ʻO ka osprey hikina (Pandion cristatus) no ke kauoha ʻo Falconiformes.
Nā hōʻailona kūwaho o ka hikina hikina
Loaʻa i ka osprey hikina kahi awelika o ma kahi o 55 cm. ʻO nā ʻēheu 145 - 170 cm.
Kaona: 990 a 1910.
He ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kēia kino o luna o ka hulu hulu. Keʻokeʻo ka ʻāʻī a me ka lalo. Keʻokeʻo ke poʻo, me nā interlayers ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele ka waihona. Hoʻomaka ka laina ʻeleʻele mai ka hope o ka maka a hoʻomau ma ka ʻāʻī. Loaʻa i ka umauma kahi ākea brownish-ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula a me nā paʻi ʻalani ʻeleʻele. Hōʻike maopopo ʻia kēia ʻano i nā wahine, akā kokoke ʻole i nā kāne. He keʻokeʻo a hina hina paha nā mea i lalo me nā kiko ʻeleʻele ma nā pulima. Ma lalo o ka huelo keʻokeʻo a hina hina-brown. Melemele ka iris. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o nā wāwae a me nā wāwae mai keʻokeʻo a hina hina.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka wahine ma mua o ke kāne. ʻOiʻoi kāna pahu umauma. ʻOkoʻa nā manu ʻōpio mai ko lākou mau mākua i ke kala melemele-ʻalani o ka iris o ka maka. ʻOkoʻa ka Hikina Osprey mai ka European Osprey i kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻēheu pōkole.
Nā wahi noho o ka hikina hikina
Noho ʻo ka hikina hikina i nā ʻano nohona like ʻole:
- ʻāina pulu,
- nā wahi i uhi ʻia me ka wai kokoke i ke kapakai,
- nā pali, nā kahakai, nā pōhaku e ke kai,
- kahakai,
- waha muliwai,
- mangrove.
Ma ka ʻĀkau o ʻAukekulelia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano manu manu lele ma nā wahi wai, ma nā wai, ma nā kahakai o nā loko nui a me nā kahawai, ākea loa ke kahawai, a me nā kahawai nui.
I kekahi mau ʻāpana, makemake ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina i ka pali kiʻekiʻe a me nā mokupuni e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka ʻilikai, akā e ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi lepo haʻahaʻa, nā kahakai one, kokoke i nā pōhaku a me nā mokupuni ʻākoʻakoʻa. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano manu lele i nā biotopes atypical e like me nā kahawai, nā ululāʻau a me nā ululāʻau. Hoʻoholo ko lākou alo i ka loaʻa o nā pūnaewele hānai kūpono.
Hoʻolaha o ka Hikina Osprey
ʻAʻole kūlike ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka osprey hikina i kona inoa kikoʻī. Ua pālahalaha nui ʻia ma Indonesia, nā Pilipino, nā Paeʻāina Palaud, Nūkini, nā mokupuni ʻo Solomon a me New Caledonia ma mua o ka pae ʻāina ʻo ʻAukekulelia. Kuhi ʻia ka ʻāpana hāʻawi ma mua o 117,000 kilomika kilomika ma Australia wale nō. Noho ʻo ia ma nā kapakai komohana a me ka ʻākau a me nā mokupuni e pili ana iā Albany (Western Australia) a i ka Lake Macquarie ma New South Wales.
Noho ka lua o ka poʻe noho kaʻawale i ke kapakai hema, mai ke kihi o ke kai kūʻono a hiki i Cape Spencer a me Kangaroo Island. Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka lawena o ka hikina osprey.
Noho ʻokoʻa ka Hikina Osprey a i ʻole nā pālua, kākaʻikahi i nā ʻohana.
Ma ka ʻāina ʻo ʻAukekulelia, hānau ʻokoʻa nā pālua. Ma New South Wales, ʻike pinepine ʻia nā pūnana ma kahi o 1-3 kilomita kaawale. ʻO nā manu makua no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai e neʻe i ʻekolu mau mile ka mamao.
ʻO ka osprey hikina ka mea noho. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka makahiki, hōʻike nā manu o nā lawaiʻa i ka hana kolohe, ke pale ʻana i ko lākou ʻāina mai ko lākou mau hoa a me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe.
ʻAʻole kūpaʻa nui nā manu ʻōpio i kekahi panalāʻau, hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi he haneli mau kilomita, akā, i ka wā hānau, hoʻi pinepine lākou i ko lākou wahi hānau.
