Kāhea ʻia kēia koʻokoʻo ʻAmelika Hema i ka iole ulu lāʻau. ʻIke maoli ʻo Paca e like me kahi ʻiole nui, i pena ʻia e like me nā dia sika - kiko ʻia ka lauoho ʻulaʻula me nā lālani kaulike ʻole o nā kiko keʻokeʻo.
Hōʻike o ka pūʻolo
ʻO ka ʻano Cuniculus paca mai ka ʻohana Agoutiaceae ka mea hoʻokahi i loko o ka genus o ka inoa like... ʻO ka paca ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ke ono o nā koʻokoʻo nui o ka honua. I kekahi poʻe, ʻano like ia me kahi puaʻa guinea pipi, i kekahi - he lāpaki momona, ʻaole pepeiao ʻole. Wahi a nā paleogenetics, ua hōʻike ʻia nā holoholona ma hope o ka Oligocene.
Helehelena
He rodent ʻoi aku ia me ka pear e like me ka hope a me ka huelo pōkole, e ulu ana i 32-34 cm ma nā mea mae a 70-80 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole haʻi ʻia ka dimorphism moekolohe, ʻo ia ke kumu e huikau maʻalahi ai ka wahine me ke kāne. Kaupaona nā mākua he 6 a 14 kg. He pepeiao pepeiao poepoe, poepoe, maka maka ʻōlinolino, ʻano o nā ʻeke papalina agouti a me nā vibrissae lōʻihi (kahi ʻano o ka hoʻopā).
Hoihoi ia! Aia kekahi hakahaka ma ka iwi poʻo ma waena o nā pio zygomatic, ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā hes, nā wili ʻana o nā niho a i ʻole ke kani ʻana o ka pac i nā manawa he nui a me he mea lā (ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me kona ʻili) nui loa.
He hulu ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula ʻole paha ka rodent (ʻaʻohe undercoat), i hoʻonani ʻia me nā laina lōʻihi 4-7, nona nā kiko keʻokeʻo. Uhi ʻia ka ʻili o nā holoholona ʻōpio me nā unahi horny (ma kahi o 2 mm ke anawaena), e ʻae iā lākou e pale iā lākou iho i nā mea hōkai ʻuʻuku. ʻO ka forelimbs, lako pono me nā manamana ʻehā, ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā hope, me nā manamana wāwae ʻelima (ʻelua o lākou e liʻiliʻi a paʻakikī i ka honua). Hoʻohana ka paka i kona mau māiʻuʻu manoanoa a ikaika hoʻi e ʻeli i nā lua, ʻoiai e hoʻohana ana i kona mau niho ʻoi e ʻūlū i nā ala lalo hou.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO Paca kahi mea hilahila ʻole i ʻike ʻole i nā ʻuniona male a me nā hui nui. Eia nō naʻe, launa pū nā meheu o kekahi me kekahi ma kahi kaiāulu nui loa, ke hiki aku i hoʻokahi kaukani mau ʻelele o ka laha e ʻai ma kahi o 1 km². ʻAʻole hiki iā Paka ke noʻonoʻo i kona ola me ka ʻole o kahi loko wai - he kahawai, kahawai a loko wai paha. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka noho ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka wai, akā no laila ʻaʻole holoi ka wai kahe i ka lua. Ma ʻaneʻi peʻe ʻo ia mai nā ʻenemi a me nā poʻe hahai holoholona, akā i kekahi manawa ʻauʻau ma kēlā kapa o ke kahakai e hoʻohoka i nā alahele.
Mea nui! ʻEleu lākou e hana i ka wā ahiahi, i ka pō a i ke alaula, keu hoʻi i nā wahi i nui nā mea ʻino weliweli. I ka lā e hiamoe lākou i loko o nā lua a i nā lāʻau hollow paha, e peʻe ana mai ka mālamalama o ka lā.
ʻAʻole ʻeli mau ʻo Paka i kāna lua ponoʻī - noho pinepine ʻo ia i kahi mea ʻē aʻe, kūkulu ʻia i mua ona e kekahi "mea kūkulu hale." Ke ʻeli nei i kahi lua, iho ʻo ia i 3 m a hoʻomākaukau pono i nā puka komo: no ka heʻe pilikia a no ka hoʻohana maʻamau. Uhi ʻia nā puka āpau me nā lau maloo, kahi e hana ai i ʻelua mau hana - camouflage a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo mua i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻouka i ka lua mai waho.
