Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻAʻole makemake ka poʻe no ka hapanui i nā pepelu a mālama iā lākou me ka hoʻowahāwahā hoʻowahāwahā. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me mākou, nā poʻe noho kiʻekiʻe o ka honua, i ka maka mua he ʻano mua lākou, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, hoʻonāukiuki pinepine, i kekahi manawa ʻino hoʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka honua insect kahi ao holoʻokoʻa o nā mea kupaianaha i kūpono i ka peni o ka mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema.
Ma hope o nā mea āpau, he mana kūʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia mea. ʻO kahi laʻana, ka meʻe o kā mākou moʻolelo - holo kaʻa hoʻohele kolo hāʻawi ʻia e ke kūlohelohe me kahi waiwai hoihoi e hoʻohuli i kā lākou ʻano ponoʻī, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā ʻelele o ka papa o nā ʻelala a me nā arthropods ʻē aʻe, i mau zombie maoli. Pehea e hana ai kēia a no ke aha e pono ai nā mea holo, pono mākou e ʻike.
Hiki i kēlā mau mea ola ke liʻiliʻi, ʻike maka ʻole ʻia, ma lalo o 1 mm ka nui. Akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā pēpē, aia kekahi ʻano nui, e hiki ana i nā lōʻihi a hiki i ka 5 cm. I ka helehelena, ʻokoʻa loa nā mea holo. I ka nānā maka ʻole ʻana i nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi ʻano laha, hiki i kekahi ke kuhi hewa iā lākou no nā nalo maʻamau.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku kēia mau peʻahi, a ʻo waho hoʻi e like me lākou, akā ma kahi o ke kuʻikuʻi ma ke kua ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi ovipositor ʻike nui ʻia, kuhikuhi ʻia i ka hopena, pinepine like i ka nui, a i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe (i nā hihia kūikawā, 7.5 mau manawa ) o nā mea kolo ponoʻī, akā i kekahi mau mea liʻiliʻi loa.
Me ke kōkua o kēia ʻōpala, hoʻokau kēia mau mea i nā hua i loko o nā kino o kā lākou poʻe i hōʻino ʻia, a ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai iā lākou ke noho, hoʻomohala a hoʻomau i ko lākou lāhui. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hana ola o nā poʻe holo wāwae he mea pono mau no nā kānaka.
ʻOiai ʻoiaʻiʻo he weliweli loa lākou i nā parasite no nā arthropods, a no laila ua kapa ʻia lākou he wases parasite. Wahi a ka ʻōnaehana o nā meaola ola, pili lākou i ka ʻōpū ʻōpū. Hoʻopili kēia kauoha i nā nalo like, a me nā bumblebees, nā pi, nā lū. A no laila ua hoʻololi ʻia ʻo kēia nā ʻohana pili loa o ka poʻe holo.
ʻO ke kino o nā mea i hōʻike ʻia elongated i ke ʻano a kau i nā wāwae ʻeono lahilahi. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko kēia mau mea kolo, i lako me nā antennae lōʻihi, hoʻolōʻihi ʻia i mua e like me nā antennas.
Kōkua kēia mau mea iā lākou e ʻike i ko lākou wahi. Ka poʻe holo lio – hymenoptera, a no laila nā ʻelele o ka hapanui o nā laha he mau ʻili o ka membrane, elongated, aniani moakaka me ka ʻalani brownish a hina hina, i kaha ʻia me nā veins. Akā aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻēheu ʻole, like loa kēia me nā naonao.
ʻO nā holoholo ʻē aʻe, ma muli o ka nui o nā kala like ʻole i pili iā lākou, huikau pinepine me nā pi e pili ana, a me nā ʻano ʻelala ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea holo he ʻulaʻula, ʻalani, ʻike ʻia, onionio. Akā ʻo ka nui o ke kala o ke kino ka nui o ka ʻeleʻele, kōkua ʻia e nā ʻōlinolino, nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o nā hoʻololi.
