ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻole a huikau paha iā ia me haʻi. ʻIke ʻia ke giraffe mai kahi lōʻihi - kahi kino i ʻike ʻia, kahi poʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻāʻī elongated lōʻihi a me nā wāwae ikaika lōʻihi.
Hōʻike o ka giraffe
Hoʻomaopopo kūpono ʻia ʻo Giraffa camelopardalis ma ke ʻano he kiʻekiʻe loa o nā holoholona o kēia au... Ke ulu nei nā kāne ma ke kino he 900-1200 kg a hiki i ka 5.5-6.1 m, kahi ma kahi o ka hapakolu o ka lōʻihi e hāʻule ana ma ka ʻāʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi he 7 cervical vertebrae (e like me ka hapanui o nā mammal). I nā wahine, ʻoi iki ke kiʻekiʻe / kaumaha.
Helehelena
Ua hōʻike ka giraffe i ka mea pohihihi nui loa i nā physiologists, ka mea i kānalua no ka pehea o kona kūleʻa ʻana me nā mea nui ke hāpai / hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kona poʻo. Aia ka puʻuwai o kahi pilikua 3 m ma lalo o ke poʻo a me 2 m ma luna o nā kuʻi. No laila, pehu kona mau lālā (ma lalo o ke kaomi o ke kolamu koko), ʻaʻole ia he mea maoli, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi hana maʻalea e hāʻawi i ke koko i ka lolo.
- He ālai kolo ko ka ʻāʻī nui nui: ʻoki lākou i ke kahe o ke koko e mālama i ke kaomi i ke aʻa waena i ka lolo.
- ʻAʻole hoʻoweliweli ke poʻo o ke poʻo i ka giraffe me ka make, ʻoiai ka mānoanoa o kona koko (ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hunaʻi ʻulaʻula he ʻelua ka nui o nā hunaʻi koko kanaka).
- He naʻau 12-kilogram mana ka giraffe: paila ia i 60 mau lita o ke koko i kēlā me kēia minuke a hana i nā kaomi he 3 mau manawa ma mua o nā kānaka.
Hoʻonani ʻia ke poʻo o kahi holoholona puʻupuʻu me nā ossicons - he pālua (i kekahi manawa he 2 pālua) o nā pepeiaohao i uhi ʻia me ka hulu. ʻO ka manawa pinepine kahi ulu iwi i waenakonu o ka lae, e like me kekahi pepeiaohao. He pepeiao pepeiao maikaʻi ko ka giraffe a me nā maka ʻeleʻele e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā maka maka mānoanoa.
Hoihoi ia! He mea hana kupaianaha kā nā holoholona me kahi alelo poni palupalu 46 cm ka lōʻihi. Ulu nā lauoho ma nā lehelehe, hāʻawi i ka ʻike i ka lolo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ke oʻo o nā lau a me ke kū o nā kākalaioa.
Hoʻopili ʻia nā kihi o loko o nā lehelehe me nā nipples e paʻa ana i ka mea kanu ma lalo o nā incisors lalo. Hele ka elelo i ke kākalaioa, pelu i loko o kahi uka a wahī a puni ka lālā me nā lau ʻōpio, e huki ana iā lākou i ka lehelehe luna. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kiko ma ke kino o ke kaona e pale iā ia ma waena o nā kumulāʻau, e hoʻohālike ana i ka pāʻani o ke kukui a me ke aka i nā kalaunu. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ke kino ka māmā a ʻaʻohe o nā kiko. Aia ke kala o nā zira i nā wahi e noho ai nā holoholona.
Ka nohona a me ka lawena
He maka maikaʻi loa ko kēia mau holoholona puʻupuʻu pūlima, a ʻala a lohe hoʻi, i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ulu fenomenal - nā mea āpau i ka hōʻuluʻulu e ʻae koke i ka ʻenemi a hāhai i kā lākou mau hoa ma kahi mamao a 1 km. Hānai nā giraffes i ke kakahiaka a ma hope o ka siesta, kahi a lākou e moe ai i ka hapalua o ka hiamoe, e peʻe ana i ka malu o nā acacias a me ka chewing gum. I loko o kēia mau hola, ua pani paʻa ʻia ko lākou mau maka, akā ke neʻe mau nei ko lākou mau pepeiao. He hiamoe hohonu, ʻoiai (20 min) hiki mai ka hiamoe iā lākou i ka pō: e ala aʻe nā pilikua a moe hou paha i ka honua.
