Hiamoe ke kūlanakauhale, a ala aʻe kahi mea kupaianaha, e ala ana i ka hoihoi a me ka makaʻu i nā poʻe he nui - kāmaʻa lio bat... I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻomaka kēia mau mea i kā lākou mau hana ma mua iki, me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pō mua. A ʻo ka pouli, ʻo ka hana nui o ko lākou ola.
ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i ke akahele a hoʻopailua hoʻi i ka ʻōpeʻapeʻa. Hoʻoweliweli pinepine lākou i kā lākou lele ʻana i ka pō, nā kani a lākou e hana ai, ka hōʻeha kūpilikiʻi i nā holoholona. A ʻoiai, he mau kaao e pili ana i nā vampires ma aneʻi, no ka mea ʻo nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa ko lākou prototype i ka moʻokalaleo a me ke kiʻi.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻai nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa āpau i ke koko, hoʻouka i nā holoholona, nānā e like me nāʻiole lele, a hoʻolaha i nā rabi ma waena o nā holoholona. Hana ʻia ʻo ka mea maikaʻi ʻole i kā lākou kiʻi ko lākou helehelena wale nō, a kahi hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa o kēia kāmaʻa lio... Maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia e kahi hana kūikawā ma luna o kona alo. Nui nā kaʻao e pili ana iā lākou, e like me nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa āpau. E hoʻāʻo e ʻike inā aia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kēia mau kaʻao.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Horseshoe i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka hapanui o nā opeapea. Ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa iā lākou e ke ʻano o ka hoʻokumu cartilaginous e pili ana i nā puka ihu, e like me ka lio. Me he mea lā e hoʻopuni ana i nā puka ihu.
He mea hoihoi ia ke kuleana o kēia "hoʻonaninani" ʻaʻole loa ia he hanu, akā hoʻokele. Kōkua ka ulu i ka hana ʻana i nā kaola o nā hōʻailona echolocation, kahi a kēia mau mea e kamaʻilio ai ma o nā puka ihu ke paʻa ka waha. He mau ʻeheu ākea ko lākou, pelu mau e like me nā huluhulu o kahi ʻākena. I ka manawa o ka lele, aia lākou mai 19 a 50 cm i ka lōʻihi, ke kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka huelo i ka membrane interfemoral, a ma ke koena e kuhikuhi ʻia i ke kua. ʻElua mau lālā o nā lālā. Lōʻihi nā wāwae o hope, me nā māiʻuʻu meli a ʻoi loa hoʻi. Mahalo iā lākou, pili nā peʻa lio i nā papa "maikaʻi" - nā paia a me nā kaupaku o ko lākou mau hale.
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o nā mea i mua. ʻO ka nui o ke kino mai 2.8 a 11 cm, ʻokoʻa ke kaumaha mai 6 a 150 g. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao mua o ka sternum, nā hui mua ʻelua o nā iwi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka hiku o ka cerviic a me ka vertebrae mua i hoʻopili ʻia, e hana ana i hoʻokahi apo a puni ka diaphragm.
ʻO ke kala o ka hulu ke hina-brownish, monotonous, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka mālamalama, kokoke i ka ʻulaʻula. Aia kekahi mau albino. Liʻiliʻi nā maka, a ʻo nā pepeiao, i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, nunui, kū pololei, ʻano daimana a me waho ʻole pōʻino (kahi cartilage liʻiliʻi e uhi ana i ka auricle).
Hiki i nā ʻōpū lio, e like me nā ʻalopeke a me nā raccoons, ke lilo i maʻi me nā rabies. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hōʻike ko lākou maʻi iā ia iho i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka huhū, akā i ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe. Lilo ka holoholona i maʻi i ka maʻi, me he mea lōlō lā ʻaʻole hiki ke lele. Inā ʻoe e noho mamao aku i nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa kolo, ʻaʻohe mea weliweli.
*Ka moʻo'ōlelo mua - ʻO nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa nā mea nui o ka pīpī.
Nā ʻano
Nāʻiole lio komo pū nā ʻohana ʻelua - lehelehe lio (Hipposiderini), kāhea pinepine ʻia lākou ihu lau, a ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻōpeʻapeʻa lio (Rhinolophus).
ʻO ka subfamily mua he 9 genera, e hui pū nei i 67 mau ʻano. ʻAʻole lākou i aʻo maikaʻi ʻia ma muli o kā lākou hūnā, akā ʻike mākou i kekahi mea e pili ana i kekahi o kēia mau mea pohihihi.
