ʻO ka stingray Motoro a i ʻole ka stingray ocellated (Latin Potamotrygon motoro, stingray English English ,oro stingray) ka mea kaulana a kaulana ʻo stingray aquarium wai wai. He iʻa nui, hoihoi a ʻano ʻē kēia, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia mea aloha i ka aquarium ke mālama iā ia.
Noho i ke kūlohelohe
Ua pālahalaha nui kēia ʻano ma ʻAmelika Hema. Loaʻa ia ma Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, a me Argentina. Noho pū ʻia ʻo Amazon a me nā lālā ona: Orinoco, Rio Branco, Parana, Paraguay.
E like me ke koena o nā laha, loaʻa ia i nā biotopes like ʻole. ʻO kēia nā ʻae one o nā kahawai nui a me kā lākou mau muliwai, kahi o ka substrate me ka silt a me ke one. I ka wā ua, neʻe lākou i nā ulu ulu nahele, a i ka wā maloʻo i nā loko i hana ʻia.
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻoiai ke kaulana o ka motoro stingray i ka leʻaleʻa aquarium, ʻaʻohe lawa o ka hoʻonohonoho pono ʻana o nā ʻelele o kēia ʻohana. I kēlā me kēia manawa, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano hou i hōʻike ʻole ʻia ma mua.
Wehewehe
Pili nā stingray i nā manō a me nā kukuna sawnose, ʻokoʻa ka iwi iwi ʻokoʻa mai ka iwi o ka iʻa maʻamau, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ona iwi a pili pono i kaʻiʻo cartilaginous.
ʻO ka inoa ʻepekema o kēia ʻano ka stingray ocellated a e ukali iā ia e hiki ai i ka stingray ke hoʻopakele i nā injection. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia kahi kākalaioa mea make ma ka huelo o ka stingray (ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he unahi ia). Me kēia kākalaioa, pale ka stingray iā ia iho, a hana ʻia ka lāʻau make e nā glande aia ma ke kumu o ke kākalaioa.
Kūlike ʻole i ka manaʻo nui, ʻaʻole hōʻeha nā stingrays i nā kānaka ma ke kowali ʻana i kā lākou kākalaioa. Pono ʻoe e hehi ma luna o kekahi a e hoʻohoka paha i kekahi o lākou e ʻeha. I kekahi manawa, hāʻule ka piko (i kēlā me kēia 6-12 mau mahina) a hiki ke loaʻa e moe ana ma lalo o ka aquarium. He maʻamau kēia a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻoweliweli iā ʻoe.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kukuna wai hou ka ampoz Lorenzini. ʻO kēia nā paipu kūikawā i kau ʻia ma ke poʻo o ka iʻa (puni nā maka a me nā puka ihu). Me kā lākou kōkua, hōʻiliʻili nā iʻa cartilaginous i nā māla uila a kōkua lākou i ka iʻa i ka wā e hoʻonaninani ana ma ka māno honua o ka honua.
I ke kūlohelohe, piʻi ka motoro stingray i 50 cm ke anawaena, a i 1 mika ka lōʻihi, a kaupaona ʻia a 35 kg. Ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi aquarium, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻamau.
ʻO kona disk e like me ka pōʻai o ke ʻano, a hāpai ʻia kona mau maka ma luna o ka ʻaoʻao o ke kua. ʻO ka hope he beige a ʻeleʻele paha ia, me nā kiko melemele-ʻalani me nā apo ʻeleʻele. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpū.
ʻO ke kala, a me kahi a me ka nui o nā kiko, hiki ke loli iki mai kēlā me kēia kanaka. Ma ka Amazon, ʻekolu mauʻano kala nui i ʻike ʻia, akā hoʻopili pū kēlā me kēia i nā ʻano subtypes.
Ka paʻakikī o ka ʻike
ʻO P. motoro kekahi o nā lālā kaulana loa o ka genus ma waena o nā aquarist. Kāhāhā ka poʻe he nui i ka ʻike ʻana i kekahi mau stingray e ola ana i ka wai maoli.
