Ma nā hū kokoke i nā kahakai kahakai, i ka wai papau o nā kai he nui o ka Hikina Hikina, ke kahakai ʻAkelanika i ʻAmelika Hema, a me nā kai o Hikina Hema Asia, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i kahi mea relict ʻaʻole i loli i loko o nā miliona o kona ola ʻana.
Noho lākou i ka hohonu o ke kai ma mua o ka dinosaurs, ola i nā cataclysms āpau, a hoʻomau i ke ola i kēia lā i ko lākou wahi kamaʻāina. ʻOiaʻiʻo, o ka nui o nā pāpaʻi lio, ʻehā wale nō i ola, a ʻo ka hopena luku o ke kanaka ka mea i hōʻeha i ko lākou heluna kanaka.
Hōʻike o nā pā pā lio
Hiki i nā mea ola kahiko ke hūnā ʻokoʻa... Loaʻa i ka hau i ke one i ka makaʻu, lilo ia e like me ka pōhaku o kahi ʻano ʻē. ʻO ka mea wale nō i hiki ke hāʻawi aku i kahi pāpaʻi lio kahi huelo lōʻihi - he kuʻi me nā kihi i huehue ʻia, kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke kui ʻeha inā hele ʻoe me kou wāwae wāwae. No ka papa Merostomaceae ʻo Aquatic chelicerae. ʻAʻole i kapa ʻia kēia mau arthropods i nā pāpaʻi, akā ʻaʻohe mea e kapa iā lākou he nūhou, kahi kokoke loa lākou.
Helehelena
Māhele ʻia ke kino o ka pāpaʻi lio i ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻO kāna cephalothorax - prosoma - uhi ʻia me kahi pale ikaika, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hope, ka opisthosoma, he pale ponoʻī kāna. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea kaua ikaika loa, ʻo nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke kino he neʻe pūnaewele. He mau maka ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao, kahi lua e nānā ana i mua. ʻO nā mua o ka ocelli kokoke loa kekahi i kekahi a kokoke lākou e hui pū i hoʻokahi holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka pāpale lio i 50 - 95 cm, ke anawaena o nā pale - nā pūpū - a 35 cm.
Hoihoi ia! ʻEono pālua wāwae, mahalo i hiki i ka pāpaʻi lio ke neʻe i ka honua a ʻau i ka wai, paʻa a pepehi i ka mea pio, haki ma mua o ka ʻai ʻana, hūnā ʻia ma lalo o nā pale.
He mea nui ka huelo lōʻihi me nā ʻōniu jagged no ke au hakakā; hoʻohana ka pā lio i mea e mālama ai i ke kaulike, e ʻōwili ma kona kua a i hope, a pale aku hoʻi iā ia iho.
Hūnā ʻia ka waha e nā lālā pōkole ʻehā e hiki ai i ka arthropod ke hele wāwae. Kōkua nā mākana i ka pāpaʻi lio e hanu ai ma lalo o ka wai, a maloʻo lākou, hiki ke hanu i ka ʻāina.
Ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻia kēia holoholona mōʻī e ka poʻe Pelekania, e bapetizo ana iā ia he pā lio, no ka mea ʻo ka hapanui o nā mea āpau ke ʻano o ka lio i hoʻolei ʻia ma kahakai.
Hana, nohona nohona
Hoʻohana nā pāpaʻi lio i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola i ka wai ma kahi hohonu o 10 a 15 mau mika. Ke ʻimi nei i loko o ka silt, e nānā nā pāpaʻi lio i nā ilo, mollusks, carrion, kahi a lākou e ʻai ai, e ʻāhae liʻiliʻi ana a hoʻouna aku iā lākou i loko o kā lākou waha (ʻaʻole i loaʻa i nā pā pā lio i mau niho no nā makahiki miliona o ka evolution).
