Inā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nā kumuwaiwai koʻikoʻi, hoʻonui nui ʻia ke ola lōʻihi o ka nahesa. Hiki ke helu ʻia i ka nui o nā nāhesa e noho wale nei i nā nāhesa a me nā zoo, a ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā makahiki o ke ola o nā mea kolo manuahi.
Ehia mau makahiki e ola ai nā moʻo
Ma ka hoʻokolokolo pono ʻana, ʻo ka ʻike e pili ana i nā moʻo i hala i ka hapalua kenekulia (a ʻo ke kenekulia paha) i lilo i mea ʻole ma mua o ka wānana.
I ʻelima mau makahiki i hala aku nei, i ka 2012, ua ʻike ʻia kahi nīnau ninaninau a piha i nā kikoʻī kikoʻī me Dmitry Borisovich Vasiliev, Kauka o ka ʻEpekema ʻIkepa, alakaʻi i ka herpetologist ma ka Zoo o Moscow. Loaʻa iā ia he 70 mau hana ʻepekema a me nā monograps home mua i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana, nā maʻi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kolo, me nā moʻohe. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Vasiliev i ka makana veterinary kaulana loa ma Rūsia, ka Golden Scalpel, ʻekolu mau manawa.
Makemake ka ʻepekema i nā nahesa, āna i hoʻopaʻa ai i nā makahiki he nui. Kāhea ʻo ia iā lākou i nā māka maikaʻi loa no nā parasitologists (ma muli o ka nui o nā parasites e hōʻeha i nā moʻo), a me ka moemoeā o ke kauka a me ka moeʻuhane a ka anesthesiologist (paʻakikī ka nahesa mai ka anesthesia). Akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka loiloi ultrasound ma kahi nahesa wale nō, nona nā kino i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma kahi honu.
Wahi a Vasiliev e maʻi pinepine nā nahesa ma mua o nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, a wehewehe pū ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hāʻule ka mea mua i ke pio mai ke kūlohelohe me nā pūpū o nā maʻi parasito ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻilihune o nā holoholona o nā parasites i nā kuhukukū.
Hoihoi ia! Ma ka laulā, e like me nā nānā wā lōʻihi o ke kauka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka papa inoa o nā maʻi i nā nāhesa ma mua o nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe: ʻoi aku nā maʻi viral, nā maʻi he nui i hoʻonāukiuki ʻia e ka metabolism maikaʻi ʻole, a ʻike ʻia ka oncology he 100 mau manawa pinepine aʻe.
Kūʻē i ke kāʻei kua o kēia mau ʻike, he mea ʻē iki ke kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o nā nahesa, akā aia kekahi mau helu helu hauʻoli e pili ana i ka Zoo ʻo Moscow, kahi e ʻōlelo kūikawā ʻia ai.
ʻO nā mea hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo o ka Zoo Moscow
Haʻaheo ʻo Vasiliev i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea kolo i ʻohiʻohi a hānai ʻia ma aneʻi me kāna komo pololei ʻana (240 mau ʻano), e kāhea nei he mea nui loa ia.
I loko o ka terrarium nui o ke kapitala, ʻaʻole nui wale nā moʻo nāhesa i ʻohiʻohi ʻia: i waena o lākou he mau hiʻohiʻona laha ʻole i loaʻa ʻole i nā zoo ʻē aʻe o ka honua.... Nui nā ʻano i hānai ʻia no ka manawa mua. Wahi a ka ʻepekema, ua hiki iā ia ke kiʻi ma mua o 12 mau ʻano cobras a ʻo ke krait poʻo ʻulaʻula hoʻi, kahi mea kolo i hana ʻole i nā keiki i loko o ka pio. ʻAi wale kēia mea make ʻona i nā nahesa wale, e hele ana e alualu i ka pō.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO Ludwig Trutnau, kahi herpetologist kaulana mai Kelemania mai, ua pūʻiwa ʻo ia i ka ʻike ʻana i ke krait ma ka Zoo o Moscow (ua noho kāna moʻo ma kahi o 1.5 mau makahiki a ua manaʻo ʻo ia he manawa kupaianaha ia). Ma aneʻi, wahi a Vasiliev, ke ola nei nā kraits a me ka hānau ʻana mai 1998.
