Iʻa onionio ʻakaʻakai mahalo ʻia no ka ʻono momona a momona a me ka ʻono momona, eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea mua, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ma ke ʻano he lunamakaʻāinana nani o ka wai wai. Aia i ke kaʻina o nā perchiformes, he nui nā ʻano hiʻona a me nā ʻano iʻa o ka iʻa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻole ʻia i kona mau hoa like. Loaʻa iā ia ka mackerel a me kahi inoa ʻē aʻe, ka inoa o ka mackerel.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Mackerel – he iʻa, ma waho e like me ka manamana: kona poʻo a me ka huelo he lahilahi a elongated, a like kona kino me ka mānoanoa e hiki ai, pālahalaha ʻia ma nā ʻaoʻao. Uhi ʻia me nā unahi liʻiliʻi e like me ka ʻili, hoʻoikaika nui kēia i ka ʻohiʻohi - ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka iʻa.
Ma waho aʻe o nā peʻa nui, nui nā liʻiliʻi o ka mackerel, a me ke ʻano o ke kino, e ʻae iā ʻoe e neʻe wikiwiki me kahi au e hana nei; ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka iʻa ke wikiwiki a 80 km / h.
ʻO nā mea nui no kēia ʻano 5 mau lālani o nā peʻa liʻiliʻi, aia kokoke i ka hiʻu a hoʻopau hou i kāna neʻe - lawelawe lākou ma ke ʻano he ʻano hoʻokele a kōkua i ka maneuver. ʻO ka mackerel maʻamau ma kahi o 30 cm ka lōʻihi a kaupaona ʻia ʻaʻole ma mua o 300 gram, akā naʻe, aia kekahi mau hihia ke hiki i nā lawaiʻa ke hopu i kekahi kanaka me ke kaumaha o 1.6 kg a me 60 cm ka lōʻihi.
Ma ke poʻo elongated o ka iʻa, aia nā maka, e like me nā lālā o ka ʻohana mackerel, puni lākou i ke apo iwi. ʻO nā niho, kahi e hiki ai i ka mackerel ke hoʻohana i mea e haki ai i ka mea pio i loko o kekona kekona, liʻiliʻi a conical, a ʻoi ka ihu.
ʻAʻole hiki ke huikau ke kala o ka mackerel me kekahi mea ʻē aʻe: kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole gula ʻōpū a hoʻi me kahi aniani uliuli, i kāhiko ʻia me kahi kumu wavy e hoʻomaopopo ai ka iʻa.
Nā ʻano
Pau laha o ka mackerel he kala like me nā kaha ʻano ma ke kua, eia nō naʻe, he 4 mau ʻano o kēia iʻa:
- Kepanī, ka lunamaka'āinana liʻiliʻi loa o ka mackerel: ʻo ka palena nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 550 g, lōʻihi o ke kino - 44 cm;
- ʻApelikaloaʻa ka nui o ka nui ma ka ʻohana (a hiki i 1.6 kg) a hiki i 63 cm ka lōʻihi;
- atlantic, ʻo ka hapanui pinepine ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he maʻamau. ʻOkoʻa ia i ka loaʻa ʻole o kahi ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, ke ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mackerel: ua manaʻo ʻia ua nalowale kona waiwai ma muli o nā ʻano like ʻole o ke ola ma ka moana kai, kahi e pono ai ke luʻu koke a hoʻi hou i luna i ka manawa o ka ʻimi holoholona. ʻO ka mackerel ʻAkelanika ka musculature i hoʻomohala nui ʻia, ka mea ʻaelike me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe a ʻae i ka iʻa i ke hohonu i koi ʻia i kahi kūlana papamoe.
- Nuhōlani, ʻo kā lākou ʻiʻo ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe: ʻoi iki ka momona a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī, no laila ʻaʻole makemake nui ʻia kēlā makakeke, ʻoiai e ʻeli ʻia i ka nui.