Akamai loa nā kukuna wai maoli a launa pū me nā kānaka. Hiki iā lākou ke aʻo i ka hānai lima. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ia na ka poʻe āpau. Pono lākou i nā aquarium nui, nā kūlana kūpono a me nā papaʻai loea.
Akā no ka poʻe makemake e hoʻokau i ka hana, kū hoʻokahi lākou, lilo koke i holoholona punahele. I ka wā ma mua, ua hopu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā stingrays no ke kūʻai aku i ka nāhelehele, ʻo ia hoʻi ua koʻikoʻi pinepine lākou a lawe pinepine ʻia i nā parasite a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Kūʻai ʻia nā stingray he nui i kēia lā i ka lawe pio.
Weliweli kēia iʻa. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe Aboriginal i nā ʻāina kahi e loaʻa ai lākou ua makaʻu nui i nā stingray ma mua o nā ʻano hoʻoweliweli e like me piranhas. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma Colombia, ʻoi aku ma mua o 2000 mau hihia o nā ʻeha a me nā make make ʻole hoʻi mai kahi hōʻeha stingray i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
Aia ke kuamoʻo ma ka piko o ka caudal fin, kahi i ʻike maopopo ʻia. Uhi ʻia me ka pūpū lahilahi o waho, kahi e mālama ai i ka stingray iā ia iho mai kāna mau ʻawahia ʻino.
Ma kona ʻili o loko o ka spike aia kahi moʻo o hope i mua e nānā ʻia. Kōkua lākou i ka haʻihaʻi i ka pūpū ke hoʻāʻo ka stingray e hoʻohana i kona ʻū, a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kekahi ʻeha āna i hoʻokomo ai. Hāʻawi ka ʻaoʻao i hope iā lākou e hana e like me ka makau iʻa, e paʻakikī ana i ka hemo ʻana.
ʻOiai ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻona ʻokoʻa i ka ʻona, like like lākou i ka hui. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka venom i loko o ka protein a loaʻa i ka cocktail o nā kemikō i hoʻolālā ʻia e hana i ka ʻehaʻeha a me ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mea wikiwiki (nekrosis).
Inā ʻeha ʻoe i kahi stingray, e manaʻo i ka ʻeha kūloko o ka ʻāina, ka maʻi poʻo, kaho, a me ka palahī. E nīnau ʻia ke kauka ʻaʻohe mea e like me ka mālie o nā ʻōuli.
Hele me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo ʻana e mālama pono loa i ka mālama ʻana i nā kukuna. Eia nō naʻe, liʻiliʻi ka makaʻu inā aia ka mahalo.
ʻO ka maʻamau ʻaʻole kēia iʻa iʻa kolohe, e hoʻohana ana i ko lākou ʻū ma ke ʻano he pale. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, lilo lākou i ʻano tame, aʻo e hoʻomaopopo i ko lākou haku a piʻi aʻe i luna e noi i ka meaʻai.
Kū ka hapa nui o nā hōʻeha ke hoʻāʻo nā mea kuleana ʻole e hānai i kā lākou iʻa a hopu iā lākou me ka ʻupena. ʻAʻole pono e hoʻohana i ka upena pae, hoʻohana i kekahi ʻano o ka ipu paʻa ma kahi.
Ka mālama ʻana i loko o ka aquarium
Hoʻomaopopo loa nā kukuna wai hou i ka amonia, nā nitrite a me nā nitrates i loko o ka wai, no laila he mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka pōʻaiapuna nitrogen a mālama i ka wai aniani. He ʻoihana paʻakikī kēia, no ka mea, hoʻopuka nā stingray i nā amonia he nui. ʻO nā aquarium nui, ka kānana biologic pono a me nā loli wai pinepine wale nō ke ala e mālama ai i kahi regimen kūpono.
Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hapanui o nā kukuna wai ma ka pH o 6.8 a 7.6, kahi alkalinity o 1 ° a 4 ° (18 a 70 ppm), a me kahi mahana o 24 a 26 ° C. ʻAno mau nā ammonia a me nā nitrite pae a me nā nitrates ma lalo o 10 ppm.
Ke hiki mai i ka aquarium nui kūpono no nā kukuna wai hou, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maikaʻi. ʻAʻole koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kīʻaha, akā ʻo nā lōʻihi mai 180 a 220 cm a me nā laulā mai 60 a 90 cm hiki ke kūpono no ka mālama wā lōʻihi.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kahi aquarium o 350 a 500 liters no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpio moto stingray, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi he 1000 liters no ka mālama wā lōʻihi o nā mākua.
Hiki i ka lepo ke one maikaʻi. ʻO ke koho o ka substrate ka mea nui o ka makemake pilikino. Hoʻohana kekahi mau mea leʻaleʻa i ke one muliwai, kahi koho maikaʻi loa, keu no nā ʻōpio. Hoʻohana nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka gravel aquarium maʻamau o nā mana like ʻole. ʻO ke koho ʻekolu e haʻalele wale i ka substrate. Māmā kēia i ka mālama ʻana i ka aquarium, akā hana ia i mea paʻakikī a kūlohelohe hoʻi.
Hoʻohui ʻia, aloha nā stingrays e kanu iā lākou iho i ke one ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi a noho i nā wahi me ke one a me nā kumu lepo i ke ʻano. No laila, e hōʻole ana iā lākou i ka hiki ke puʻuhonua me he mea ʻino lā.
ʻO ka mea hoʻonaninani, inā hoʻohana ʻia, pono e laumania a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi mai nā kihi ʻoi. ʻO ka ʻōlelo koʻikoʻi, ʻaʻole pono ka mea hoʻonani i kahi aquarium stingray. Eia nō naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā lāʻau drift nui, nā lālā, a i ʻole nā pōhaku laumania inā makemake ʻoe. E waiho ka nui o lalo i hiki i ka stingray e ʻauʻau i hiki iā lākou ke neʻe a burrow i ke one.
Pono e pale ʻia nā hoʻomehana a puni iā lākou a i waho paha ma waho o ka aquarium i ʻole e wela nā kukuna iā lākou. Pono e hoʻomālamalama ke kukui a hana ma kahi pōʻaiapuni 12 mau lā / pō.
ʻO nā mea kanu e koi ana i ke aʻa i ka substrate e ʻai ʻia, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i nā laha hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i nā mea hoʻonaninani e like me ka fern Java a i ʻole Anubias spp. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kūpaʻa i ka nānā o nā kukuna.
Hanai ana
ʻO nā stingrays wai hou ka mea hānai e hānai nui nei i nā iʻa a me nā crustacean i ka nāhelehele. He iʻa hana lākou me ka nui o ka metabolic rate a no laila pono e hānai ʻia ma kahi o ʻelua mau manawa i ka lā.
Kaulana pū lākou no ka ʻai ʻana, a e uku nui nā meaʻai iā ʻoe. Ma ke ʻano laulā, makemake ʻia kahi papaʻai holoholona pono, ʻoiai e ʻae paha kekahi i nā meaʻai hamani.
ʻAi nā ʻōpio i nā kōkō koko ola a i ʻole hau hoʻi, tubifex, shrine shrimp, shrimp meat, a me nā mea like. Pono e hānai ʻia nā mākua i nā meaʻai nui aʻe e like me ka mussels holoʻokoʻa, ka ʻāpala, ka ʻōpae, ka heʻe, ka ʻai (a i ʻole nā iʻa hou), a me nā ʻenuhe honua.
Pono kahi papaʻai like ʻole e mālama i ka iʻa i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana, makemake pinepine lākou e ʻai a hōʻea i kahi kūlana maikaʻi ʻole. He mea nui loa ia e hoʻomaka lākou e ʻai me ka hikiwawe ma muli o kā lākou wikiwiki wikiwiki. Kuhi ʻia nā Bloodworm a i ʻole nā ʻenewewe (hiki i ka hope ke ʻoki ʻia i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi) ʻo ia kekahi o nā hānai maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kukuna hou i loaʻa.