Hoihoi ia! Moe lākou i lalo, ʻohiʻohi i hoʻokahi i hope a me nā wāwae mua ʻelua. Huki ke giraffe i ka wāwae hope ʻē aʻe i ka ʻaoʻao (e ala koke i ka manawa o ka weliweli) a kau i kona poʻo ma luna ona lilo ka ʻāʻī i pio.
Noho maʻamau nā wahine makua me nā keiki a me nā holoholona ʻōpio i nā hui a 20 mau kānaka, e pālahalaha ana i ka wā e ʻai ai i ka nahele a hui pū i nā wahi ākea. ʻO kahi pilina paʻa ʻole e waiho wale ʻia me nā makuahine me nā pēpē: ʻo ke koena e haʻalele i ka hui, a laila hoʻi.
ʻO ka nui o nā meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaiāulu: i ka wā ua, ua komo he 10-15 mau kānaka, a i ka wā maloʻo, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻelima. Neʻe nui nā holoholona i ka amble - kahi ʻāpana maʻalahi, kahi i hoʻopili ʻelua i nā wāwae ʻākau, a laila nā wāwae hema ʻelua. Hoʻololi kekahi nā giraffes i kā lākou kaila, hoʻololi i kahi canter lohi, akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke ʻano o ka hele ma mua o 2-3 mau minuke.
Hele pū nā lele lele me nā ʻūlou hohonu a me nā kūlou. ʻO kēia ke kumu o ka neʻe ʻana i ke kikowaena o ka umekaumaha, kahi i koi ʻia ai ka giraffe e hoʻolei i kona ʻāʻī / poʻo i mea e hāpai like ai i kona mau wāwae mua mai ka honua. ʻOiai kahi holo ʻino, hoʻomohala ka holoholona i kahi wikiwiki maikaʻi (ma kahi o 50 km / h) a hiki ke lele i luna o nā ālai a piʻi i 1.85 m kiʻekiʻe.
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā giraffes?
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ola kēia mau colossi ma lalo o ka hapahā o ke kenekulia, i nā zoo - a i 30-35 mau makahiki... Ua ʻike ʻia nā kauā ʻāʻī lōʻihi lōʻihi ma nā māla zoological o ʻAigupita a me Roma ma kahi o 1500 BC. Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa (Palani, Pelekane Nui a me Kelemania), hiki wale nā ziraff i nā 20 wale nō o ke kenekulia i hala.
Lawe ʻia lākou e nā moku holo moana, a laila alakaʻi wale ʻia lākou i uka, e waiho ana i nā kāmaʻa kāmaʻa ma nā ʻāpana (i ʻole lākou e weluwelu), a e uhi ana iā lākou me nā kapa huluhulu. I kēia lā, ua aʻo nā giraffes i ka hānau i ka pio a mālama ʻia i nā zoo ʻike like ʻole.
Mea nui! Ma mua, ua maopopo i nā zoologists ʻaʻole "ʻōlelo" nā giraffes, akā ma hope ua ʻike ʻia he lako leo leo maikaʻi kā lākou, no ka hoʻolele leo ʻana i nā hōʻailona kani like ʻole.
No laila, hana nā keiki makaʻu i nā leo lahilahi a maʻalahi me ka wehe ʻole o ko lākou lehelehe. ʻO nā kāne makua piha i hiki i ka piko o ka pīhoihoi e uwo nui. Hoʻohui hou, i ka wā e pīhoihoi nui ai ʻole i ka wā o ka hakakā, e namunamu a kūmū paha nā kāne. Me kahi hoʻoweliweli kūwaho, hū nā holoholona, hoʻokuʻu i ka ea ma o ko lākou mau puka ihu.
ʻO nā lālā Giraffe
ʻOkoʻa kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i nā nuances kala a me nā wahi o ka noho mau. Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa nui ʻana, hiki i ka biologists ka hopena e pili ana i ke ola o 9 mau mea ʻohana, ma waena o kahi e hiki ai ke hele i kekahi manawa.
Nā ʻāpana hou o nā giraffe (me nā wahi ākea):
- ʻO nā giraffe Angolan - Botswana a me Namibia;
- ʻo ka giraffe Kordofan - Lepupalika ʻApelika Waena a me Sudan komohana;
- ʻO kā Thornycroft giraffe - ʻo Zambia;
- Giraffe ʻApelika Komohana - i kēia manawa wale nō ma Chad (ma mua o ʻApelika Komohana a pau);
- Masai giraffe - Tanzania a me ka hema o Kenya;
- Nubian giraffe - komohana ʻAitiopa a me Sudan hikina;
- Giraffe hou - Somalia hema a me Kenya ʻākau
- Giraffe Rothschild (Ugandan giraffe) - Uganda;
- ʻO nā giraffe ʻApelika Hema - ʻApelika Hema, Mozambique a me Zimbabwe.
