ʻO ka lua wai lanahu ʻo Kuznetsk ka waihona minamina nui loa ma Rūsia. I kēia māhele, huki ʻia a mālama ʻia kahi kumuwaiwai waiwai. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ʻo 26.7 tausani km².
Kahi
Aia ke kai lanahu ma Siberia Komohana (ma kona ʻaoʻao hema). Aia ka hapa nui o ka wahi ma ka moku ʻo Kemerovo, kahi mea kaulana no ka waiwai o nā minelala, e komo pū ana me nā lānahu ʻeleʻele a paʻakikī. Aia ka ʻāina i loko o kahi lua pāpaʻu e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Kuznetsk Alatau Upland ma kekahi ʻaoʻao a me ka Salair Ridge Upland, a me ka ʻāina mauna-taiga ʻo Gornaya Shoria ma kekahi.
He inoa hou ko ka ʻāina - Kuzbass. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ʻo Taiga ma ka hikina a me ka hema o ka ʻāina, akā ʻo ka pae o ka ipu wai ke ʻano o kahi steppe a me steppe ulu lāʻau. ʻO nā kahawai nui o ia wahi ʻo Tom, Chumysh, Inya a me Yaya. I loko o ka waihona ipu lanahu aia nā kikowaena ʻoihana nui, e like me Prokopyevsk, Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo. I kēia mau wahi, hana lākou i ka ʻoihana lanahu, ferrous a me nā metallurgy ʻole ferrous, ikehu, kemika a me ka ʻenekini mīkini.
Kaha
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi aia ma kahi o 350 mau lou lanahu o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka strata hāpai i nā lānahu. Hoʻolālā like ʻole ʻia lākou, no ka laʻana, ʻo ka Tarbaganskaya suite kahi 19 mau papa, ʻoiai nā Balakhonskaya a me Kalchuginskaya i hoʻokumu ʻia he 237. ʻO nā mānoanoa kiʻekiʻe loa he 370 m. Ma ke ʻano he papa, nā papa me ka nui o 1.3 a 4 m ka lanakila i kekahi mau āpana, hiki ka waiwai i 9, 15, a i kekahi manawa 20 m.
ʻO ka hohonu o nā mines he 500 m. I ka hapanui o nā hihia, hoʻonui ka hohonu i 200 m.
I nā wahi o ke kīʻaha, hiki ke huki i nā minelala o nā ʻano like ʻole. Eia nō naʻe, ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ke kahua aia lākou i waena o nā mea ʻoi loa ma aneʻi. No laila, pono i ka lanahu kūpono he 5-15% ona mau, 4-16% pulu lehu, ka palena iki o ka phosphore i loko o ka hoʻohui (a i ka 0.12%), ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.6% sulfur a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā mea hoʻololi.
Nā pilikia
ʻO ka pilikia nui o ke kīʻaha koʻa Kuznetsk ka wahi maikaʻi ʻole. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo aia ka ʻāina i kahi mamao loa mai nā wahi nui i hiki ke lilo i mau mea kūʻai aku, no laila ua manaʻo ʻia ʻaʻole maikaʻi. A ʻo kahi hopena, kū nā pilikia i ka lawe ʻana o nā minelala, ʻoiai ke kūkulu maikaʻi ʻole ʻia nā pūnaewele kaʻaahi i kēia wahi. A ʻo kahi hopena, nui nā kumukūʻai lawe, e alakaʻi ai i kahi hōʻemi o ka hoʻokūkū ʻana o ka lanahu, a me nā mea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ipu i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
ʻO kekahi o nā pilikia nui ke kūlana kaiaola i ka ʻāina. No ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ikaika o ka hoʻomohala waiwai, kahi nui o nā ʻoihana e maina a hana i ka lanahu e hana kokoke ana i nā noho. I kēia mau wahi, ʻike ʻia ke kūlana kaiaola ma ke ʻano he pilikia a me ka pōʻino paha. ʻO nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Mezhdurechensk, Novokuznetsk, Kaltan, Osinniki a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i maʻalahi i ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole. Ma muli o ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole, hiki mai ka luku ʻia o nā pōhaku nunui, hoʻololi ke aupuni o nā wai o ka honua, ʻike ʻia ka lewa i ka haumia kemikala.
Nā Manaʻo
ʻEkolu ala e kuʻi ai i ka lānahu i loko o ke kīʻaha Kuznetsk: lalo o ka honua, neaa a hāmama. Kūʻai ʻia kēia ʻano huahana e nā poʻe a me nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi. Akā hoʻi, ʻo ka lanahu o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā papa haʻahaʻa a kiʻekiʻe hoʻi, e ʻeli ʻia i ka ipu.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka mining mining opencast e lilo i mea ikaika no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāina a me ka pūnaewele lawe. I kēia manawa ma 2030, ʻo ka mahele o ka ʻāina Kemerovo i ka hana lanahu e 51% o ka huina ma ka ʻāina.
Nā hana hoʻoulu lānahu
ʻO ka hana lola o ka hoʻouku lānahu ka laha mau. Me kona kōkua, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā mea maka maikaʻi, akā i ka manawa like ʻo ia ka hana weliweli loa. Aia kekahi mau hanana i hōʻeha nui ʻia nā limahana. Loaʻa i ka lānahu e kēia ʻano hana ka lehu liʻiliʻi a me nā mea huikau.
Kūpono ke ala hāmama i nā hihia kahi papau nā waihona lānahu. No ka huki ʻana i ka minelala mai nā puʻu, lawe nā limahana i ka overburden (hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi bulldozer). Ke loaʻa nei kēia hana i ka kaulana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o nā minelala.
Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka hana neʻe ma kahi e loaʻa ai ka wai o ka wai.
Nā mea kūʻai mai
ʻO nā mea kūʻai nui o ka lanahu nā ʻoihana e hana i nā ʻoihana e like me ka coke a me ka kemikū. He mea nui ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka mōʻalihaku i ka hana ʻana i nā wahie ikehu. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻē ka mea kūʻai nui. Lawe ʻia ka lānahu i Iapana, Turkey, Pelekane Nui a me Pinilana. Hoʻonui nā lako i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻaelike hou me nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe, e laʻa me nā ʻāina ʻAsia. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hema o Lūkia a me Siberia Komohana, a ʻo nā Ural hoʻi, noho mau nā mea kūʻai aku ma ka mākeke kūloko.
Nā waihona ukana
Aia ka hapa nui o nā mālama i nā wahi kālaihonua a me ka hoʻokele waiwai e like me Leninsky a me Erunakovsky. Ma kahi o 36 biliona mau tona o nā lānahu i hoʻopili ʻia ma aneʻi. Ma nā moku ʻo Tom-Usinsk a me Prokopyevsko-Kiselevsk aia he 14 biliona tona, Kondomskaya a me Mrasskaya - 8 biliona tona, Kemerovo a me Baidaevskaya - 6.6 biliona mau tona.