ʻO Osprey Hikina Hānau
ʻO nā osprey hikina he mau manu monogamous wale nō, akā i kekahi manawa, ua male ʻia kahi wahine me nā kāne. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ma waena o nā manu e pūnana ma nā mokupuni, ʻaʻole mea maʻamau ka polygamy, ma muli paha o ka ʻāpana o nā wahi pūnana. Ma Australia, holo ka wā hānau mai ʻApelila a Pepeluali. Kūlike ka lōʻihi ma muli o ka latitude; nā manu e noho ana i ka pūnana hema ma hope iki.
Hoʻololi ka ʻano o nā pūnana i ka nui a me ke ʻano, akā nui lākou maʻamau. ʻO nā mea kūkulu hale nui nā lālā me nā ʻāpana lāʻau. Aia ka pūnana ma nā lālā lāʻau ʻole, nā pōhaku make, nā ahu pōhaku. Hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāina, ma nā poʻo kai, ma nā pākū, nā kahakai haʻalele, nā puʻu one, a me nā wahi kai paʻakai.
Hoʻohana pū ʻo Osprey i nā hanana pūnana hana e like me pylones, piers, lighthouse, towers, cranes, sunken boat a me nā paepae. Nā manu manu moʻo manu i loko o ka wahi like no kekahi mau makahiki.
Hoʻomoe nā wahine i 1 i 4 mau hua (maʻa mau he 2 a 3).
Keʻokeʻo ke kala, i kekahi manawa me nā ʻeleʻele brownish a i ʻole nā kaha. Kū ka Incubation mai 33 a 38 mau lā. Hoʻokomo nā manu ʻelua, akā ʻo ka wahine ka nui. Lawe ke kāne i ka meaʻai i nā moa a me ka wahine. Ma hope, ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā manu ʻōpio i kahi liʻiliʻi, hānai pū nā ʻōpio makua i nā keiki.
Haʻalele nā manu ʻōpio i ka pūnana ma kahi o 7 a 11 mau pule o ko lākou mau makahiki, akā hoʻi mau lākou i ka pūnana no kekahi manawa e loaʻa ka meaʻai mai ko lākou mau mākua no 2 mau mahina ʻē aʻe. Hoʻokahi wale nō hua puaʻa ma ka hikina ʻo Osprey i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā hiki iā lākou ke kau i nā hua manu i 2 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia kau inā maikaʻi nā kūlana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ulu kēia ʻano manu manu i kēlā me kēia makahiki no nā makahiki āpau, i kekahi manawa he haki o ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki. Haahaa nā helu ola ʻo Chick no kekahi mau ʻāina ʻo Ausralie, mai ka 0.9 a i ka 1.1 mau moa ma ka awelika.
Mea ʻai ʻo Osprey Hikina
Pau ka iʻa nui i ka osprey hikina. I kekahi manawa hopu iā ia i nā molluscs, nā crustacea, nā ʻelala, nā mea kolo, nā manu a me nā mea hānai manu. ʻEleʻa kēia mau mea ʻino i ke ao, akā ʻimi i kekahi manawa i ka pō. ʻAneʻane hoʻohana mau nā manu i ka hoʻolālā like: lele lākou ma luna o ka wai holo, lele i nā pōʻai a nānā i ka wahi wai a ʻike lākou i ka iʻa. I kekahi manawa hopu lākou mai ka hoʻohālua.
Ke ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea pio, lele ka osprey no kekahi manawa a laila kūlou i kona mau wāwae i mua e hopu i kāna mea pio kokoke i ka papa o ka wai. Ke ʻimi ʻo ia mai kahi moa, nānā koke ʻo ia i ka pahuhopu, a laila luʻu hohonu, i kekahi manawa a 1 mika ka hohonu. Hiki i kēia mau manu ke kiʻi pū me lākou e luku aku ma kahi o ka pūnana.
Ke kūlana mālama o ka osprey hikina
ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka Hikina Osprey e ka IUCN ma ke ʻano he pono e pale ʻia. ʻAʻohe ʻikepili ma ka helu nui. ʻOiai maʻamau kēia ʻano ma Australia, ʻaʻole kaulike kona mahele. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka heluna hikina ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻia o ka nohona a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākaʻikaʻi. Ma ka Eyre Peninsula ma Australia Hema, kahi e pūnana ai nā ospreys ma ka honua no ka nele o nā kumulāʻau, hoʻoweliweli nui ka lawaiʻa ʻana.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea make a me nā mea pesticides ke kumu o ka emi ʻana o ka heluna kanaka. No laila, ʻo ka pāpā ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pesticides weliweli e kōkua i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui o nā manu.