Hoʻomaopopo kekahi mau ʻepekema i ka mackerel ma ke ʻano he ʻano kūikawā o ka mackerel, e pili ana i nā ʻokoʻa o ke kala: kekahi a me nā unahi bluish o nā unahi a me nā kaha liʻiliʻi i haʻi ʻia ma ke kua. Hiki i ka nui o kahi iʻa ke piʻi i 1.5 mau mika ka lōʻihi, no ka mea i kapa ʻia ka inoa aliʻi. Eia nō naʻe, i ka ʻoihana kalepa, ʻaʻole kū i waho kēia ʻano: manaʻo ʻia ʻo nā ʻano o ka nohona e hoʻopili i ka malu a me ka nui o ka mackerel.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ʻo Mackerel i ka wai o ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa o ʻEulopa, ke Kai ʻEleʻele a me ke Kaiwaenahonua. Thermophilic ka iʻa, ʻoluʻolu ka mahana iā ia - 8-20 kekelē; i ka wā anuanu, ʻākoakoa nā kānaka he nui i kahi ʻohana e neʻe i nā wahi me ka wai mehana.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia i ka wā o ka neʻe ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia kēlā me kēia kula o ka mackerel i kekahi ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe a pale ikaika i kā lākou kula mai nā malihini. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka nohona nui o ka mackerel i nā wahi kaʻawale, kahi o kekahi o nā iʻa i lilo i mea nui.
No laila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka lāhui Australia ma ka Moana Pākīpika, kokoke i Kina a me nā mokupuni ʻo Iapana, a pālahalaha aku i ke kapakai ʻo Australia a me New Zealand. Noho ʻo mackerel ʻApelika ma ka Moana ʻAkelanika a makemake ʻo ia e noho kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Canary a me Azores, kahi e hiolo ʻole ai ka hohonu o nā wai kai ma lalo o 300 mau mika.
ʻO Kepanī, ʻoiai ka thermophilic ʻoi loa, e noho nei i ke kai o Iapana ma nā mokupuni ʻo Kuril, hiki i ka mahana o ka wai ma laila ke piʻi i nā kekelē 27, no laila hoʻonui ka iʻa i nā palena o ko lākou wahi noho a hele hou aku mai kahakai i ka wā o ka spawning.
Noho ʻo mackerel ʻAkelanika i ka wai o Iceland a me nā mokupuni ʻo Canary, a loaʻa pū ʻia ma ke Kai ʻĀkau. I loko o ka wā spawning, hiki iā ia ke neʻe i nā shoals huikau i ke kai o Marmara, ʻo ka mea nui ka pāpaʻu o ka hohonu - e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻaʻohe loko o kēia ʻano iʻa.
I ka wā hoʻoilo wale nō e hina ai ka mackerel 200 mau mika i ke kolamu wai a lilo i mea hiki ʻole ke neʻe ʻia, a kakaikahi ka meaʻai i kēia manawa, no laila, ʻoi aku ka momona o nā iʻa i loaʻa i ka hāʻule.
Ma waho o ke kahakai o ʻAmelika a ma ke Kai Kūʻono ʻo Mekiko, nā pūʻā makika nui a hana i ka mea i kapa ʻia he ʻano aliʻi, ʻo ia ka mea maʻalahi e hopu, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hāʻule ka iʻa ma lalo o 100 mau mika a paʻa maʻalahi i ka ʻupena.
ʻO Mackerel kahi iʻa neʻe, koho ʻo ia i ka wai i loaʻa kahi mahana mehana e like me kona wahi noho, no laila, hiki ke loaʻa nā shoals pākahi i nā moana āpau, koe wale nō ka Arctic. I ke kau mahana, kūpono ka wai nui no ka hana nui o ka iʻa, no laila hopu ʻia lākou ma nā wahi āpau: mai ke kapakai o Pelekane Nui a hiki i ka Hikina hikina.