Hoihoi loa ke nānā aku pehea e kanu ʻia ai nā pāpaʻi lio ma ke one.... Kūlou i lalo ma kahi o ka cephalothorax i hele ai i loko o ka ʻōpū, hoʻomaha i kona mau wāwae hope a me ka huelo i ke one, me ka ʻaoʻao ākea o kona pūpū, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e "ʻeli", e ʻāwīwī ʻana i ke one a me ka silt, e hele ana i lalo hohonu, a laila peʻe ma lalo o ka mānoanoa. A ʻau pinepine ka pāpaʻi lio i ka ʻōpū i luna, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna pū ponoʻī ma kahi o ka "moku".
ʻO ka ulu nui ʻana o kēia mau mea o nā nui like ʻole ma kahakai hiki ke ʻike ʻia i ka wā hānau. Hele mai he tausani o lākou i uka, ke hōʻike nei i kahi ʻike kū hoʻokahi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo mau i kēia kiʻi me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole pēlā ka hana ʻana o nā mea āpau i mau makahiki he mau kaukani a me mau miliona i hala.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ka noʻonoʻo ka nui o ka hapa nui, akā he kakaikahi wale nō. Ua ʻike ka poʻe he hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano o nā arthropods kahiko. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia he mau kaukeke lio holo lio i mea e hānai ai i nā holoholona, nā mea hoʻomomona mai iā lākou, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hōʻikeʻike nui loa i kekahi mau wahi e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā kīʻaha exotic a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo. Ua lilo ka luku nui ʻana i ka mea i kēia lā ke kokoke nei e pau nā pāpaʻa lio.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO nā ʻano haneli he haneli i ʻike ʻia mai nā mea i loaʻa i ka archeological, nā mōʻalihaku, ʻehā wale nō i koe, akā nalowale paha lākou.
Wā ola
He lōʻihi ke ola o nā pāpaʻi lio no nā arthropods. Lilo lākou i poʻe mākua ma ka makahiki 10 wale nō, i ka nohona kūlohelohe e ola nei lākou a 20 mau makahiki, inā pale ʻia nā pilikia. I nā aquarium home, a ke hoʻomaka nui nei nā pāpaʻi lio e like me nā holoholona, emi ka nohona. Eia hou, ʻaʻole lākou e hānau i ka pio.
Kahi noho, nā wahi noho
Noho nā pāpaʻi lio ma ka hikina o ke kapakai o ʻAmelika Hema a me Central, ʻAsia Hema. Loaʻa lākou iā lākou ma ke kai kūʻono o Bengal, ma Borneo, kokoke i nā mokupuni ʻo Indonesia, ʻo Filipaina. ʻO Vietnam, Kina, Iāpana nā ʻāina kahi i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia ai nā pāpaʻi lio no nā ʻoihana ʻenehana, akā ʻai pū kekahi.
Aia ka wahi noho o nā pāpaʻi lio i ka mahana o ka wai. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ke anuanu, no laila noho lākou ma kahi o ka awelika o ka mahana mahana ma lalo o 22 - 25 kekelē. Eia hou, ʻaʻole lākou makemake i nā wahi hohonu loa, no laila noho nā pāpaʻi lio ma nā papa, papau. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke lanakila ma luna o nā mile he 10 o ke kai i mea e noho ai i nā panalāʻau hou me nā kūlana maikaʻi loa, e ʻōlelo, ma Cuba a i ʻole ka Caribbean, a ʻaʻole lākou he ʻauʻau maikaʻi loa.
Meaʻai, meaʻai pono
ʻO nā pāpaʻi lio he omnivorous, he mea kino, akā ʻaʻole lākou e hōʻole i ka limu... Hiki ke ʻai i ka ʻai o nā pāpaʻi lio, ka mea i ʻike ʻole i ka makaʻu o nā iʻa liʻiliʻi, nā ʻūlū, nā mollusks. ʻAi lākou i nā arthropods a me nā annelids. ʻO ka pinepine, hiki ke ʻike ʻia kekahi mau kānaka i ka manawa kokoke i nā holoholona kai nui make. ʻO ka haehae ʻana i ka ʻiʻo me nā pincer, nā ʻōpae lio e wili pono i nā ʻāpana a hoʻokomo i ka waha me nā paʻa o nā wāwae e pili pono ana.