- Lau Kaffra... E like me nā ihu lau āpau, kona lau o ka cartilaginous i ka wahi o ka ihu he lau. Kupa o ʻApelika Waena a me ʻApelika Hema. ʻAʻole hoʻomau kona ʻāina, hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo i nā kolone kaʻawale, akā kūpaʻa. Liʻiliʻi ka holoholona, a hiki i 9 cm ka lōʻihi a 10 g ke kaupaona. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kāne ma mua o nā wahine. He hina hina ka huluhulu a me ke kala o ke one wela, me kahi ʻano ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka pēpē nā manu lele, ʻo ka lupe ākea ka waha.
- Hānai lau maʻamau... Kamaaina ʻĀkia. ʻAʻole picky e pili ana i ka nohona - nā ʻāina maloʻo, nā ululāʻau pulu, nā wahi mahiʻai - makemake ʻo ia i nā mea āpau. ʻIke pinepine ʻia i nā ana lime. Hoʻomau nā Cubs e noho kokoke i ko lākou makuahine ʻoiai ua pau ka hānai ʻana.
- Hāpai lau ʻana i ka lau... Noho ma Australia, New Guinea, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia. Makemake i nā ululāʻau pāhihi.
- Ihu lau o Commerson. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka ʻepekema Farani ʻo Philibert Commerson. Noho ma Madagascar. Hānai nui ʻia ia i nā nalo.
- Pīpī lau Ridley mahele ma Asia Hikina Hema. Mālama ʻia i nā hui a 15 mau kānaka ma lalo o nā kalaunu o nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka naturalist Pelekane ʻO Henry Nicholas Ridley.
- Tridentus... ʻO lāua ʻelua ʻano o kēia hana, ethiopian a me ka maʻamaunoho i ʻApelika ʻĀkau. Liʻiliʻi loa ia - a i 6 cm ka lōʻihi, kaupaona ma lalo o 10 g. Akā he nui nā pepeiao ʻōlohelohe o nā ʻōpala, he waha ākea a me kahi iwi i ke ʻano o ka trident a puni ka ihu. ʻOkoʻa ke kala, akā hoʻomau ʻia i ke "kaila" o nā wao akua ʻApelika, mai ka hina a i ka brown, me nā hulu melemele a me ka ʻulaʻula.
Aia ka Rhinolophus subfamily i kahi ʻano inoa ʻōnaehana Horseshoe 1 me nā ʻano 63. ʻO nā mea kaulana loa o lākou:
- Holo lio nui... ʻO nā lunamakaʻāinana o ʻEulopa, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka nui loa. Aia ka nui o kona kino i 7.1 cm, aia ke kaumaha i 35 g. Hoʻonui ʻia ka wahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae holoʻokoʻa o Eurasia, e like me Sepania, Palani, ʻAsia Minor, Caucasus, Tibet, nā Himalayas, Kina a me Iapana. Lawe pio iki i ka ʻākau o ʻApelika. Loaʻa iā mākou ia ma ka ʻākau o Caucasus mai ke Teritori ʻo Krasnodar a i Dagestan. Ma waho aʻe o nā ana karst, nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua a me nā gullies o ka muliwai, ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma kahi kokoke i nā hale kanaka, ʻoiai ke kiʻekiʻe o 3500 m ma nā kuahiwi. Aia nā kolone mai kekahi mau ʻumi a i kekahi mau haneli mau kānaka. I nā hale hoʻoilo, pale ka mahana mai +1 a + 10 ° C. Hoʻonohonoho kaʻawale nā wahine i nā kāne.
- Holo lio liʻiliʻi... ʻOkoʻa i ka mea ma mua, ʻo kēia lunamakaʻāinana ka mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea a pau o ʻEulopa. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona kino ma mua o kahi pahu hoʻokūkū - a i 4,5 cm ka lōʻihi, a me ke kaupaona - a hiki i 9 g. Aia ka ʻēheu i 25 cm. Maliʻa paha, no ka nui o ka nui, alakaʻi lākou i kahi ola mehameha loa. Noho lāua ʻelua i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo e waiho kaʻawale ana i ka manawa ma mua o ka hānau ʻana o ka hoʻoilina.
Huhū ʻia lākou e nā holoholona he nui - martens, pōpoki, pueo, ʻākena. ʻAʻole wikiwiki lākou i ka lele, a ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi i ka eircocation ma mua o ka hihiʻo, no ka mea he wahi liʻiliʻi ko lākou o ka ʻike. Hoʻolilo lākou i ka ikaika i ka hopu holoholona ma mua o nā laha ʻē aʻe. Lele pinepine lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5 m. Hānau lākou i ke kauwela.
