ʻO Rook (Corvus frugilegus) kahi manu e pālahalaha nui ma Eurasia. ʻO nā Lunamakaʻāinana o kēia laha i ka ʻaoʻao Sparrow-like, ka ʻohana Vranovye a me ka genus Crow.
Hōʻike Rook
ʻO ka lōʻihi o kahi manu makua ma waena o 45-47 cm... ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka ʻēheu ma kahi o 28-34 cm, a ʻo ka nuku mānoanoa he 5.4-6.3 knm. Loaʻa nā ʻelele āpau o ka ʻohana Corvaceae a me ka genes Crows i nā hulu ʻeleʻele me kahi ʻano lilelile ʻokoʻa loa. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui o nā manu mākua ke kumu o ka nuku. He hulu manu ʻōpiopio i ke kumu peri-nuku, akā i ko lākou oʻo ʻana, nalo loa akula ia.
Helehelena
Hiki i ke kaumaha o kahi manu makua nui a hiki i 600-700 g. ʻO ka plumage nui o ka rook ʻeleʻele i ke kala, me ka ʻole o ka puʻupuʻu, akā me ke alo o kahi metallic greenish sheen. ʻAneʻane hulu nā hulu āpau ma ke kino o ka rook me ka aneane pau ʻole o ka fluff. ʻO nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pōkole" ma nā wāwae ka nui o lalo. ʻO kēia ʻano uhi e maʻalahi ai ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka rook mai nā ʻalalā a me nā jackdaws, nona nā wāwae he ʻōlohelohe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me ka moa, kahi i like ai ka nui o nā rooks āpau, like ka ʻelele o kēia laha i kahi ʻili nui a i ʻole ka ulu hina e pili ana i ka nuku.
ʻO ka hulu lele o nā ʻelele āpau o ke kauoha Passeriformes a me ka ʻohana Corvia he paʻakikī a ikaika loa hoʻi ia, me kahi kapa komo a hollow i loko o ke kahawai i aneane hiki i ka piko. He ʻano maʻamau kā ka hulu Rook no nā makahiki he haneli, mahalo ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia ai lākou ma ke ʻano he pono no ke kākau lima ʻana. Ua ʻoki pono ʻia ka piko o ua peni lā i ka obliquely, a laila ʻānai ʻia i loko o kahi hue inika.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe hapa ʻana me ka nalo ʻana o nā hulu liʻiliʻi i nā ʻōpio i kū mai Iulai a Kepakemapa, a hele pū ʻia me ka mānoanoa o ka ʻili a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi o ka papillae hulu. Holomua ka nalowale hulu me ka makahiki i nā rooks, a kū ka molt o nā mākua i ka pōʻai makahiki piha.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Ma ka mokuna o ʻEulopa Komohana, he noho maʻa mau nā rook, a i kekahi manawa he mau manu neʻe. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ka mahele hāʻawi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā rook ma ke ʻano he manu pūnana a neʻe paha, a ma ka latitu hema he manu noho maʻamau lākou. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā lunamakaʻāinana āpau e like me nā manu maha ʻole a walaʻau hoʻi, ʻo ka neʻe ʻana o nā kolone kahi kokoke i kahi e noho ai ke kanaka i kumu no ka nui o nā pilikia, i wehewehe ʻia e ka ʻū ʻana a me ka walaʻau mau.
I loko o nā hoʻokolohua ʻepekema i hoʻokō ʻia e nā loea ma ke Kulanui o Cambridge ma ʻEnelani, ua hoʻokumu paʻa ʻia ka mākaukau loa o ka rook i ka hana ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hana maʻalahi me ka nuku, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa ʻo ia mau hana i nā chimpanzees, e hoʻohana nei i nā lālā i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia no kēia mau kumuhana. He manu hui nā Rooks e noho ʻole i ka pālua a i ʻole hoʻokahi wale nō, akā hoʻohui pono ʻia i nā kolone nui.
