Nā hiʻohiʻona a me nā wahi noho
Nā meli pili i nā mea lele lele, pili loa i ka nalo a me nā naonao. Aia ma kahi o 520 genera i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia, e hoʻopili ana ma kahi o 21,000 mau ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka nui o nā ʻelala i like me nā pi.
Hoʻolahalaha nui kēia mau arthropods - loaʻa lākou ma nā ʻāina āpau, koe wale nō ka anuanu Antarctica. ʻO ka "poʻo" o ka ʻekena, ua kau ʻia ka makena me ka ʻumiʻumi, ʻoki ʻia i 13 a 12 mau ʻāpana (no nā kāne a me nā wahine,), a me kahi proboscis lōʻihi, lahilahi, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai.
Aneane pau loa ʻāʻano pi aia he 2 mau ʻēheu, akā, aia kekahi mau ʻano kaʻawale, ʻo nā ʻeheu o lākou e liʻiliʻi a nāwaliwali a hiki ʻole ke lele. Hoʻololi ka nui o kahi mākua mai 2 mm a 4 cm, kaukaʻi ʻia ʻana i kekahi ʻano.
ʻO ka bee kahi pepeke kūpono loa e lawe pololei i ka hana o ka pua a me ka hoʻohua ʻana o nā mea kanu, e ʻohiʻohi ana i ka nectar a me ka pollen. Uhi ʻia ke kino o ka mū me ka villi, kahi e pili ai ka pollen; ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia ʻana o kekahi nui, lawe ka pi i ka ʻie, aia ma waena o nā wāwae hope.
ʻO kekahi ʻano o nā nalo meli makemake i ka pollen mai hoʻokahi mea kanu, alakaʻi ʻia kekahi e ke kūana o kēia mea, me ka nānā ʻole i ke kumu. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hoʻohana ʻia nā pi e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā pua, eia naʻe, noho mamao loa nā lālā hihiu o ka ʻohana mai nā kānaka a me kā lākou waiwai. ʻO ia mau nalo meli, a me nā mea ʻino ʻino ʻē aʻe, make ma muli o nā polokalamu hoʻopau kanaka.
Eia hou, ua nalowale nā kolone pi ma muli o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu i mahi ʻia me nā pesticides, kahi hoʻemi o nā mea kanu o nā mea kanu meli ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o nā kūlanakauhale. Ke hele nei ka luku i ka ikaika i kēlā me kēia makahiki, aia ka manaʻo inā ʻaʻohe mea e mālama ʻia e mālama ai i ka nui o ka ʻohana, e nalowale nā pi i nā makahiki 2030.
Pono ʻole e ʻōlelo, hoʻohiki kēia i ka nalowale piha o ka meli no nā kānaka, a me ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi nui o ka nui o nā pua, nā hua a me nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kōkua nalo meli - kanu i nā mea kanu meli hou aku no nā mea kolo kokoke i ka hives, hōʻole e mālama i ka māla me nā kemika.
ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nohona
ʻO nā nalo meli pili ʻino me kahi hui kiʻekiʻe o ke ola. Hana pū lākou e kiʻi i ka meaʻai a me ka wai, pale a kiaʻi i ka hive. I kēlā me kēia hui aia kahi hierarchy koʻikoʻi, kahi e hana ai kēlā me kēia pae i kekahi mau hana. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka helu o nā kānaka, ʻo ka nui o nā pi i loko o kahi hui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā ʻelele o nā pae like ʻole o ka hierarchy. He ʻōpū kā kēlā me kēia hanana.
I loko o nā pi pi a me ka nalo wahine wahine
ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi mau pūʻulu he mau nalo meli. ʻO ke kumu o ia i loko o kahi ʻano i hāʻawi ʻia hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano wahine, a hana kēlā me kēia i nā hana like - ʻohiʻohi i ka pollen a hoʻomākaukau i ka meaʻai, a hoʻopuka pū kekahi.
ʻO ka pinepine, ʻaʻole hana kēlā ʻano i ka meli, akā ʻokoʻa kā lākou hana - ʻohiʻohi lākou i ka pollen a me ka nectar wale nō mai kā lākou mea kanu punahele, ʻo ia hoʻi, inā e make nā pi, e nalowale ka mea kanu.
Nā nalo meli wahine, ʻo kahi laʻana ʻeneke peʻa ʻeleʻele(kahi meli kamanā) hoʻomoe pinepine i nā hua i loko o hoʻokahi lua i mea e kiaʻi ai iā ia i ka huli, ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano o ke ola "komunal". Akā, mālama kēlā me kēia nalo meli a hoʻopiha wale i kāna huna ponoʻī.
ʻAʻole hiki i nā Lunamakaʻāinana kekahi mau ʻohana ke kiʻi i ka meaʻai na lākou iho, no ka nele o nā mea hana kūikawā, no laila ua koi ʻia lākou e koho i ka meaʻai a hoʻomoe i nā hua i nā hives a haʻi. ʻO nā pi e pili ana i kēia ʻano, ua kapa ʻia lākou he mau ʻāpā cuckoo.