- Lio lio hema... Loaʻa ma ka hema o ʻEulopa, ka Hikina Waena a me ʻApelika komohana. Aia ʻo Lūkia ma ka papa inoa o kona mau ʻāina noho. Ua manaʻo ʻia he laha laha ʻole. I ke kauwela, helu nā hui mai 50 a 1500 mau kanaka. Piʻi nā kolone hoʻoilo a hiki i ka 2000 kope. Ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano lōkō ia e noho ana i nā ana, nā mines a me nā attics.
He hulu huluhulu kona i kahi leo hina hina. Ma ke kua - pala, ma ka ʻōpū - melemele māmā.
- ʻO Spectacled a i ʻole Horseshoe Megeli... ʻO kekahi inoa ʻo ka lio lio Romanian. Ua kapa ʻia ma hope o ka naturalist Hungarian ʻo Lajos Mecheli. I ka nui a me ke kala, noho ia ma ke ʻano he "gula" ma waena o nā ʻohana nui a liʻiliʻi. Aia kona kaumaha i 17 g, a ʻo kona nui a hiki i 6.4 cm.Ua mānoanoa ka huluhulu. ʻO nā pōʻai pouli a puni nā maka i ke ʻano o nā aniani kahi hōʻailona. Noho i ka hema o ʻEulopa, komohana hema ʻo ʻApelika a me ʻApelika ʻākau.
- Holo lio Kina Hema... No nā mea i luna aʻe, ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō i hoʻohanohano iā Rūsia. ʻO kona ʻāina ʻāina ʻo ʻAkia Hema: Kina, India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal. Ua pilikia nui kēia ʻano mai ka mākaʻikaʻi ana o ke ana a me nā hana a ke kanaka. Pale ʻia i loko o kekahi mau mālama kūlohelohe.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Ua koho nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa lio o ka Hemisphere Hikina o ko mākou honua. No kekahi kumu, ʻaʻole lākou i hui ma ʻAmelika a hiki i kēia manawa. Noho lākou ma ka hema o Eurasia, ʻApelika, Australia a me nā moku Pākīpika he nui. He mea nui ʻole ka ʻāina no lākou - hiki iā lākou ke noho i nā ululāʻau, nā kula, nā mauna a me nā wao akua.
ʻAʻole kāpae ʻia nā wahi i noho ʻia e nā poʻe mai kēia papa inoa. ʻO kahi lā maʻamau a lākou e lilo ai i nā hale malumalu - i nā ana, i nā lua, i nā mines a i ʻole nā hale like ʻole. He mau mea hui lākou, e ʻākoakoa nei i nā hui nui a hiki i nā haneli he nui.
I ka manawa o ka hiamoe, hoʻopuni lākou iā lākou iho i nā ʻeheu, e like me ke kapa moe, e wahī ana iā lākou iho iā lākou iho. I kēia manawa kāmaʻa lio ma ke kiʻi like me ka cocoon. Inā wela a anuanu hoʻi ke aniau no lākou, hibernate lākou. ʻO kahi laʻana, i ka hoʻoilo i nā latitude mahana a i ʻole i nā mahina wela i ka hema.
ʻO ka hiamoe o ke ao kahi o lākou. Inā hoʻopilikia ʻia, hana lākou i nā leo ʻoluʻolu ʻole, ʻano like me ke kolo. Hoʻonui ʻia i nā manawa he nui e nā leo i nā ana kani, hoʻoweliweli pinepine lākou i nā huakaʻi huakaʻi maikaʻi ʻole.
I loko o nā puke huakaʻi, ua ʻike mākou i nā wehewehe ʻana o nā opeapea i pili i ka lauoho o ka poʻe ke komo lākou i ko lākou ʻāina. ʻAʻole hiki ke hemo iā lākou, manaʻo ʻia hiki iā lākou ke koho i ka lauoho me ke kumu no ka pūnana o ka wā e hiki mai ana.
*ʻO ke kaʻao kaʻao ʻelua - kūkulu nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā pūnana. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ʻo ke kūkulu hale kā lākou leʻaleʻa punahele. ʻIke maʻalahi lākou i kahi puʻuhonua kūlohelohe a i ʻole no lākou iho. A hiki ke luʻu wale ka poʻe ke hele i kahi ana pouli kahi kolo kolo ma luna o ke kanaka me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻO kēia wale nō ka mea makemake iā lākou.
No laila, *kaʻao kaʻakolu - kau mau ʻiole i luna i lalo. Akā ʻepekema e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole ʻike iki iā lākou. Noho lākou i loko o nā kaha huna e like me nā manu ma kahi lālā.
