Puaʻa (he puaʻa ʻo ia, he cleaver ʻo ia, a i ʻole puaʻa hihiu) he holoholona laha i ka ʻohana mammalian. Ma waho, like ka puaʻa hihiu me he mea lā he puaʻa lūlū maʻamau, e kau wale i ka "kapa huluhulu" bristly a mehana. ʻAʻole kēia he mea kupanaha, no ka mea ʻo ia kāna kūpuna pololei.
Ke kumu o ka laha a me ka wehewehe
Kiʻi: Boar
ʻO kahi puaʻa hihiu kahi māmela ia no ke kauoha artiodactyl, ka porcine (ʻaʻole ruminant) suborder a me ka genus boar hihiu. ʻO nā Zoologists, hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻike o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā koena o nā iwi, e noʻonoʻo i ka puaʻa hihiu he holoholona kahiko loa ia, mai ka wā kahiko. I loko o nā kenekulia o kona ola ʻana, ua kū ka boar i nā pōʻino he nui, nā loli o ke aniau, ka luku ʻia ʻana o kekahi ʻano holoholona o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu, nā makahiki hau ʻino, nā cataclysms like ʻole a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i kū me ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai nalo nā ʻano o nā mea ola mai ka maka o ka honua i kēlā wā lōʻihi a loko ʻino hoʻi, ua hiki i ka boar ke hoʻololi a ola.
Wikiō: Boar
Ua kūleʻa kēia ʻano holoholona, kūlike ʻole i ke koho ʻana o ka meaʻai, i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi anu anu ikaika a me nā hoʻokolohua kūlohelohe. ʻO nā ʻohana āpau o ke kauoha o artiodactyls, kahi i puni i ka wā o ka hānau mua, hoʻokahi wale nō i ola a hiki i kēia lā, a ua kapa ʻia ʻo "puaʻa maoli".
Loaʻa ʻelima mau moʻokūʻauhau:
- babirusse (noho ma ka mokupuni ʻo Celebes);
- warthogs (ʻApelika);
- puaʻa lauoho lōʻihi (tropical of Africa and Madagascar);
- puaʻa hihiu (ʻĀkau ʻApelika, ʻEulopa, ʻAsia).
ʻEkolu wale nō ʻano puaʻa hihiu e hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e like me nā puaʻa hihiu:
- boar maʻamau (ʻApelika ʻākau, ʻAsia, ʻEulopa);
- he puaʻa heʻumiʻumi (nā moku ʻo Java, Sumatra, Celebes, Malunsky a me Filipino);
- puaʻa dwarf (Himalayas).
He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻoiai ka paʻakikī, i kekahi manawa, nā kūlana manaʻolana ʻole o ke ola i ka wā kahiko, ʻaʻole i hoʻololi ka puaʻa i kona helehelena, i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia e nā kūlohelohe i kēlā mau lā. Hōʻike ʻia kēia e nā loaʻa o nā koena iwi, i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana hou i ke ʻano o ka holoholona. Ua hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i ka helehelena o ke kanaka a me nā hoʻololi āpau i ka honua kūwaho e pili ana i kēia hanana, ʻoiai ʻaʻole nui nā holoholona nui aʻe i kū i kēia.
ʻO ka helehelena a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Kiʻi: puaʻa hihiu
ʻOkoʻa ka helehelena o kahi puaʻa hihiu mai kahi puaʻa kūloko maʻamau i nā ʻano like ʻole, hoʻoholo kēia i nā kūlana nohona koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka puaʻa hihiu ke nānā aku ikaika loa, ikaika loa kāna kumukānāwai. Pōkole ke kino me kahi huelo liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole lōʻihi nā wāwae, ākea ka umauma, mana, a ʻikiʻoki ke pelvis. Nui ka ʻāʻī, mānoanoa a pōkole hoʻi, a ʻano poʻohiwi ke poʻo. ʻO ka ihu, e like me ko ka puaʻa home maʻamau, ma ke ʻano o ka palaki. Kuhi nā pepeiao, kūkulu pololei.
ʻO ka palule o ka puaʻa he ākea, ʻoʻoleʻa, hulu. Hele mai ia i nā kala ʻokoʻa, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka nohona o ka holoholona. ʻO ka maʻamau mai ka hina hina a i ka brownish brown. I ka hoʻoilo, lilo ia i mānoanoa, ulu ka undercoat mehana.