Lawe i nā mea holo no ka peʻa, makaʻu pinepine ka poʻe i kā lākou ovipositor nunui, me ka manaʻo he pahi weliweli kēia, ʻawahia i nā kānaka. Akā hewa kēia manaʻo. Ma ke ala, nā wahine wale nō i loaʻa kēia mea weliweli, a ua hoʻonele maoli ʻia ka hapalua kāne, a me ka hiki ke hoʻomoe i nā hua.
Nā ʻano
ʻO ka laha ʻokoʻa o ia mau parasite he nui maoli. Aia he ʻumikūmālua mau ʻohana nui kahi e hoʻohui ʻia ai. ʻO ka helu o lākou iho ʻano o nā mea holo helu i nā haneli haneli. ʻAʻole hiki ke wehewehe iā lākou āpau, no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kamaʻilio ʻana ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau e pili ana i kekahi o nā hui maʻamau a ʻano hanohano paha o kēia mau ʻano ʻelala.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka chalcid superfamily, i kekahi mau ʻano a microscopic ka nui. Liʻiliʻi loa kekahi ʻano laha hiki ʻole ke ʻike iā lākou me ka maka ʻōlohelohe. A ʻaʻole ia he mea kānalua, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i ka 0.2 mm.
ʻOkoʻa ko lākou kala. Akā nā ʻano āpau āpau (manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o ka hapalua miliona o lākou i ke kūlohelohe, ʻoiai ʻo 22,000 wale nō o lākou i hōʻike maoli ʻia e nā biologists) hoʻokahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau: ke ʻano o nā ʻēheu, ʻelua wale nā uaua. Mai kahi manaʻo ʻepekema o ka manaʻo, hoihoi ia ʻano mea i ka parasitize ʻana ma luna wale nō o nā lunamakaʻāinana o ka holoholona, akā i nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka chalcid superfamily hoʻi, mahele ʻia i ʻohana, a ʻo kekahi o lākou e helu ʻia ma lalo. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua hoʻopili lākou iā lākou iho i nā ʻano he nui.
- Leucospids i ke kala, ʻeleʻele me nā kaha melemele a me nā kiko, a me ke ʻano o ke kino me kahi elongated, ʻōpū puʻupuʻu e like loa me nā nū, kahi, ma ke ala, parasitize lākou. Pōkole kā lākou antennae, akā kau ʻia ma luna o kahi poʻo nui. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano mea e ka maka, ma ka awelika ma kahi o 7 mm. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pū kekahi i nā pi, hōʻeha kēia mau mea holo i nā apiaries.
- Aphelinids, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, lilo i mea maikaʻi loa no ka mea luku lākou i nā aphids a me nā mea kolo kaulike. ʻAʻole lākou iʻoi aku ma mua o 5 mm i ka nui. He mau ā ikaika ko kēia mau mea ola, he poʻo i uhi ʻia, he ʻeheu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
- Hoʻohālikelike ka nui o nā Agonids i ka hui mua. I nā kāne o kekahi ʻano laha, ʻike ʻia ka underdevelopment o nā ʻeheu a me kekahi o ʻekolu mau pā wāwae i ʻike ʻia. ʻO lākou nā parasite mea kanu e hoʻokomo i kā lākou mau hua i nā fiku.
- ʻO nā Trichogrammatids nā pēpē o ka lōʻihi o ka millimeter. He mea maikaʻi loa kēia hui, no ka mea luku ia i nā mea kanu ahupuaʻa, i ka moth a me ke kāpena, i mea hoʻohui - nā puʻupuʻu, nā dragonflies, butterflies, beetles.