Ua noho nā pythons ʻeleʻele ma ka Zoo ʻo Moscow no nā makahiki he ʻumi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loko o kahi zoo "lohi" lākou ma ka honua no hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi a me ka hapa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻo Vasiliev e hana i kahi hana hoʻomākaukau nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hele i New Guinea a noho i hoʻokahi mahina ma waena o ka poʻe Papua, ke aʻo nei i nā ʻano o nā pythons ʻeleʻele.
Noho kēia ʻano paʻakikī, ʻaneʻane relict a hoʻokaʻawale i nā mauna. Ma hope o ka hopu ʻia ʻana, maʻi ʻo ia no ka manawa lōʻihi a ʻaʻole hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i ka neʻe ʻana i ke kūlanakauhale. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo Vasiliev i kahi ʻāpana holoʻokoʻa o kāna Ph.D. thesis i ka python ʻeleʻele, e ʻimi nei i ka waiwai waiwai nui o kāna pīpī parasite. Ma hope wale nō o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā parasite āpau ma ka inoa a me ke koho ʻana o nā regimens lapaʻau i hoʻomaka ai ke aʻa o nā pythons i nā kūlana o ka Zoo ʻo Moscow.
Nahesa lōʻihi lōʻihi
Wahi a ka World Wide Web, ʻo ka nahesa kahiko loa ma ka Honua kahi boa constrictor boa maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo Popeia, nāna i hoʻopau i kāna huakaʻi honua i ka makahiki 40 mau makahiki 3 a me 14 mau lā. Ua hala ke akepaʻa lōʻihi ma ka lā 15 ʻApelila 1977 ma ka Zoo Piladelapia (Pennsylvania, USA).
ʻO kekahi aksakal o ke aupuni moʻo, he python i hoʻopili hou ʻia mai ka Pittsburgh Zoo, i make i 32 mau makahiki, ua ola he 8 mau makahiki ma lalo o Popeya. I loko o ka zoo o Wakinekona, hānai lākou i ko lākou ake-lōʻihi, kahi anaconda, i hala a 28 mau makahiki. I ka makahiki 1958, ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike e pili ana i ka ululā i noho pio ai no 24 mau makahiki.
I kāna kamaʻilio ʻana e pili ana i nā loina laulā o ka lōʻihi o ka nahesa, koi ikaika nā herpetologists ʻaʻole ia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka mea kolo e like me kona nui. No laila, ke ola nei nā mea kolo nui, e like me nā pythons, ma ka awelika no 25-30 mau makahiki, a ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi, e like me nā nahesa, ua hapalua ia. Akā ʻo kēlā ʻano mea ke ola, ʻaʻole naʻe ka nui, akā kū i ke ʻano o nā hoʻokoe.
Hoʻopiha ka noho ʻana i ka nāhelehele me nā mea weliweli he nui: nā pōpilikia kūlohelohe, nā maʻi a me nā ʻenemi (hedgehogs, caimans, nā manu lele, puaʻa ʻāhiu, mongooses a me nā mea hou aku). ʻO kekahi mea ʻē aʻe o nā mālama kūlohelohe a me nā pāka, kahi e nānā a nānā ʻia ai nā mea kolo, e hāʻawi ana i nā meaʻai a me nā lawelawe kauka, e hana ana i kahi aniau kūpono a pale iā lākou mai nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe.
Hana maikaʻi nā kolo i nā terrarium ponoʻī inā ʻike kā lākou mau mea pehea e mālama ai i nā moʻo.