Aia nā ana o ke kino o ka puaʻa i ʻelua mau mika ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona ma kahi o hoʻokahi mika. ʻOkoʻa ke kaulike kaulike mai 150 a 200 kg. Aia kekahi kanaka e kaupaona ana ma kahi o ʻekolu mau kikowaena, a aia nā mea liʻiliʻi loa - 50 kg. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kāne ma mua o ka wahine.
ʻO kekahi o nā mea hoihoi i ka helehelena o ka puaʻa ka nui o nā ʻālina. I nā mākua, loaʻa iā lākou ka lōʻihi o 20 - 25 cm. ʻO nā ʻāʻī, e like me nā ʻeli ʻana ikaika, haki ka uhi honua i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a lilo i mea hana pale no ka poʻe makemake ʻole. ʻOkoʻa ka helehelena o nā puaʻa hihiu ma nā ʻano like ʻole, kaukaʻi ʻia i ko lākou wahi noho mau.
Noho ʻelima mau ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā boars hihiu ma Rūsia wale nō:
- ʻO ka boar hihiu o ʻEulopa (ma ke komohana a ma waenakonu o ka ʻāina), ʻeleʻele ka ʻili o kēia ʻano, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- boar Romanian a i ʻole Caucasian (Caucasus, Transcaucasia), ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ka Central Europe. He poʻo nui kona, ʻahu māmā;
- ʻO ka boar Asia waena (palena me Kazakhstan), nui ka holoholona, māmā ke kala o ke kapa, a ʻeleʻele nā wāwae;
- ʻO ka puaʻa Trans-Baikal (Transbaikalia, mahele ʻo Baikal), ʻeleʻele loa ke kala, ʻeleʻele, liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi;
- Ussuri boar (ʻĀpana Amur, Teritori Primorsky), he kino nui ko ka holoholona a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele ke poʻo, he keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a me nā pepeiao pokole, e kaomi ana i ke poʻo.
Ma hea ʻo ia e noho ai, no ka nānā ʻana o ka boar, hoʻokahi mea i koe mau ʻole - ʻo kēia kāna puaʻa, kahi hōʻailona o kona pili i ka suborder o ka puaʻa.
Ma hea e noho ai ka puaʻa?
Kiʻi: puaʻa hihiu i ka hoʻoilo
Ma waena o nā māmela e alakaʻi ana i kahi nohona ʻāina, ʻo nā boars hihiu ka mea ākea loa. Hiki i kēia holoholona ke hoʻonohonoho pono i nā ʻāina wela me kahi aniau tropical, a me nā ʻāina me nā aniau ʻino, anuanu hoʻi. Noho i nā deciduous, nā ululāʻau huikau a me nā conifers. I ko mākou ʻāina, aloha ka puaʻa, ʻo ka mea mua loa, nā ʻoka nui. Noho maikaʻi ka boar ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe like ʻole ma nā kuahiwi, a ʻaʻole e haʻalele i nā kula alpine. ʻAʻole aloha ka puaʻa hihiu i nā ulu lāʻau ʻoka wale nō, akā, nā ululāʻau beech hoʻi, akā me nā wahi pohopoho.
Hoʻolahalaha ʻia lākou ʻaneʻane ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa: mai ka Moana ʻAkelanika a hiki i nā Ural, ma ke Kaiwaenahonua, e like me ka ʻākau o ʻApelika, i nā steppes o Central Asia a me Eurasia. ʻO nā wahi ʻākau, kahi e noho ai ka puaʻa ma laila a hiki i 50 degere ʻākau latitu, ma ka hikina - i ka Amur a me ka Himalayas. Noho ka ʻohana boars hihiu ma Kina, Kōlea, Iāpana, a me nā ʻāina o Hikina Hema Asia. Ma waho o ka ʻāina nui, noho pū ka puaʻa hihiu ma nā mokupuni he nui.
I ke ao hou, noho nā boars hihiu i kahi liʻiliʻi loa ma mua o ka wā kahiko. I nā ʻāina he nui (ʻEnelani) ua hoʻopau loa ʻia ʻo ia. I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka heluna puaʻa hihiu, nui ka nui o kāna pae: ʻo ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina, nā mauna, ʻo Siberia hema, ʻo Caucasus. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi ʻoiai ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā boars hihiu ma ʻAmelika Hema a hiki i ka lawe ʻana o kahi kanaka iā lākou ma laila no ke ʻano o ka ʻimi holoholona. A laila noho maikaʻi lākou a noho a puni ka ʻāina nui. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo nā kūpuna maoli o ka puaʻa home maʻamau he puaʻa hihiu, nā mea maʻamau ma Mesopotamia a me ʻEulopa.
