae o 18 ° C.
Ua kupu mai nā iʻa makua moekolohe mai ka hopena o Mei a i ke anahulu i hala o Iulai. ʻO nā palena o ka fecundity o nā ʻohana hipa like ʻole o Semika i nā wai o nā kahawai i fluctuate, a hiki iā 2.6-23.5 tausani hua manu. Hoʻomaka ʻo Semai e ulu i ka wā ahiahi a i ka pō paha, i nā wahi me ka ʻiliʻili a me ka lepo pōhaku, me ka ʻole o ka limu a me ka silt. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, ʻaʻole noho nā iʻa shemai makua āpau i ka wai o ka wai, akā haʻalele koke i ke kai.
ʻO ka pinepine, koho nā iʻa iʻa predatory i nā hakahaka no ka hānai ʻana i loaʻa ka wai maʻemaʻe a me kahi kahe wikiwiki. Ma ke ʻano he rula, he 20 a 20 cm ka hohonu o ka hānau ʻana, a lawe ʻia nā hua manu i kēia manawa ma lalo o nā ʻiliʻili a i ʻole nā pōhaku liʻiliʻi, a pili pono lākou i ka hoʻopili ʻia.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO ka iʻa ʻōpio ʻo Semai ke ʻano o ka hoʻomohala lohi, kahi i loko o ka muliwai, a ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, neʻe ka shemai i ke kai, kahi e hoʻonui ai i nā hanana ulu.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hatch ka larvae ma hope o ʻekolu mau lā. No kekahi manawa lōʻihi, aia nā larva i kū i lalo o ka waihona wai, i kahi wahi pouli, a laila hele mālie lākou i ke kahawai i loko o nā wai kai.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe nui o shamiki ke kāne... I ke kenekulia i hala, ua hōʻemi nui ʻia nā waihona waiwai o nā iʻa Semai ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu mana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻole ʻole ʻana, a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kēia mea hoʻoulu wai.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o nā wahi e hānau ai, ʻo ke kaʻina hana o ka hana maoli ʻana i ka shemai e loli maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e ka haumia o nā kino wai, a me kahi loli nui o ka pae wai i nā kai a me nā kahawai.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Aia ma kahi o ʻumikūmākolu mau ʻāpana o ka shemai, akā ʻelua wale nō e noho nei i nā waihona Lūkini: ʻo ka Black Sea shamayka a me ka Caspian. Eia kekahi, ʻike ʻia ka puka komo a me nā ʻano noho. ʻO ka shemai Predatory he kamaʻāina maʻamau ia o ke Kai ʻeleʻele a me nā kai ʻo Azov.
Hoihoi ia!ʻOno ka momona a me ka momona o kaʻiʻo shamiki, momona a palupalu hoʻi, ma muli o ka noho ʻana o kahi ʻano wai i ke kumu o ka lawaiʻa ʻana no nā kamaʻāina kūloko, a me nā lawaiʻa-mākaʻikaʻi.
ʻO ka hopena o ka hana ikaika a ke kanaka he hōʻemi nui ia i ka helu o nā heluna kanaka; no laila, ua pau ka loaʻa ʻana o ka iʻa i ka loaʻa pinepine i ka nohona kūlohelohe. I kēia manawa, helu ʻia ʻo shamayka i ka puke Red.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ka nui o nā pāpā a me nā hoʻopaʻi i kau ʻia, hoʻolaha ka lawaiʻa kū kānāwai ʻole. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, he lawehala hewa ka lawaiʻa kalepa ʻana, a no ia mau lawehala, hāʻawi ʻia kahi manawa paʻa a i ʻole ka wā paʻa o ka paʻahao.