ʻO nā wai kokoke i nā ʻĀinapuniʻi he mea weliweli ia no ka mackerel i ke alo o nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe: nā liona kai, nā pelikani a me nā iʻa hopu holoholona iʻa nui a hiki ke luku ʻia a hiki i ka hapalua o ka pūʻulu i ka wā e ʻimi ai.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ma ke ʻano he loulou nui i ka kaulahao meaʻai, lawelawe ka mackerel i meaʻai no nā mea hānai kai a me nā ʻano iʻa nui aku, akā he mea ʻaihue ponoʻī ia. I ka papaʻai o ka mackerel zooplankton, nā iʻa liʻiliʻi a me nā pāpaʻi liʻiliʻi, caviar a me nā larva o ke ola kai.
He mea hoihoi pehea ka ʻimi ʻana o ka mackerel: ʻākoakoa ia i nā kula liʻiliʻi a kalaiwa i nā kula o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi (sprat, anchovy, gerbils) i ka papa o ka wai, kahi e hana ai i kahi ʻano ipu. I ke kaʻina o ka hopu ʻana i ka mackerel, hoʻopilikia pinepine kekahi poʻe ʻino ʻē aʻe, a ʻo nā gulls a me nā pelicans, ka mea makemake ʻole e ʻahaʻaina i nā meaʻai ola i paʻa i ka hei.
ʻO nā mākua nunui o ka mackerel e ʻimi heʻe ai a me nā pāpaʻi, e hoʻouka nei i kahi kekona a haehae i ka mea pio me nā niho ʻoi. Ma ka laulaha, aloha nui ka iʻa a hiki i kahi lawaiʻa mākaukau ke hopu iā ia me ka hoʻohana ʻole ʻole ʻana o ka maunu: ʻike ʻo ia i ka lou i mea ʻai kūpono.
Ke kaʻina hoʻoukuʻai mackerel i ke kiʻihana ʻia e nā amateurs, nani ke nānā aku: kahi kula lawaiʻa o ka iʻa, hele pū me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, me nā dolphins. Eia hou, ke neʻe nei kokoke i ka ʻilikai o ka wai, hana nā kula o ka mackerel i kahi hum i hiki ke lohe ʻia i loko o ka radius o kekahi mau kilomita.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hoʻomaka ka oʻo o nā iʻa i ka makahiki 2 o ke ola, mai ia manawa e hānau hou ka mackerel i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka ʻole o nā kahamaha a hiki i ka make. ʻO Mackerel e hanau hua ana, noho i nā hipa, hana ʻia i kekahi mau hanana: i ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka ʻo Mei, kū mai nā mākua no ka hānau keiki, a laila ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻōpio, a, ʻo ka hopena, i ka hopena o Iune, ʻo ka huli o ka hānau mua.
No ka ʻōnaehana, makemake ka mackerel i nā wahi kai. Palolo nā iʻa momona i kahi hohonu o 200 mika, kahi e waiho ai lākou i nā hua i nā ʻāpana i nā wahi he nui. I ka huina, i ka wā e hoʻouluulu ai, hiki i kahi mākua ke hana ma kahi o 500 tausani mau hua, a ʻo kēlā me kēia mea ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 1 mm ka nui a loaʻa nā momona kūikawā e hānai i nā keiki pale ʻole.
Kūpono ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hua manu i ka mahana o ka wai ma kahi o 13 kekelē, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe ia, ʻo ka wikiwiki e ʻike ʻia nā larvae, ʻo ka nui o ia mau mea he 2-3 mm wale nō. ʻO ka manawa maʻamau mai ka hānau ʻana i nā keiki he 16 - 21 mau lā.
Hāʻawi ka ulu ulu o ka fry iā lākou e hiki i ka nui o 3-6 cm i ka hopena o ke kauwela kauwela, e ʻOkakopa ko lākou lōʻihi a hiki i 18 cm. ʻO ka ulu o ka mackerel e pili ana i kona mau makahiki: ʻo ke kaikaina o ke kanaka, ʻo ka wikiwiki o kona ulu. Hana kēia a hiki i ka lōʻihi o ke kino e hoʻokokoke ai i 30 cm, a ma hope e lohi ka ulu ʻana me ka nui, akā ʻaʻole kū iki.