He aha ka ʻai a ka puaʻa?
Kiʻi: puaʻa hihiu i ka nahele
He ʻano koʻikoʻi ko nā Boars, makaʻu iki, hoʻokau i ka helehelena, a nui ka poʻe i manaʻo he predatory loa lākou. ʻO kēia mau holoholona holoholona he omnivores ma ke ʻano. ʻO nā mea kanu mea kanu kahi hapa nui o kā lākou papaʻai. Kaukaʻi ʻia i ka loli o ke kau, hoʻololi pū ka papaʻai o nā puaʻa hihiu. Makemake lākou i nā puaʻa me ke kōkua o kā lākou mau niho ikaika e ʻeli mai ka lepo mai nā tubers like ʻole o nā mea kanu bulbous, nā aʻa momona, nā ʻūlū like ʻole, nā larvae, nā ilo. I ke kauwela a me ke kauwela, ʻaʻole makaʻu ka puaʻa i ka ʻai ʻana i nā lau hou, nā ʻōpiopio, nā hua, a me nā hua ʻē aʻe.
Aloha ka puaʻa hihiu i nā acorn a me nā nati. Inā kokoke i nā māla i lūlū ʻia, a laila hiki iā ia ke ʻai i nā cereal (palaoa a me nā ʻoka), nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu mahiʻai ʻē aʻe. Aloha ʻo Boar i nā rana, i nā koʻokoʻo liʻiliʻi, a ʻaʻole hoʻowahāwahā i ke kino. ʻAihue i nā hua manu mai nā pūnana manu, āna i aloha nui ai.
He mea hoihoi ka ʻai ʻana o kahi holoholona makua mai 3 a 6 mau kilokika o nā meaʻai like ʻole i ka lā hoʻokahi, pili ia i kona ʻano a me ka nui. He mea nui ka wai i ka papaʻai o nā puaʻa hihiu; inu lākou i ka nui i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka ʻimi ʻana i kahi mea inu, hele mai nā boars hihiu i nā kahawai a me nā loko. Mahalo i kēia, hiki iā lākou ke hopu a ʻai i ka iʻa hou, kahi mea mālama na lākou. Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana o ka puaʻa hihiu i ka 50 pākēneka o kāna meaʻai mai ka honua, no ka mea, lawa ka ʻono o nā mea ʻai like ʻole e hānai a mālama ai i ka hana o ia holoholona nui.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ke ʻano a me ka nohona
Kiʻi: puaʻa ʻāhiu ma Lūkia
No nā puaʻa hihiu, ʻo nā wahi maikaʻi a maikaʻi loa nā kahawai a me nā wahi waiwai wai me ka ʻohe a me nā ulu lāʻau. Holo pinepine ka maka o ka puaʻa, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka pilau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hiki i ke ʻala boar ke honi i kekahi kanaka i loko o kahi radius o ʻehā haneri mika. ʻO nā ʻala ʻino a paʻakikī ʻole hoʻi no ka wahi noho o ka holoholona hiki ke hoʻoweliweli i ka holoholona.
Noho nā boars hihiu i nā holoholona holoʻokoʻa. Ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau wahine me nā keiki bipi, nā kāne ʻōpio loa. Mālama nā boars makua i ka ʻaoʻao, hoʻokahi wale nō. Hele lākou i nā holoholona wale nō i ke kau moʻo. ʻO ka boar ka mea lawe lima loa a hana i ka pō. I ka pouli, makemake ʻo ia e ʻai a ʻauʻau (ʻoiai inā i ka lepo. I ke ao, hoʻomaʻalili nā boars i nā moena ʻohe a i kahi poho, e peʻe ana i kahi ulu lāʻau.
ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo ka ʻili o nā boars hihiu ka maʻalahi o ka lā, no laila uhi lākou iā ia me kahi papa o ka lepo i ʻole e wela. Hoʻohana lākou i ka palolo ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he sunblock, akā he pale hilinaʻi hoʻi i nā nahu o nā mea kolo huhū. Aia paha he kino wai ma kahi kokoke i ka roarery boar. Hoʻāʻo ka puaʻa hihiu e noho i kahi hiki ke hiki i nā wahi noho kanaka, akā kipa ʻo ia i nā mea kanu o ka ʻoka, ka palaoa a me ke kulina a me ka hauʻoli nui.