ʻAʻole pono nā stingray e ʻai i ka ʻiola mammal e like me ka puʻuwai pipi a moa paha. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopili pono ʻia i kekahi o nā lehelehe i kēia iʻa e ka iʻa a hiki ke hana i nā waihona momona a nui a me ka make ʻana o nā mea. Pēlā nō, loaʻa kahi pōmaikaʻi liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā iʻa forage e like me nā guppy a i ʻole nā huelo pale liʻiliʻi. ʻAʻole kāpae kēlā ʻano hānai i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi a i ʻole nā parasites.
Hoʻohālikelike
Noho ka Stingrays i ka hapa nui o ko lākou manawa ma ka lalo. Aia ko lākou mau maka a me nā puka aniani ma luna o ke kino o luna, e ʻae ana iā lākou e kanu ʻia i ke one ke kali nei no ka meaʻai. He maka maikaʻi loa kā lākou a lele i waho o ke one e hopu i kā lākou mea pio.
ʻO nā stingray ʻē aʻe nā hoanoho maikaʻi loa no nā stingrays motoro, ʻoiai ke ʻoluʻolu maikaʻi nā severums, geophagus, metinnis, arowans a me poliphers.
Aia nā stingray ma waena o nā predators nui i nā kaiaolaola a lākou e noho nei i ke kūlohelohe a ʻaʻole palekana e mālama me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. Pono lawa ka iʻa ʻaʻole e ʻai ʻia e nā kukuna, akā maluhia hoʻi e nahu a ʻaihue paha i kā lākou meaʻai.
Kūpono loa ka iʻa wai kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe no kēia. Hōʻalo i nā iʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia (plecostomus, pterygoplicht, panaki), ʻoiai he nui nā hihia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o kēia mau iʻa i hoʻopili ʻia a hōʻino i ka ʻili o nā kukuna.
Dimorphism moekolohe
ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne a he mau aliʻi wahine ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nā litters o nā pēpē mai nā kāne ʻelua i ka manawa like. Ua hoʻololi nā kāne i nā ʻili i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻouluulu i nā wahine.
Hoʻohana hānau
Ua hiki i nā mea leʻaleʻa he nui ke hānau i nā stingrays wai hou, akā he manawa ka manawa, kahi aquarium nui a hoʻolaʻa ʻia. Hana kope ʻia nā stingrays Ocellated e ovoviviparity.
ʻO nā bea wahine mai 3 a 21 mau kānaka, i hānau kūʻokoʻa ʻia. ʻO ka hāpai ʻana he 9 a 12 mau pule. ʻO ka mea e hoʻoleʻaleʻa ai, ʻoi aku ka pōkole o kēia wā i nā stingray o nā aquarium-bred, ma muli paha o ka nui o nā meaʻai i loaʻa iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā iʻa hihiu.
Hiki i nā stingray ke koho i ka koho ʻana i kahi hoa. ʻO ke kūʻai ʻana mai i kahi mau iʻa a me ke kanu pū ʻana ʻaʻole ia e hōʻoia i ka moʻa kūleʻa.
ʻO ke ala kūpono e kiʻi ai i kahi pālua e kūʻai i kahi hui o nā ʻai, waiho iā lākou i loko o kahi aquarium nui a e koho iā lākou i kā lākou mau hoa. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku kēia i nā kumu o ka nui o nā amateurs. Eia hou, hiki ke hala i mau makahiki no ka lilo ʻana o nā kukuna i ke ʻano moekolohe.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nō hoʻi nā kāne o kēia laha i waena o nā mea ʻino loa ke ʻākoakoa lākou no ka ʻōnaehana ʻana, a ʻaʻole mākaukau paha nā wahine no ia. Inā ʻoe e mālama nei i kahi kāne a i ʻole hui paha, e nānā pono i ka hana a mākaukau e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou inā pono.