- Aphelinus. ʻO kēia ka inoa o ka genus o nā lunamakaʻāinana nui loa mai ka ʻohana aphelinid. ʻEleʻele kēia mau mea ola i kekahi mau hihia me kahi ʻano melemele. ʻO ka nui awelika o ia poʻe hoʻoholo he kenimika. I ka ʻike ʻana i kā lākou pono no nā mea kanu hortikultural, lawe hewa ʻia kēia mau mea kolo i ʻEulopa mai ʻAmelika. Hoʻopau lākou i nā aphids koko a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hua wale nō a lākou e waiho ai i loko o kā lākou mea pōpilikia, ke ulu lākou, lilo ia i mummy maloʻo.
- ʻO ka hua plum ma kahi o 3 mm ka nui. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo kona kino, pena ʻia nā antennae a me nā wāwae i melemele. Hōʻike ka inoa ponoʻī ʻo ia ʻano meaola nā mea kanu kīhāpai. Ma waho o nā plum, hoʻopili lākou i nā hua o ka ʻāpala a me nā lāʻau pear.
- ʻO ka plum mānoanoa he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele me nā wāwae melemele, ma kahi o 5 mm ka nui. Hoʻomoe ia i nā hua i loko o nā plum, nā apricots, nā cherry, nā cherry, pinepine pinepine i nā plum cherry a me nā ʻalemona, kahi e luku ai iā lākou. ʻAʻole ʻelua mau ʻeheu o kēia mau mea ola, akā hoʻokahi aʻa.
I kēia manawa e hoʻolauna mākou i kekahi o nā lālā o nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe kānalua he nui a like ʻole lākou e like me ka honua holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa. Pono ka hapa nui o kēia poʻe holo lio. Kōkua lākou i nā mea kanu he nui a hoʻokuʻu i ke kaiapuni mai nā pest.
- He holo ʻeleʻele ʻo Rissa, akā me nā kaha melemele ma ka ʻōpū, he ovipositor nui kona. ʻO kēia kahi ulu nahele e hoʻopili i nā mea ʻino nā lāʻau: nā huelo horny, nā nalo, barbel a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Kuhi ʻo ia i nā mea i hōʻino ʻia e ka pilau, a ʻai nā larvae iā ia e kā lākou mea i loko.
- ʻO Panisk e like me ka makika ʻeleʻele nui me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. Pale i nā mea kanu cereal e ka parasitizing i kā lākou mau mea ʻino. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻopili ia i nā ʻenuhe moth me kāna mau hua.
- He holo nui ʻo ʻEpialtes ka Emepera, ʻoiaʻiʻo ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kona kino i ka nui o 3 cm, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ovipositor. Loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻōpū ʻulaʻula ʻeleʻele elongated, kino ʻeleʻele a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula. Hoʻopau i nā meaola lāʻau.
Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻōnaehana i nā poʻe holo wale ma o nā laha a me nā ʻohana. Ma ke ʻano he parasites, hui ʻia lākou e like me ke ʻano o ka maʻi ʻana i ka poʻe i loaʻa. Maanei e noʻonoʻo ʻia ʻaʻole weliweli nā mākua no nā mea i hōʻino ʻia.
ʻAʻole komo pono nā mea hoʻouka i ka luku, akā ʻo kā lākou mau hua wale nō, e hoʻomohala i loko a i waho o nā mea i kapa ʻia he poʻe hoʻokipa a hānai iā lākou. A no laila, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i nā hui o ka poʻe holo, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia, nā ʻano āpau o lākou he parasites:
- hoʻopili ka ectoparasites i kā lākou paʻa lima ma waho o ke kino o ka mea i hoʻomake ʻia a waiho wale paha iā lākou ma kahi o kāna mau hua, a hoʻopili i nā mea ʻino e hūnā hohonu ana i loko o nā lāʻau a me nā hua
- hana nā endoparasite i kā lākou paʻa i nā kinona kūloko o ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia, ulu ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kā lākou larvae ma mua o ka hui o mua, akā i ko lākou ulu ʻana, haʻalele pinepine lākou i nā mea hoʻokipa ma waho wale nō, a puni ka hakahaka, ka pūpū, ʻai ʻia nā ʻaoʻao āpau.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
ʻAʻole i loaʻa wale i ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ka inoa kapakapa "holo kaʻa". Ke kau nei i kā lākou mau hua, ʻo kēia mau mea kolo, me he mea lā, kau i ka poʻe o lākou i mōʻī ʻia, ke kau nei i luna ma luna o lākou. Hoʻohui ʻia ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ke kanaka makua i ka makemake e hoʻomau i kāna heihei, no laila he ʻimi pau ʻole ia no nā mea lawe (kūpono) kūpono, hānai a hānai ʻana i kā lākou keiki, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia o kā lākou makemake.