Ehia mau rooka e noho nei
I ka ʻike ʻana o nā ʻepekema haole a kūloko hoʻi e ʻike, hiki i nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Passeriformes a me ka ʻohana Corvidae ke ola a hiki i nā makahiki he iwakālua, akā hoʻopaʻapaʻa kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi e hiki nō ke loaʻa kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka laha ma mua o ka hapalua haneli.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he nui nā manu o kēia laha e make pinepine i nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū a me nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i nā makahiki ʻekolu. No laila, e like me ka hana maʻamau o nā nānā wā lōʻihi e hōʻike ana, i nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ʻo ka awelika o ke ola o kahi rook ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku i ke kūlana ʻelima a ʻeono mau makahiki..
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Ma nā panalāʻau o ʻEulopa, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka rook i hōʻike ʻia e ʻIlelani, Skotlandia a me ʻEnelani, ka Orkney a me Hebides, a me Romania. I nā ʻāina Scandinavian, ʻo nā ʻelele o nā lāhui nui i hānau pinepine ʻia ma Nolewai a me Suedena. Noho ka heluna nui o ka lehulehu i ka panalāʻau o Iapana a me Korea, Manchuria, komohana a me ka ʻākau o Kina, a ʻo Mongolia ʻākau hoʻi.
I ka hoʻoilo, ʻano maʻamau nā manu o kēia ʻano i nā ʻāina kokoke i ke Kaiwaenahonua a i ʻole Algeria, ma ka ʻākau o ʻAigupita, ma ka Peninsula ʻo Sinai, ma ʻAsia a me Palesetina, ma ka Crimea a me Transcaucasia, a lele i kekahi manawa i Lapland. Wale me ka hoʻomaka o ka lau o ka wā e hōʻike ai kekahi mau lālā o nā laha i kekahi manawa i ka tundan Timan.
ʻIke ʻia nā hiamoe i nā māla a me nā pāka, ma waena o nā hui o nā kumulāʻau i heleleʻi ʻia i ka ʻāina moʻomeheu, i nā wahi nahele, nā ululāʻau a me nā lawaiʻa ʻoihana. ʻO ia mau manu no ka pūnana ʻana makemake i nā wahi o waho o ka ululāʻau me nā mea kanu lāʻau a me nā wahi no ka hoʻoinu piha ʻana, i hōʻike ʻia e nā muliwai, nā loko a me nā loko. ʻO nā wahi moʻomeheu a me nā wahi ʻāpana he nui i ka biotope hānai o nā rooks. No ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia mau manu, ma ke ʻano he rula, koho i nā ʻūhā a me nā awāwa, nā ʻāina mahi a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole i uhi ʻia e ka hau hohonu.
Meaʻai Rook
ʻO ka waihona meaʻai maʻamau no nā rooks he ʻano laulā o nā mea kolo, a me ko lākou pae larval. ʻAi pū nā lunamakaʻāinana o ke kauoha Passeriformes a me ka ʻohana Corvidae me ka leʻaleʻa ma nā ʻiole e like me ka iole, ka palaoa a me nā mea kanu māla, a me kekahi mauʻu mauʻu. ʻO nā meaʻai hulu o nā holoholona, me nā ʻelima nunui e like me nā ʻūhini a me nā ʻūhini, ka mea nui i ke aupuni hānai maʻamau.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia nā pōmaikaʻi o nā rooks i ka mahiʻai a me nā ululāʻau, no ka luku loa ʻana o:
- ʻO nā nalo meli a me kā lākou larvae;
- honu-honu;
- kuzek - nā mea ʻino o nā mea kanu palaoa;
- puna scoop;
- ʻenuhe o ka pulelehua;
- weevil beet;
- wireworms;
- ʻūlū liʻiliʻi.
Mea nui! He kūlana koʻikoʻi nā Lunamakaʻāinana o ka Rook species i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka foci kūloko a me ka nui, i ʻike ʻia e ka hoʻoulu nui ʻana o nā mea ʻinoʻino, e like me ka pine silkworm, filly a me ka weevil beet.