Meaʻai kūpono
Liʻiliʻi loa ko lākou mau niho 32, ʻaneʻane ʻike ʻole ʻia mai nā gums. He paʻakikī ke nahu ma ka ʻili o kekahi mea ola me nā hāmeʻa liʻiliʻi. No laila, hoihoi wale lākou i nā mea liʻiliʻi - nā kolo. Hopu lākou iā lākou i ka lele.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole maʻamau, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻai i nā mea āpau - ʻaʻole lākou e ʻuwī i ka palaoa a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, a me nā kaupaku, nā aniani a me nā mea hao. Hana nā ʻiole Omnivorous i kēia. I ka ʻōlelo o ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka pili ʻana o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa i nā primates ma mua o nā rodents. A ʻaʻohe ʻano like o kā lākou ʻano. Maalea, sneakiness, elusiveness a me ka wiwo ʻole o nāʻiole maʻamau ʻaʻole i loko o lākou.
*ʻO ka moʻohe hā - like lākou me he ʻiole lele. A ma hope koke e hoʻihoʻi mākou a *kaʻao kaʻelimahe mea hōʻino kēlā ʻōpeʻapeʻa. ʻAʻole pololei kēia ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO ka hānai ʻana i nā mea kolo e hana nui loa i nā mea kanu, he mea maikaʻi wale nō kēia mau kaʻina lele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i hoʻokahi ahiahi, hiki i kēlā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ke ʻai i kahi hoʻokahi kaukani paha.
ʻO nā meaʻai nui o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa lio nā moth, a me nā makika, nā millipedes, nā lio, nā mea ʻai kumu, nā pusher, nā gadflies, nā lele a me nā Diptera, Lepidoptera a me Retinoptera. A ʻo nā punawelewele kekahi. Alualu hoʻokahi lākou, mālie ka lele a ʻaʻole wikiwiki loa. Akā maneuverable loa ia.
Hoʻopaʻa kekahi ʻano i nā meaʻai i ka lele, ʻoiai ke kau nei kekahi ma ka lāʻau no ka manawa lōʻihi, ke kali nei no ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. Ke ʻike nei, holo wikiwiki lākou i kahi alualu ʻuʻuku. Lele pinepine nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa lio maoli ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa i ka mānoanoa o nā mea kanu. I ka lele ʻana, hoʻopuka lākou i nā hōʻailona, a ʻaʻole kēia e pale iā lākou mai ka ʻai ʻana.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
I nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, hānau ʻia ka male ʻana i ka wā puna a i ʻole ka hāʻule ma mua o ka hibernation. Akā a laila hoʻomaka ka hua pepili ma hope o ka hoʻoilo wale nō, ke hiki mai ka mahana mahana ma ka puka. Lawe ka wahine i ka 1 cub wale no ma kahi o 3 mau mahina, ʻo ke kaupaona he hapaha wale nō ia o ke kaupaona o ka makuahine.
I ka mua, kau ʻo ia ma ke kino o ka makua, pili paʻa iā ia me nā māiʻuʻu, e omo ana i ka piko. Wehe ka pēpē i kona mau maka i ka lā 7, a hiki ke lele ma hope o 3 mau pule. Ma hope o 30 mau lā, hiki i ka pēpē ke ʻimi holoholona iā ia iho.
Hana ʻia ke ʻano makua i 2 mau makahiki. Akā i kekahi laha, ʻaʻole pālua nā wahine a 5 mau makahiki. Hoihoi ia kāmaʻa lio kiole no nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, he ola koʻikoʻi kona - ke kaukaʻi ʻia i nā ʻano, mai 20 a 30 mau makahiki.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Ka ono o nā kaʻao - ʻōpeʻapeʻa vampire. ʻEkolu wale nō o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa he 1200 i ʻike ʻia he vampires. ʻAʻole lākou i hui ma Rūsia a hiki i kēia manawa. Mai kā lākou lawai, hoʻomohala ʻia ka lāʻau "Drakulin", ka mea e pale ai i ke kāpili ʻana o ke koko. Hiki ke koi ʻia kēia kūlana kūikawā i kekahi mau ʻano lapaʻau.
- ʻO ka moʻohelu hiku - ʻōpeʻapeʻa, e like me ka nui o nā mea ʻimi i ke ao, makapō i ka lā. Akā ʻike maikaʻi lākou. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka hewa o kekahi o lākou, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā kānaka, no ka mea he "ʻike maka" hoʻi kā lākou - echolocation.
- ʻO ka walu o nā mele - ʻO nā ʻano he 63 o nā ʻōpeʻapeʻa lio, 4 i manaʻo ʻia he poʻe lawe i nā coronaviruses e pili ana i ka SARS (pneumatic atypical). A ʻo kekahi o lākou ka lio lio nui, i ʻike ʻia ma Lūkia. Minamina, i kēia manawa ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia kēia kaʻao. Akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kāhea ʻia ka mea i hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia.