Hana nui nā mākua i ka hana ikaika i ka pō. I nā mahina mehana, mālama lākou i nā wahi noho maikaʻi ʻole kokoke i nā kino wai, noho pinepine i nā wahi i waena o nā mauʻu pua, ʻoi aku nā mea kolo kūpono - nā mea hiki ke loaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ke kaiapuni o nā poʻe holo kaukaʻi ʻia i ka wahi o ka hāʻawi ʻana o nā mea lawe i kahi e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai kēia ʻano.
Inā he nui kupaianaha ko nā lunamakaʻāinana o kekahi ʻano a i ʻole ke ʻano ovipositor huikau loa, a laila mamao loa kēia mai kahi pōʻino. ʻO kēia ka mea e pono ai kēlā mea pono i ke kauoha, no ka laʻana, e hou i kahi papa mānoanoa o ka ʻili lāʻau, kahi i kanu hohonu ʻia ai ka larva beetle mai nā prying eyes. I kēia hihia, lilo ka ʻōnaehana o ka mea holo i loko o kahi rig drilling maoli i hoʻolako ʻia me kahi drill ʻoi. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia ʻona i ka mea i koho ʻia.
Hoʻopilikia nā poʻe holo i nā meaola sedentary me ka ʻole o ka paʻakikī, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale kūʻē. Akā ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kekahi, no ka mea, ʻo kekahi manawa, ʻo nā nalo nunui a me nā moʻo huelo ʻawa ka mea i hoʻouka kaua ʻia. Pono nā poʻe hoʻoholo i nā ʻano hihia e hoʻohana i ko lākou koa, dexterity a i kekahi manawa ke akamai.
Eia nō naʻe, no kēlā mau hihia, ua hāʻawi ke ʻano i kēia mau parasite me nā hiki kūikawā. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻopili wale ʻia kahi ʻāpana nui o ka lāʻau make lōlō e hōʻoluʻolu i ka pahu hopu. I kekahi mau hihia, hana hypnotize ka poʻe holo i kā lākou mea i hōʻeha ʻia a pēlā e kaohi a kuhikuhi ai i kā lākou hana.
Ke hoʻopili nei i nā ʻenuhe moth, kekahi ʻano laha o nā nalo e hoʻonoho i kā lākou mau hua i loko o kā lākou meaola o loko. Eia hou, hoʻomohala nā larvae ma laila, ʻai i ka wai momona, a ke ulu lākou, puka lākou i waho a lawe ʻia e ka ʻili.
He mea weliweli ia i ka manawa e hoʻāʻo nei nā parasites e haʻalele i ke kino o ka mea hoʻokipa a wili i kā lākou cocoon, e hoʻopili ana iā ia i nā lālā a i ʻole nā lau, ʻaʻole e lele hauʻoli ka ʻenuhe zombie, akā noho pū me nā mea hoʻomāinoino iā lākou i mea e pale aku ai iā lākou mai nā mea komo hewa o ka poʻe ʻaihue
Lilo ʻo ia i kiaʻi kiaʻi me ka wiwo ʻole, e hoʻoweliweli ana i kona ola iho, holo wikiwiki i nā ʻōpala a me nā mea kolo weliweli ʻē aʻe. No ke aha e hana ai nā ʻenuhe i kēia, a pehea e hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa ai ka poʻe holo i kā lākou makemake i ko lākou mau pono, ʻaʻole i maopopo piha.