Hoihoi ia! ʻOiai i waena o nā holoholona e pili ana i nā ʻāpana like, ʻaʻohe ʻelua giraffes like loa. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻike ʻia ma ka hulu hipa e like me nā manamana lima a he kū hoʻokahi.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
No ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻōpala, pono ʻoe e hele i ʻApelika... Noho nā holoholona i kēia manawa nā savannas a me nā ululāʻau maloʻo o South / East Africa, hema a me ka hema-hikina o ka Sahara. ʻO nā ʻōpala i noho i nā panalāʻau ma ka ʻākau o ka Sahara i hoʻopau ʻia i ka wā ma mua loa: ua noho ka heluna kanaka hope loa ma ke kahakai Kaiwaenahonua a me ka Nta Delta i ka wā o ʻAigupita Kahiko. I ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻopili ka pae i nā mea hou aku, a ʻo ka lehulehu o nā giraffes i kēia lā e noho wale nei i nā mālama.
Kaʻaiʻai giraffe
ʻO ka ʻai a kahi giraffe i kēlā me kēia lā he 12-14 mau hola i ka nui (ma ka wanaʻao a me ke ahiahi. ʻO kahi mea leʻaleʻa punahele ʻo ia nā acacias, e ulu nei ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka moku ʻApelika. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano o ke akasia, ʻo ka papa kuhikuhi kahi 40 a 60 mau ʻano o nā mea ulu lāʻau, a me nā mauʻu ʻōpio kiʻekiʻe e kupu kolohe ma hope o ka ua. I kahi maloʻo, hoʻololi nā giraffes i ka meaʻai hoʻoliʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, e hoʻomaka ana e ʻohi i nā hua acacia maloʻo, nā lau i hāʻule a me nā lau paʻakikī o nā mea kanu e hoʻomanawanui i ka nele o ka wai.
E like me nā ruminants ʻē aʻe, ʻoki hou ka giraffe i ka nui o nā mea kanu i hiki ai ke omo wikiwiki i ka ʻōpū. Hāʻawi ʻia kēia mau holoholona puʻupuʻu me kahi waiwai hoihoi - nau lākou me ka hooki ʻole i kā lākou neʻe, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka manawa hānai.
Hoihoi ia! Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā zirewa ma ke ʻano he "pluckers" no ka mea ʻohi lākou i nā pua, nā ʻōpiopio a me nā lau o nā kumulāʻau / nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 6 mau mika.
Manaʻo ʻia i ka nui o ka nui (ke kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaumaha), ʻai haʻahaʻa ke giraffe. ʻAi nā kāne ma kahi o 66 kg o nā greens hou i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻoiai e ʻai nā wahine i ka liʻiliʻi, a 58 kg. I kekahi mau wahi, nā holoholona, e hana ana no ka nele o nā mea minamina, komo i ka honua. Hiki i kēia mau artiodactyls ke hana me ka ʻole o ka wai: komo ia i ko lākou kino mai ka meaʻai, ʻo 70% ka wai. Eia nō naʻe, ke hele nei i waho i nā pūnāwai me ka wai maʻemaʻe, inu nā giraffes me ka leʻaleʻa.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke ʻano, he mau ʻenemi kēia mau pilikua. ʻAʻole ʻaʻa ka poʻe āpau e hoʻouka i kēlā kolossus, a i ka ʻeha hoʻi i nā ʻūlū mua ikaika, kakaikahi e makemake ana. Hoʻokahi kī pololei - a ua māhele ka iwi poʻo o ka ʻenemi. Akā hōʻeha i ka poʻe mākua a ʻo nā ʻōpio ʻōpio hoʻi. Aia ka papa inoa o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe me nā mea ʻino e like me:
- liona;
- hyenas;
- nā leopadi;
- ʻīlio hyena.
ʻO nā mea ʻike maka maka i kipa aku i ka Etosha Nature Reserve ma ka ʻākau o Namibia i wehewehe i ka lele ʻana o nā liona i kahi giraffe a hoʻomake i kona ʻāʻī.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Mākaukau nā giraffes no ke aloha i kēlā me kēia manawa o ka makahiki, inā, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua komo lākou i ka wā hānau keiki. No kahi wahine, 5 mau makahiki kēia ke hānau ʻo ia i kāna keiki mua.... Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, mālama ʻia ka momona a hiki i 20 mau makahiki, e lawe ana i nā keiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki a me ka hapalua. I nā kāne, wehe ʻia nā hiki ke hānau hou ma hope, akā ʻaʻole hiki i nā poʻe oʻo āpau ke komo i ke kino o ka wahine: ʻae ʻia ka mea ikaika a ʻoi ka nui.