Ma ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo, makemake ka cleaver e alakaʻi i kahi ana, noho maʻamau, waiho i kāna mau pale e ʻai wale nō. Akā i nā ʻano hanana like ʻole, hiki i ka boar ke hoʻomohala i kona wikiwiki a 45 mile i kēlā me kēia hola. Hoʻohui, ʻauʻau nui ʻo ia, e lanakila ana i kahi mamao loa. ʻO ka hoʻolohe pepeiao o ka holoholona, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea ʻoi loa, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia i ke ʻano o ka pilau. Hiki ke kuhihewa ka akahele o ka puaʻa no ka makaʻu, akā ʻaʻole kēia ma nā hihia āpau. Maʻalahi ka huhū i kahi puaʻa ahiu, a weliweli loa kahi puaʻa huhū, makaʻu a make hoʻi. ʻOiai ʻeha, e hakakā ʻo ia a hiki i ka hopena i mea e hoʻopakele ai i kāna mau keiki. Inā ʻaʻohe mea weliweli ma kahi e kokoke ana, makemake ka boar e ʻeli i kahi lua a kūpikipiki, e lului ana i loko.
ʻO ke kūkulu kaiāulu a me ka hana hou
Kiʻi: Puaʻi pēpē
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, noho nā puaʻa hihiu i nā holoholona, nona nā wahine me nā puaʻa, a hoʻi nā puaʻa makua i ka wā kau i ka wā hānau. I nā ʻāina ʻokoʻa, hoʻomaka ia i nā manawa like ʻole a ʻelua mau mahina paha ka lōʻihi. ʻIke ke kāne i kahi pipi me nā wahine, e hoʻohana ana i kāna ʻala papa mua a ma nā ala hema hoʻi. Ke pau ka moʻo ʻana, a laila hele hou ʻo ia i kahi noho mehameha. He polygamous nā boars, no laila, i ka wā rutting, he mau wahine kā lākou.
I kēia wā moekolohe, hoʻonui ka hakakā o nā kāne, no laila, make pinepine nā hakakā make ke kū mai kahi hoa paio. Hoʻokau nā kāne i nā ʻeha nui ma luna o kekahi me kā lākou nui nui. Hāʻawi ka mea nāna e hāʻawi - haʻalele i ka pua. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hānau ma nā wahine ʻo 120 a 130 mau lā. ʻIke ka wahine i ka hiki koke ʻana mai o ka hānau ʻana a haʻalele i ka pā i mua e loaʻa kahi wahi ʻoluʻolu kūpono no ka hānau ʻana o nā keiki. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna pūnana ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mauʻu maloʻo a me nā lālā palupalu ma ke ʻano he moena.
Hānau ʻia nā puaʻa i ka nui o nā ʻāpana he 5 - 15, ke kaumaha nei kēlā me kēia o lākou i kahi kilokilo. Palupalu loa ka ʻahu o ka pēpē a hoihoi i ke kala. ʻEʻeleʻele a brown ʻeleʻele paha me nā kaha keʻokeʻo ma ke kua. Hōʻalo kēia kala i ka pale a pale i nā ʻōpio mai nā holoholona predatory.
ʻO ka maʻamau aia hoʻokahi wale nō pua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Kākaʻikahi loa ka nui o lākou (ʻelua a ʻekolu paha). Hānai ka wahine i ka ʻōpio ma kahi o ʻekolu mau mahina. ʻEkolu mau pule ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, e lilo ana nā pēpē i mea ʻoi aku ka ikaika, ikaika a kūʻokoʻa hoʻi. Mālama ʻo Māmā i kāna mau puaʻa ma nā wahi āpau a ʻaʻole ʻae i kekahi e hoʻokokoke iā lākou, no laila i kēia wā ua nui kona pīhoihoi a hōʻike i ka huhū no kekahi kumu liʻiliʻi. Inā loaʻa ka makaʻu, e hakakā ʻo ia i kona hanu hope loa, e pale ana i kāna mau keiki aloha, ʻoiai e ʻae nā mākala a me nā ʻami iā ia.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe o nā puaʻa hihiu
Kiʻi: Boar
Nui nā mea weliweli a me nā ʻenemi e kali nei no nā boars. I ka nahele, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻeha ʻia e nā ʻano kakalaioa, papahele ʻoi loa, ma aneʻi, ʻo ka mea mua, ʻeha nā wāwae o ka holoholona. ʻO nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe maʻamau nā ʻīlio hae, lynxes a me nā bea hoʻi. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā Wolves ma mua o kahi puaʻa a ʻaʻohe o lākou mana, no laila e ʻimi lākou iā ia i kahi ʻeke holoʻokoʻa. I ka manawa kūpono, lele lele pololei kekahi o lākou ma ke kua o ka puaʻa, hoʻāʻo e kīkē i ka puaʻa mai kona mau wāwae, a laila hoʻouka nā ʻīlio hae ʻē aʻe iā ia, e hoʻāʻo ana e lanakila.