Puka ʻo Mackerel i loko o kona ola, ʻo ka lōʻihi o 18-20 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi, akā i nā kūlana ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoweliweli mai nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, ola kekahi poʻe a 30 mau makahiki paha.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
ʻO ka musculature o ka mackerel i hoʻomohala ʻia e ʻae iā ia e wikiwiki i ka wikiwiki nui: i ka manawa o ke kiola ʻana, ma hope o 2 kekona, neʻe ka iʻa i lalo i ka wikiwiki o 80 km / h, kūʻē - a 50 km / h. I ka manawa like, holo wikiwiki kahi kaʻa heihei hou i 100 km / h, e hoʻolilo ana i 4-5 kekona.
Akā makemake ka mackerel e neʻe i kahi mele mālie i ka wikiwiki o 30 km / h, ʻae kēia iā ʻoe e huakaʻi i kahi mamao a mālama i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi kula. ʻO Mackerel kekahi o nā poʻe noho kai e ʻae i nā iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o kā lākou kula, ʻo ka hānai a i ʻole nā sardine e hui pū me nā kula neʻe.
Hopena hopu
ʻO Kepanī ka ʻano maʻamau o ka mackerel, a hiki i ka 65 mau iʻa o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ke noho mau nei kona heluna kanaka i kahi pae maʻamau ma muli o kona momona. ʻO ka nohona aloha o ka mackerel i hiki ke hopu i 2-3 mau iʻa o ka iʻa i loko o ka luʻu hoʻokahi, kahi e lilo ai ia i kekahi o nā ʻano pāʻoihana makemake nui ʻia.
Ma hope o ka hopu ʻana, ʻohiʻohi ʻia ka mackerel i nā ʻano like ʻole: paʻahau, puhi ʻia a paʻakai ʻia. ʻIʻo Mackerel Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻono lahilahi a me kahi nui o nā meaola.
He mea hoihoi ia i nā manawa like ʻole o ka makahiki ka momona o ka iʻa i ʻokoʻa: i ke kauwela ʻo ia ka standard 18-20 mau, i ka hoʻoilo piʻi ke kiʻi i 30 mau gram, kahi e hiki ai ke noʻonoʻo i kēia ʻano momona. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka nui o ka calorie o ka mackerel he 200 kcal wale nō, a lawe ʻia i 2 mau manawa ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka pipi, ʻaʻole haʻahaʻa i ka hope ma ka ʻōlelo protein.
Ua aʻo lākou e hānai i nā ʻano iʻa like ʻole i nā ʻano hana: i Iapana, ua hana ʻia nā ʻoihana kālepa e hana nei i ka mahi ʻana a me ka ʻohi ʻana o ka mackerel. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole kaupaona ka mackerel hānai paʻa ma mua o 250-300 mau gram, kahi e hopena maikaʻi ʻole i nā pono kalepa o nā ʻoihana ʻona.
ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hopu ʻana i ka mackerel: he mea nui wale nō e koho i kāu mea pono ponoʻī no kēlā me kēia wahi noho, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻano ʻano o nā seine. Hoʻohui pū kekahi, ʻimi nā mea ʻimi iʻa iʻa i ka hohonu o kahi e ola ai ka mackerel, pono kēia no ka hopu maikaʻi ʻana, no ka mea ʻo ka mackerel, kaukaʻi ʻia i ka mahana o ka wai, ka mamao o ke kahakai a me ke kokoke loa i nā ola kai ʻē aʻe, hiki ma ka ʻili o ka wai a i ʻole ka hohonu o 200 m
Mahalo nā mea aloha i ka lawaiʻa haʻuki i ka mackerel no ka manawa kūpono no ka leʻaleʻa pāʻani - ʻoiai ka momona a me ka maʻalahi o ka lawaiʻa ʻana, ulu ka iʻa i ka wikiwiki o ka wai a hiki iā ia ke haki i ka lou i mau kekona.