ʻO ka poʻe lunamakaʻāinana o ka ʻohana Corvaceae a me ka genus Crow e ʻoluʻolu e ʻeli me ko lākou nīoi i hoʻomohala maikaʻi ʻia a lawa ka lōʻihi i ka honua, kahi maʻalahi e loaʻa nā ʻenekini a me nā ilo. Hahai pinepine nā Rooks i ka palau ʻana i nā tractors a i ʻole hoʻohui ʻia, e ʻohiʻohi ʻoki ʻana i nā larvae āpau a me nā mea kolo i hoʻohuli ʻia mai ka lepo. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka ʻohi ʻana o nā mea kolo weliweli ma luna o ka ʻili lāʻau, nā lālā a me nā lau o nā ʻano mea kanu like ʻole.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Ma ke ʻano he manu kula maʻamau nā Rooks, no laila noho lākou i nā kolone ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau nunui a kiʻekiʻe e kokoke ana i nā wahi noho, e like me nā fork o nā alanui kahiko. Ma ke ʻano he, hoʻolele ka manu i mau pūnana kūnewa a kakini i ka manawa hoʻokahi ma ke kalaunu o hoʻokahi kumulāʻau, i hoʻohana ʻia no nā makahiki he nui.... Hōʻike maʻamau ʻia ka pūnana e nā lālā o nā nui like ʻole a laina ʻia me ka mauʻu maloʻo a i ʻole ka lauoho holoholona. Hiki i nā rooks ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōpala āpau mai nā ʻōpala o ke kūlanakauhale e kūkulu i kahi pūnana.
Noho pū nā kāne huluhulu no ke koena o ko lākou ola, no laila he manu kuʻuna nā monokamous. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i hoʻokahi mau hua i hoʻokahi manawa i ka makahiki, i ka nui o ʻekolu a ʻehiku mau hua. Aia kekahi mau hihia i ʻike ʻia o ka hānau ʻana e kahi wahine o nā keiki ʻelua i loko o hoʻokahi makahiki. Nui ka nui o nā hua moa, e hiki ana i 2.5-3.0 knm ke anawaena. ʻO ka waihoʻoluʻu o ka pūpū he bluish, akā i kekahi manawa he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kiko ʻalani. ʻO ka manawa incubation ma ka awelika iwakālua mau lā, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o nā keiki.
Hoihoi ia! I ke kaʻina o nā pāʻani moena, lawe mai nā kāne i mau makana ʻai hiki ʻole i nā wahine i wae ʻia, a ma hope a laila aia lākou ma kahi kokoke a hoʻomaopopo i nā wahi a puni me ka uē nui.
Mālama nui nā Rooks i kā lākou pēpē ʻaʻole wale i nā lā mua o ke ola, akā ma hope hoʻi o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka pūnana. Lele mai nā ʻohana o ka ʻohana Corvia mai ka pūnana wale nō i ka makahiki hoʻokahi, no laila e ʻike ʻia ka lele mua ʻana o ka poʻe ʻōpio mai Mei a Iune. Makemake nā keiki ulu ma hope o ka hoʻoilo e hoʻi i kā lākou pūnana manu.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I kekahi mau wahi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā rooks i nā mea kanu o ka kulina a i ʻole nā mea mahiʻai ʻē aʻe, ʻeli ʻia nā wana ʻōpio a luku ʻia ka palaoa hua, no laila ua luku pinepine ʻia kēlā mau manu e nā pahele a kī ʻia paha i hope. Ma muli o ka nui o lākou, ʻaʻole lilo nā mākua i mau manu lele a i holoholona paha.
E hoihoi pū kekahi:
- Raven
- Merlin
- Falcon
- Aeto gula
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Ma nā panalāʻau o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka laulaha, no nā manu maʻamau nā rooks, a ma ka ʻāpana Asia, he kakaʻikahi ka mahele ʻana o nā lunamakaʻāinana o kēia ʻano, no laila ua kaulike ka nui o kā lākou helu. ʻOiai ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa, he sporadic ka helu o nā rooks, kahi no ka pono e hoʻohana i nā kumulāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa no ka pūnana. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kūlana mālama i hoʻokumu ʻia o nā rooks i kēia lā ʻo Least Concern.