I kā lākou neʻe ʻana i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻaʻole lākou huli iki i ke ala kuʻi ʻia, ke waiho nei i nā ala hou ke pau nā mea kahiko. Hana ʻia kēia ma hope o ka ua nui a i ʻole ka hāʻule koke ʻana o ka ʻāina. Paka māka ʻo Paka me ka mimi, a hoʻoweliweli hoʻi i ka poʻe komo hewa i kāna wahi me ka ulu ʻana o 1 kHz (hana ʻia e nā lumi ʻohe papalina).
Pehea ka lōʻihi o ko Paka ola ʻana
ʻO ka helu ola o nā laha i kuhi ʻia e nā biologists ma 80%, e kāhea nei i ka nele o ka meaʻai i ka meaʻai ka mea nui palena. Wahi a nā mea i ʻike ʻia, ua make kekahi hapa o nā holoholona mai Nowemapa a Malaki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā rodents ke hoʻolako iā lākou iho i ka meaʻai. Inā lawa ka meaʻai a ʻaʻohe mea hoʻoweliweli mai nā mea hōkai, ola ka paca ma ka nāhelehele a ma kahi o 12.5 mau makahiki.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
He kamaʻāina ʻo Paca no ʻAmelika Hema, e noho mālie nei i nā wahi tropical / subtropical o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa... Koho ka Rodents i nā ululāʻau kokoke i nā waihona wai kūlohelohe, a me nā wahi kai mangrove a me nā ululāʻau (me nā kumu wai). ʻIke ʻia ʻo Paka i nā pāka kūlanakauhale me nā kahawai a me nā loko. ʻIke ʻia nā holoholona ma nā wahi mauna ma luna o 2.5 km o ka ʻilikai a emi iki i nā kula (aia ma waena o 2,000-3,000 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai) ma ka ʻākau o Andes.
Ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻo Rodents i ke ola ʻana i nā mauʻu mauna kiʻekiʻe, nā kualono a me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻAmelika Hema ʻAmelika, kahi e nui ai nā loko kūlohelohe. ʻO kēia kaiaolaola, i kapa ʻia ʻo páramo e nā aborigines, aia ma waena o ka laina nahele kiʻekiʻe (kiʻekiʻe 3.1 km) a me ka palena o ka uhi hau paʻa (kiʻekiʻe 5 km). Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona e noho ana ma nā mauna kiʻekiʻe e kahi ʻahuʻula pouli ma mua o nā poʻe noho o ka pāpū ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma waena o 1.5 km a me 2.8 km.
Papaʻai Pak
ʻO ia kahi māmele herbivorous nona ka meaʻai e loli me nā kau. ʻO ka maʻamau, ke kikowaena o nā makemake gastronomic o paca ma kahi o kekahi mau hua hua, ʻo ka momona o ia mau mea ka lāʻau fiku (ʻoi aku, ʻo kāna hua i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka lāʻau fiku).
ʻO ka papa kuhikuhi rodent ʻo ia:
- hua manga / avocado;
- nā ʻōpuʻu a me nā lau;
- pua a me nā ʻanoʻano;
- nā mea kolo;
- ʻulā.
ʻImi ʻia ka meaʻai, me nā hua i hāʻule, i ka nāhelehele o ka ululāʻau, a nahae paha ka lepo e kiʻi i nā aʻa momona. ʻO ka pahu o ka ʻeke i loaʻa nā hua i hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea kanu.
Hoihoi ia! ʻAʻole like me ka agouti, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ka paca i kāna paws mua e paʻa i ka hua, akā hoʻohana i nā auwaha ikaika e wāwahi i nā pūpū hua paʻakikī.
ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu ʻo Paca i ka excrement, a lilo ia i kumu waiwai o ka protein digestible a me nā carbohydrates. Eia hou, he hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha kā ka holoholona e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai agouti - hiki i ka paca ke hōʻiliʻili i ka momona i mea e lilo ai i nā wā wī.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
Me kahi kahua hānai nui, hana hou ka paca i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, akā lawe pinepine i nā keiki he 1-2 mau manawa i ka makahiki... I ke kau moʻo, noho nā holoholona ma kahi o ka waihona wai. ʻO nā kāne, ke ʻike nei i kahi wahine uʻi, lele ikaika iā ia, lele pinepine i kahi mika i kahi lele. Lawe ka bearing i nā lā he 114-119, me kahi wā mawaena o nā pua o 190 mau lā. Hānau ka wahine i hoʻokahi keiki, uhi ʻia me ka lauoho a me nā maka hāmama. ʻAi ka paca i kahi koena i koe mai ka hānau hānau ʻana e hoʻopau i ka ʻaʻala ʻano hiki ke ʻumeʻume i nā mea ʻaihue.