Hana ʻia nā ʻohana ʻohana meli. ʻO ka maʻamau, aia kahi ʻohana i hoʻokahi mōʻī wahine, he mau kaukana wahine e hana nei, i ke kauwela he mau kaukani drones kekahi (kāne). ʻO lākou wale, ʻaʻole lākou e ola a ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i kahi ʻohana hou.
Mea ʻai
ʻO ka lele ʻana mai kahi pua a kahi pua, ʻohiʻohi a hōʻiliʻili nā pi i ka nectar a me ka pollen. ʻO kēia mau mea hana i hana i kā lākou papaʻai. Loaʻa nā pepelu i nā protein a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe mai ka pollen, ʻo ka nectar ke kumu nui o ka ikehu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I ka pūnāwai, hiki i hoʻokahi nalo meli ke waiho i 2000 mau hua i kēlā me kēia lā. I ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka meli, hoʻemi ʻia kā lākou helu i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa tausani ʻāpana. ʻO nā lālā o nā makahiki ʻokoʻa e hoʻokō i nā kuleana ʻokoʻa, no laila ke ʻike nei pi ma ke kiʻi, hiki iā mākou ke huki i kahi hopena e pili ana i kona kūlana a me ka helu o nā lā i ola, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i ka hihia āna e hana nei.
I ke kiʻi, nā larvae pi
ʻO nā ʻōpala ʻōpio i noho ma lalo o 10 mau lā e hānai i ka kōpū a me nā larvae āpau, ʻoiai e hoʻopuehu ʻia ka waiū i nā ʻōpio. Ma kahi o ka lā 7 o ke ola, hōʻike ʻia ka waxy hoʻokuʻu mua ma ka wahi o ka ʻōpū o ka pi a hoʻomaka ʻo ia e komo i ka hana.
I ka puna, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i nā waihona meli he nui i hōʻike wale ʻia - nā pi i hiki ke ola i ka hoʻoilo, a laila hiki lākou i ka "makahiki o nā mea kūkulu hale". Ma hope o 2 mau pule, kū ka hana o ka wax a hoʻokō nā pi i nā kuleana ʻē aʻe - e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā pūnaewele, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a lawe i ka ʻōpala. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau lā, pili nui nā "hoʻomaʻemaʻe" i ka ea o ka pūnana. Ke nānā pono nei lākou i hiki ʻole i nā ʻenemi ke hoʻokokoke i ka hive.
I ka pi peia a me ka meli
ʻO ka papa aʻe o ka beige maturity ka hōʻiliʻili meli (20-25 mau lā). I mea e wehewehe ai i nā kaikuahine i kahi o nā pua kūpono kūpono aʻe, hoʻohana ka mea kolo i ka biocommunication ʻike.
ʻOhi nā wai ma luna o 30 mau lā i ka wai no ka ʻohana holoʻokoʻa. Manaʻo ʻia kēia hana ka weliweli loa, ʻoiai make nā kānaka he nui kokoke i nā kino wai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe, i ka wā wela ke heluna nui nei nā manu, nā holoholona a me nā mea ʻino weliweli ʻē aʻe i laila.
No laila, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke ola o nā pi i ka mahele kūpono o nā hana. Hana nā kānaka kālā i ka ʻoihana ma loko, ke koena - ma waho. Aia ke ola i ka laha i ka laha. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke ola ʻana o nā meli meli a hiki i 10 mau mahina, a ʻo ka mehe bumblebee ke ola nei i hoʻokahi mahina.
I ke kiʻi, nā nalo meli i ka lua ninini
Piʻu piʻo, weliweli ia
Nānā ʻole i nā laha, makaʻu nā pi i nā neʻe hikiwawe, halulu, leo nui, ʻala maikaʻi ʻole no lākou. ʻO ke ʻala o ka ʻaʻala, ke ʻala o ka hou, kālika a me ka waiʻona e hoʻonāukiuki i nā pi, koi lākou e ʻūlū e like me ka hoʻoluliluli ʻana i ko lākou mau lima a holo aku.
ʻAʻole nui ka poʻe i ʻike i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e make koke kahi pi ma hope o ka nahu ʻia ʻana. Wehewehe ʻia kēia e ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ke nahu ʻia, mau ka ʻūheu serrated ma lalo o ka ʻili o kahi kanaka a holoholona paha. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e lele koke aku, puka mai ke kuʻi me ka hapa nui o nā ʻōpū o ka pepeke, kahi e make ai ka pi.
Koke ma hope o ka nalo ʻana o ka nalo meli, pono e hemo koke i ka ʻū mai ke kahua ʻū, ʻo ka mea ʻē e komo i loko o ke kino a me ke koko ka lāʻau ʻona ikaika, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka edema. A laila holoi ʻia ka ʻeha a mālama ʻia.