I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole hiki ke noho i waho o ke kahakai - ʻaʻole kokoke ka mackerel i ka ʻāina, no laila e hele mai kahi waʻa e mākaukau e hopu iā ia. ʻO ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka mackerel mai kahi yacht i manaʻo ʻia he leʻaleʻa kūikawā - ka mamao loa mai ke kahakai, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā iʻa.
Makemake nā lawaiʻa mākaukau i ka hopu ʻana i ka mackerel me ke kolohe - ʻo kēia ka inoa o kahi hāmeʻa me kahi laina lōʻihi me nā lou e koi ʻole ai i kahi maunu. Hoʻowalewale pū ʻia ʻo Mackerel me nā mea ʻōlinolino like ʻole - hiki ke lilo i ʻāpana ʻilililohi a iʻa plastik kūikawā, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma kahi hale kūʻai lawaiʻa.
E pili ana i caviar mackerel, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa iki i loko o ka iʻa paʻahau a puhi ʻia paha, no ka mea ʻo ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā kahua hoʻoulu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i pau. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e mālama i ka nui o ka iʻa, no ka mea he manawa kona e waiho hua ai ma mua o ka paʻa ʻana i ka ʻupena.
Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻono na ka caviar mackerel no nā ʻĀkia Hikina e makemake e hana me ka pasta. Ma ka mākeke Lūkia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka caviar mackerel paʻakai, i ʻūlū ʻia i loko o nā kini, he mea ʻai nō ia, akā he ʻaʻano likido a me ka ʻono ʻawaʻawa.
Kumukūʻai
Kūʻai ʻia ʻo Mackerel i ke kumukūʻai kūpono e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano iʻa ʻē aʻe. Lawe ka uku i ke ʻano o ka iʻa i hoʻolako ʻia (paʻahau, paʻakai, puhi ʻia a i ʻole ke ʻano o nā meaʻai kēpau), kona nui a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai - ʻo ka nui a momona o nā iʻa, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o ke kilokilo o nā mea ʻono.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai kūʻai maʻamau o ka mackerel ma Rūsia:
- paʻahau - 90-150 r / kg;
- puhipaka - 260 - 300 r / kg;
- ʻai kēpau - 80-120 rubles / pack.
ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o ka iʻa i hopu ʻia ma waho o ko mākou ʻāina ma mua o ka iʻa home: no ka laʻana, hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka mackerel mōʻī Chile ma ke kumu kūʻai o 200 r / kg, Kepanī - mai 180, Kina, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi, aia ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa loa o nā ʻano mea i lawe ʻia mai - mai 150 r. / kg.
ʻO ke kumukūʻai waiwai nui a me nā ʻike o nā wikamina a me nā microelement, i loko nō o ka unsaturated fatty acid Omega-3, i hana ʻia ka mackerel kekahi o nā iʻa kālepa nui. ʻO kona wahi noho a me ka heluna kanaka e emi ʻole nei e ʻae iā ʻoe e hopu i ka mackerel ma kahi o nā wai, ke kai a me ke kai.
Hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka ʻiʻo lahilahi ma nā ʻano like ʻole, akā manaʻo ʻia ka iʻa puhi ʻia he mea ʻono kūikawā, a, me ka momona o ka momona, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa kona a me ka hōʻeha ʻole i ke kiʻi.
Hoʻomākaukau ka poʻe ʻokoʻa i nā kīʻaha maʻamau mai ka mackerel, no ka laʻana, makemake ka poʻe noho o ka Hikina Hikina i ka mackerel stroganin, a ma nā ʻāina ʻo ʻAsia, hana ʻia nā pā a me nā pates mai ia mea, i manaʻo ʻia he ʻono.