Hoihoi ia! Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hānai ʻana, palu ka makuahine i ka hānau hou e hoʻoulu i nā ʻōpū a hoʻomaka i ka urination / defecation. Ulu wikiwiki ka cub a loaʻa ke kaupaona, e loaʻa ana ma kahi o 650-710 g i ka manawa e haʻalele ai i ka lua.
Hiki iā ia ke hahai ma hope o kona makuahine, akā me ka paʻakikī e kolo ana mai ka lua, kahi e puka ai nā ʻōpala me nā lau a me nā lālā. No ka hoʻohuli i ke keiki i ka hana, huli ka makuahine i nā kani leo haʻahaʻa, e kū ana i kahi kūlana mai ka lihi waho o ka lua.
Manaʻo ʻia ua loaʻa i ka paca ʻōpio ke kūʻokoʻa piha ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka hiki ke hoʻohua ʻaʻole ka nui o ka makahiki e like me ke kaupaona o ka ʻeke. Hana ʻia ka hānau ma hope o 6-12 mau mahina, ke loaʻa nā kāne ma kahi o 7.5 kg, a me nā wahine ma kahi o 6.5 kg.
Wahi a nā nānā a nā zoologists, ma ka ʻōlelo o ka hana hou a me ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki, kū kaʻawale ʻo Paka mai ke koena o ka ʻaʻa. Hānau ʻo Paca i hoʻokahi keiki, akā mālama nui ʻo ia iā ia ma mua o ka hanauna ʻana o nā ʻohana mamao loa no kā lākou keiki he nui.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
I ke kūlohelohe, paʻa nā rodents i nā ʻenemi lehulehu, e like me:
- ʻīlio nahele;
- ocelot;
- puma;
- margai;
- jaguar;
- caiman;
- ʻoka.
Hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Paka e nā mahiʻai ʻoiai ʻo ka rodents ke hōʻino nei i kā lākou mea kanu. Hoʻohui ʻia, lilo ka paca i māka o ka huli holoholona no ka mea no kāna ʻono momona a me nā incisors ikaika. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hope loa no nā pono āpau o ka home, me kahi mea hana no ke kīkē ʻana i nā kahawai i nā pū kī (hoʻohana ʻia e nā Indians Amazon no ka hopu holoholona).
Hoihoi ia! Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka ʻenehana noiʻi o ka Smithsonian Institute for Tropical Research (Panama) i kahi ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i kaʻiʻo pak no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i ka meaʻai haute.
Hele lākou e hopu i nā holoholona i ka pō a i ka wanaʻao, e lawe mai nei i nā ʻīlio a me nā ipukukui me lākou e ʻike i ka ʻeke e nā aniani o nā maka.... ʻO ka hana a ka ʻīlio e kipaku aku i ka rodent mai ka lua mai kahi āna e hoʻāʻo nei e peʻe. Lele i waho o ka honua, holo ka paka i kahakai i mea e wikiwiki ai i ka wai a ʻau i kēlā ʻaoʻao. Akā ke kakali nei nā mea ʻimi holoholona i nā waʻa i nā mea mahuka. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole hāʻawi pio ʻo Paka a hakakā me ka huhū, lele i luna o ka poʻe a hoʻāʻo e hōʻeha me nā incisors ʻoi loa.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana 5 o pak, ʻike ʻia e ka nohona a me waho.
- Cuniculus paca paca;
- Cuniculus paca guanta;
- Cuniculus paca mexicanae;
- Cuniculus paca nelsoni;
- Cuniculus paca virgata.
Mea nui! Wahi a nā hui kaulana, ʻaʻohe o nā ʻano o ka ʻūlū e pono ai ka pale. ʻO ka laha ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, e like me ka mea i wehewehe ʻia e ka International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, aia i ke kūlana hopohopo iki.
I kekahi mau wahi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi hōʻemi iki ʻana o ka heluna kanaka, i kumu ʻia e ka pana nui ʻana o nā holoholona a me kā lākou neʻe ʻana mai kā lākou wahi noho maʻamau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole nui ka hopena o ka hei i ka heluna kanaka, a ʻo nā rodents i ka nui e noho nui ana, ʻo nā wahi pale aku nō hoʻi.