Hoihoi ia! Noho pinepine kahi kāne makua moekolohe i ke kūlana o kahi loner, e hele ana a 20 km i kēlā me kēia lā me ka lana o ka manaʻo e loaʻa kahi hoa, kahi a ke kāne alpha i nā ala āpau e pale ai. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae iā ia e hoʻokokoke i kāna wahine, e hui pū ana, inā pono, i ke kaua, kahi e lilo ai ka ʻāʻī i mea kaua nui.
Ke hakakā nei ʻo Giraffes me ko lākou mau poʻo, ke kuhikuhi nei i nā pā i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻenemi. ʻO ke kua o ka poʻe i pio, alualu ʻia e ka mea lanakila: kipaku ʻo ia i ka ʻenemi i mau mika, a laila kū'ū i kahi kiʻi lanakila, hāpai ʻia kāna huelo i luna. Nānā nā kāne i nā kāne āpau, e honi ana iā lākou e mākaukau no ka moekolohe. He 15 mau mahina ke halihali ʻia ʻana, a ma hope o ka hānau ʻia ʻana o hoʻokahi cubita ʻelua mika (ʻano liʻiliʻi loa i ʻelua).
I ka wā hānau hānau, pili ka wahine i ka hui, peʻe ma hope o nā kumulāʻau. Hele pū mai ka ʻōpū o ka makuahine me kahi koʻikoʻi - hāʻule kahi hānau hou he 70 kilokika i ka honua mai kahi kiʻekiʻe 2-mika, ʻoiai hānau ka makuahine iā ia e kū ana. He mau minuke ma hope o ka pae ʻana, ua kū ka pēpē i kona wāwae a ma hope o 30 mau minuke inu mua i ka waiū umauma. I hoʻokahi pule ma hope ua holo ʻo ia a lele, i 2 mau pule ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e nau i nā mea kanu, akā ʻaʻole ia e hōʻole i ka waiū a hoʻokahi makahiki. Ma nā mahina 16, haʻalele ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i ka makuahine.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
ʻO ka giraffe ka mea ola o ka savannah ʻApelika, maluhia ʻo ia a hui maikaʻi me nā poʻe... Ua ʻimi nā ʻōiwi i nā holoholona kīkoa ʻole ʻia me ka nui ʻole o ka ardor, akā ua hoʻokahuli lākou i ka holoholona, ua hoʻohana lākou i nā ʻāpana āpau. Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻiʻo e like me ka meaʻai, nā kaula no nā mea kani i hana ʻia mai nā tendon, ua hana ʻia nā pale pale i nā ʻili, ua hana ʻia nā palapū i ka lauoho, a ua hana ʻia nā kūpeʻe lima nani i ka huelo.
Noho ʻo Giraffes ma kahi o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa a hiki i ka wā i kū mai ai ka poʻe keʻokeʻo ma ʻApelika. Ua kī ka poʻe ʻEulopa mua i nā giraffes no ko lākou ʻili maikaʻi loa, kahi i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka ʻili no nā kāʻei, nā kaʻa a me nā huipa.
Hoihoi ia! I kēia lā, ua hāʻawi ʻia ke giraffe i ke kūlana IUCN (LC) - ke ʻano o ka hopohopo liʻiliʻi. I kēia mahele, aia ʻo ia ma nā ʻaoʻao o ka International Red Book.
Ma hope, ua lilo ka hopu holoholona i barbarism maoli - hoʻopau nā mea noho ʻEulopa waiwai i nā giraffes no kā lākou leʻaleʻa iho. He mau haneli o nā holoholona i luku ʻia i ka wā safari, ʻokiʻoki wale ʻana i kā lākou huelo a me nā kāʻei me he tropi lā.
ʻO ka hopena o ia mau hana hōʻino ka hōʻemi ʻana o nā holoholona i aneane hapalua. I kēia mau lā, ʻimi ʻimi ʻole ʻia nā zira, akā ʻo ko lākou heluna kanaka (ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka waena waena o ʻApelika) ke hoʻomau nei e emi no kekahi kumu ʻē aʻe - ma muli o ka luku ʻia o kā lākou wahi noho mau.