No ke aha e ola ʻole ʻole ai nā nahesa
Ua mālama ʻia kekahi mau ʻano haʻawina e hōʻike ana, eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki 70 o ke kenekulia i hala, i hoʻopaʻa ai i kahi ola pōkole loa o nā nahesa ma nā kahu hānai maikaʻi loa o ka honua.
ʻO ka parasitologist Soviet ʻo Fyodor Talyzin (ka mea nāna i aʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā waiwai o ka wai ʻawa nahesa), i ʻōlelo ʻoiai me kahi hīnaʻi hāmama, ʻaʻole mau nā mea kolo i ʻeono mau mahina. Ua manaʻo ka ʻepekema ʻo ke kumu hoʻoholo i ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i ke ola ke koho ʻana o ka lāʻau make: nā nahesa i hana ʻole i kēia kaʻina hana.
No laila, i ka nursery Butantan (Sao Paulo), noho nā rattlesnakes no 3 mau mahina wale nō, a i ka serpentarium o ka Pae ʻāina Pilipino (no ka keʻena hoʻokolohua o nā serum a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau) - ma lalo o 5 mau mahina. Eia kekahi, ua noho kēlā me kēia kanaka mai ka hui hoʻomalu no 149 mau lā, kahi i lawe ʻole ʻia ai ka lāʻau make.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, ua komo nā cobras 2075 i nā hoʻokolohua, a i nā hui ʻē aʻe (me nā alapine like ʻole o ke koho ʻana o ka lāki), ʻokoʻa nā helu helu.
- i ka mua, kahi i lawe ʻia ai ka lāʻau make i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule - 48 mau lā;
- i ka lua, kahi a lākou i lawe ai i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua - 70 lā;
- i ke kolu, kahi a lākou i lawe ai i kēlā me kēia ʻekolu pule - 89 mau lā.
Ua maopopo ka mea kākau o ka noi haole (e like me Talyzin) ua make nā cobras ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka hana uila. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, ua mōakāka ka make ʻole ʻana o nā nahesa ma ka serpentarium Pilipino no ka makaʻu a no ka pōloli a me nā maʻi.
Hoihoi ia! A hiki i ka waena o 70, ʻaʻole mālama nui nā kahu hānai haole i ka hoʻokolohua, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia no kā lākou mālama ʻana, akā no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau make. Ua like nā Serpentarios me nā pahu wai mālama: nui nā nāhesa ma nā latitude tropical, a me nā lāʻau make i loko o nā hale hana i ninini ʻia i kahi kahawai.
I ka makahiki 1963 wale nō ma Bhutantan (ka serpentarium mua loa ma ka honua) he mau lumi anuanu no nā moʻo nahesa.
Ua hōʻiliʻili nā ʻepekema kūloko i ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ke ola i ka pio ʻana o Gyurza, Shitomordnik a me Efy (no ka manawa 1961-1966). Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa - ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou lawe ʻana i ka mea make, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka noho ʻana o nā moʻo..
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo nā mea liʻiliʻi (a hiki i 500 mm) a me nā mea nui (ʻoi aku ma mua o 1400 mm) ʻaʻole i ʻae maikaʻi. Ma ka awelika, ua noho pio ʻo gyurzas no 8.8 mau mahina, a ua hōʻike ʻia ka lōʻihi o ke ola e nā nahesa me ka nui o 1100-1400 mm, i wehewehe ʻia e nā mālama nui o ka momona ke komo lākou i ka nursery.
Mea nui! ʻO ka hopena i loaʻa i nā ʻepekema: ʻo ke ola o kahi nahesa i kahi kula hānai e hoʻoholo ʻia e nā kūlana o ka mālama ʻana, ka wahine, ka nui a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka momona o ka mea kolo.
ʻO Sandy Efa. ʻO kā lākou awelika ola i loko o ka nahesa he 6.5 mau mahina, a ma kahi o 10% o nā mea kolo i ola i hoʻokahi makahiki. ʻO ka lōʻihi lōʻihi i ka honua he f-hole 40-60 cm ka lōʻihi, a me nā wahine.