Pono ka wili pono e kōkua i ka ʻai ʻana i ka meaʻai me ka wikiwiki, paʻakikī ka ʻōnaehana digestive o kahi arthropod. A i loko o nā aquarium o ka home, e ʻōlelo nā mea aloha i kēia mau nani, nā relic fossil i uhi ʻia me nā mea kaua ʻaʻole e hōʻole i nā ʻāpana o ka ʻiʻo a me ka sausage. Pono wale ia e nānā i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka oxygenation o ka wai, i ʻole e luku i nā pā lio.
Hoʻohua a me nā keiki
I ka wā o ka huki manu ʻana, heʻe he mau tausani mau pā lio i kahakai. ʻO nā wahine, ʻoi aku ka nui i ka nui, wikiwiki e hana i kahi pūnana no nā pēpē, a ke ʻimi nei nā kāne i kahi ipo wahine kūpono.
Lilo nā pāpaʻi lio i ke ʻano moekolohe ma mua o ka hala ʻana, he ʻumi mau makahiki ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, no laila ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā lunamaka nunui o nā laha i uka. ʻOi aku ka pololei, hele nā wahine i ke kahakai, a ʻo nā makuakāne e hiki mai ana ke heʻe pinepine i ka wai, paʻa i ka pūpū o ka wahine, e uhi ana i kona ʻōpū, me nā paʻa o mua.
Hoihoi ia! ʻEli ka wahine i kahi lua a waiho i 1000 mau hua i loko, a laila ʻae i ke kāne e momona iā lākou. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hua melemele paha nā hua, he mau milimita wale nō ka lōʻihi.
Hana ka wahine i ka lua aʻe, hana hou ke kaʻina. A laila hoʻi hou nā pā lio i ka wai a me nā hui puʻupuʻu - wāwahi nā kolone ma mua o ka hana ʻana aʻe. ʻAʻole kiaʻi ʻia nā paʻa nui, ua maʻalahi ka huamoa i nā manu a me nā holoholona e noho kokoke ana i nā kahakai.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapalua, puka mai nā ʻūlū liʻiliʻi mai nā puʻupuʻu e ola nei, ʻano like me ko lākou mau mākua, nona nā kino ʻelua ʻāpana. ʻAno like nā larvae me trilobites, nele lākou i kekahi mau pā o nā ʻenā a ua hoʻomohala pono ʻole i nā mea o loko. Ma hope o ka molt mua, lilo ka larva i mea like me ka pā ʻōmaʻomaʻo makua, akā ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, ma hope o ka nui o nā molts, e lilo ka pāpaʻi lio i kanaka piha.
ʻEnemi kūlohelohe
Pepehi pinepine nā hua a me nā larvae o nā pā pā lio i nā nuku o nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, a me nā moʻo a me nā pāpaʻi i kū ʻole i ka ʻai ʻana. Akā pale maikaʻi loa ka ʻōpelu makua, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe mea makaʻu iā ia mahalo i ka pūpū paʻakikī.
ʻO ke kāne a no kēia mau mea i lilo i predator weliweli loa... Ma ka pakele ʻana i nā pōpilikia o ka honua, nā loli, nā pā lio, mālama ʻia i ko lākou ʻano kumu, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale aku i ka "civilization". Ua hiki i nā poʻe ke loaʻa kahi hoʻohana no ka "live mass" e kolo ana i uka e hānau ai. ʻO ka hānai no nā holoholona a me nā moa, nā pāpaʻi lio o ka honua e momona i nā māla - ʻaʻohe palena o ke akamai o ke kanaka a me kāna hana hoʻomāinoino i nā mea āpau a me kēlā me kēia no kona pono ponoʻī.
Pale ʻole i kēia makaʻu, ʻaʻole hiki i nā pā lio ke holo a peʻe paha i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā tona a ninini ʻia i loko o ka mīkini paʻi. Hoʻohana ʻia nā pāpaʻi lio e like me ka maunu no ka iʻa nui, kahi e hoʻopōʻino nui ai i ka helu o nā laha. ʻO ka hoʻoweliweli wale nō o ka luku ʻia ka mea i hoʻokū i ka poʻe. I kēia manawa, ua emi ka helu o nā arthropods i mau haneli mau manawa.