Hana ka lynx i mea hoʻoweliweli, no nā puaʻa ʻōpio wale nō i hiki ke neʻe mai ka ʻohana kau. Huli wale ka lynx, no laila ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pale me ka pale mākua, a ke kali nei ka ʻōpio ma hope. ʻO ka weliweli i waena o nā ʻenemi puaʻa hihiu ka bear. Inā, i nā kaua me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i ka boar kahi manawa e pakele ai a ola, a laila ʻaʻohe koho. ʻO ka nui o nā paws bear kaomi ikaika i ka puaʻa i haki kona mau iwi a make ʻo ia mai kāna mau ʻeha.
ʻOiai ʻo nā mea weliweli he nui, ʻaʻole e hāʻawi nā boars iā lākou a hiki i ka hope loa a hakakā ikaika loa no ko lākou ola. Nui ka huhū o ka mea ʻeha a huhū hoʻi, nui ka mana a me ka ikaika, no laila hiki ke hana pū me kāna poʻe makemake ʻole a noho ola.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
Kiʻi: holoholona holoholona ʻāhiu
I ko mākou ʻāina, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka heluna kanaka o nā boars hihiu, a mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 2000, ua māhuahua loa ko lākou helu ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka pilikia o nā kanaiwa kenekulia iwakālua. I ka wā hopu holoholona, loaʻa kahi lawaiʻa paʻa o nā nahu. I kekahi mau wahi, aia ka nui o nā holoholona i kekahi mau wahi, kahi e hōʻino ai i nā ululāʻau a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai.
Ke nui a lehulehu nā boars hihiu ma kahi noho, ʻaʻohe lawa nā meaʻai na lākou. I ka ʻimi ʻana iā ia, hoʻomaka lākou e ʻeli hou i ka honua ma nā wahi like, kahi e hōʻino ai i ke aʻa o nā lāʻau, a hiki i ko lākou make. Me ka hoʻonui nui loa o ka lehulehu o nā boars, hoʻopau ʻia nā māla holoʻokoʻa me nā mea kanu, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hua o kahi hua. I kēlā kūlana, ʻae ʻia ke kī ʻana ma luna o ka helu i kuhikuhi ʻia, a lawe ka poʻe ʻimi i ka hana.
ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i ka puaʻa hihiu kahi ʻoihana ʻino a me ke kuhi ʻole ʻole, no laila ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia mea hahai holoholona ke hana. He mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia he boar hōʻeha ka mea weliweli loa, holoholona huhū, e kāhili ana i nā mea āpau a me nā mea āpau i kona ala. E akahele loa ka poʻe hahai holoholona.
I nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he nui, ʻaʻole e like ka maikaʻi o ka puaʻa puaʻa me Lūkia. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻopau wale ʻia lākou me ke aloha ʻole (ʻAigupita, Pelekane Nui). Akā, eia nō naʻe, he mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo hou i kēia ʻano laha o nā holoholona i laha ākea ʻia i loko o kā mākou honua a ʻaʻole ia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli o ka make, no ka mea aʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi i ke aʻa i nā panalāʻau hou.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, makemake wau e hoʻomaopopo i ka puaʻa hihiu e lawe mai i nā pono he nui i nā wahi kahi e noho ai, ke ʻole, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻonui ʻia kona helu. ʻAi ʻo ia i nā kolo he nui e hōʻino i nā mea kanu e hōʻino i ka nahele. Āhea puaʻa ʻeli i ka honua me kāna mau huapalapala, he hopena maikaʻi kēia ma ka lepo, kahi e alakaʻi ai i ka ulu nui o nā wana a me ka mauʻu. Me kāna mau ʻāʻī, e like me ka mea mahiʻai, wehe ʻo ia iā ia, a no laila ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ka nahele.
Lā paʻi: 21.01.2019
Lā hou: 17.09.2019 ma 13:10