Ua lilo nā ʻōpio i mea pio no ka iʻa meʻa, nā manu, nā manu lele he nui e ʻai i nā hua manu i ka nui, kahi e hoʻomaha ai ma nā kahakai, kahi e ukali ai nā arthropods no ka hānau ʻana. A ʻōlelo ka poʻe manu manu, ʻo ia kēia mau kahakai me ka manawa kūpono e hoʻomaha a me ka pāʻina puʻuwai e hoʻopakele i nā lāhui he haneli. No laila ke kuleana nui ka pāpaʻi lio lio i ka kaiaolaola o ka honua.
Pōʻino i nā kānaka
ʻO nā pāpale lio e nānā makaʻu loa: ʻo ka pūpū pulu e ʻālohilohi ana i ke one e like me ka mahiole, hiki i ka spike ke kuʻi i mea e ʻoki ai ka ʻili. Inā ʻoe e hehi ma luna o ke one, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻino wale i ka ʻili, akā hoʻopili pū nō hoʻi i ka ʻeha. No laila, ʻo ka hele wāwae wāwae ʻole kahi o kēia mau holoholona e waiwai ʻole ai. Akā i ka laulā, ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli nā pāpaʻi lio i ka poʻe. He mea pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo nā pāpaʻi lio e aneane i nā wahi āpau e mahalo ʻia ʻaʻole wale ma ke ʻano he meaʻai i kekahi mau ʻāina a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo pūpū.
Ua aʻo nui nā ʻepekema e aʻo ana i nā pāpaʻi lio ma nā mea i hala. Hiki iā mākou ke ʻōlelo i kēia mau arthropods i manaʻo ʻia he lālā make-hope, no ka mea ʻo ka loaʻa ʻole o nā loli, ka hoʻomohala, hoʻomohala e hōʻike nei ʻaʻohe mea e hiki mai ana kēia genus. Akā naʻe, ua ola lākou, ua hoʻopili i nā kūlana hou, me ka loli ʻole. Nui nā mea pohihihi paha a nā ʻepekema e hoʻonā.
Hoihoi ia! ʻO kekahi o lākou he koko polū. Lilo ia pēlā ke pili i ka ea, no ka mea ʻaʻohe hemoglobin i loko.
Akā pili ia i nā mana o waho, ka pale ʻana i ke kino mai nā microorganism haole, curtailing a pale i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi. No laila, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā mea e pili ana i ka make nui o kēia mau mea ola.
Hōʻike nā pāpale lio i ka maʻemaʻe o nā lāʻau e hoʻohana nei i ko lākou koko ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona... Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Hemolymph e hana i nā mea huli no ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe o nā lāʻau. Ma kahi o 3 pākēneka o ka poʻe e make i ka lawe ʻana i ka lymph. Eia naʻe, kiʻekiʻe loa ka ʻepekema waiwai o nā pā pā lio, kahi e huki ai i ka manaʻo i ka pilikia o kēia mau arthropods.
Heluna a me ke kūlana o kēia ʻano
I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻoiai ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e pale aku i nā pā pā lio mai ka luku ʻia ʻana o ka barbaric, aia kekahi mau hihia o ka make nui ʻana o nā arthropods kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai nā kahakai, kahi i kūkulu ai nā wahine i nā pūnana, kahi i hoʻopau ʻia nā papa kūlohelohe.
Hoihoi ia! I nā ʻāina he nui, pale ʻia nā pāpaʻi lio ma ke kānāwai, akā make nā holoholona i ka pane ʻana i nā loli i ke kaiapuni, ke komo o ke kanaka i ko lākou wahi maoli.
ʻO ka mea kupaianaha, ʻoiai i loko o ke pio ʻana, hanau hou lākou ke ʻike ʻia ke one i loko o ka aquarium mai ke kahakai ponoʻī kahi i hānau ʻia ai nā pā lio. Ma ke ola ʻana i nā makahiki he miliona o ka evolution, ʻaʻole pono e nalowale ka pāpale lio mai ke alo o ka honua.