Akā no ka nui o nā mea i make i ka zombie e mālama pono nā mea holo i ke ola kūleʻa a hoʻolaha. Ma hea ʻaʻole ola ka mea holo, ke ola kūleʻa kēlā mau pepelu a puni ka honua, e aʻa i nā wahi he nui a ʻike i nā halihali i nā wahi āpau, no ka mea a lākou e hoʻohua ai.
ʻAiʻai Pono
Ua akāka nā ala weliweli o ka hānai ʻana i nā larvae o ia mau mea ola. I ka manawa a lākou e kō ai mai nā hua a hoʻomaka e hoʻomohala, ua maopopo mua i ko lākou mau mākua ua lawa kā lākou meaʻai. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole ʻeha nui nā meaola āpau iā lākou. ʻAʻole lākou e ola wale nō, akā ulu, hoʻomohala a hānai, i ka manawa mua e ʻike iki i ka ulu ʻana o kahi parasite i loko o lākou. Akā i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa, kali ka hopena weliweli iā lākou.
ʻO kahi laʻana, nā larvae mai ka ʻohana o braconids, hana loea i nā ʻenuhe, ma ka hopena o kā lākou hoʻokumu ʻana waiho wale i ka ʻili o ia mea, pau loa ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao o kā lākou mea hoʻokipa. I ka wā mua, hoʻopau wale nā parasite e hoʻomohala ana i ka momona wale nō, e hōʻemi ana i ka mea hoʻokipa, akā laila hoʻohana ʻia nā mea nui no ke ola.
ʻO kekahi ala a i ʻole ʻē aʻe, parasitize āpau o nā ʻano o nā mea holo. Akā hoihoi ia i kekahi mau manawa ʻaʻole ʻai nā mākua i kekahi mea. Eia nō naʻe, pono i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i ka meaʻai. I kēia hihia ʻai ka mea holo aiʻole nā huna mai nā mea kolo ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole nectar a i ʻole pollen mai nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Ma hope o ke oʻo ʻana i ke kanaka makua, ʻaʻole e ola lōʻihi nā mea holo, ʻo ka maʻamau ma mua o ʻekolu mau mahina. A i nā manawa wale nō, i ka manawa o ka pau ʻana o kā lākou hoʻokumu ʻana, hopu ʻia lākou e ke anuanu, haʻalele lākou no ka hoʻoilo i hoʻoilo, a i ka puna e hoʻopau lākou i ko lākou ola a make. I kēia hihia, hiki i ko lākou ola ke hiki i nā mahina he ʻumi. Hele kēlā me kēia laha i ka hana kope i kēlā me kēia ʻano.
Ma hope o ka male ʻana, pono ka ʻāpana wahine ʻo Ephialt e ʻimi no kahi larva barbel kūpono i ka ʻili o kahi kumulāʻau. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, holo ʻo ia ma ke kumu a kāwili ma nā wahi āpau me kāna antennae. Mai kēia kani, ʻike ʻo ia i ka mea.
A laila, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻo ia i ka wahie me ka ovipositor, e kū ana ma kona mau wāwae hope, e wili nei e like me ke kiʻekiʻe. Lawe kēia hana i ʻelua mau hola. Ke hiki i ka larva i hūnā ʻia i loko o ke kumu, waiho ka parasite i hoʻokahi hua i loko.
ʻO ka helu o nā hua manu o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi mai ka ʻohana Braconid a hōʻea i 20 mau ʻāpana. ʻO Caterpillars, nā mea lawe nui a lākou, ua lōlō ʻia e ka lāʻau make. Ma mua o hoʻokahi lā ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana, ʻikea nā lūlū.
Hoʻopau lākou i nā pae a pau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā lā ʻelima, a hala nā lā ʻehā i kekahi mau lā ʻehā. Akā ke hoʻomohala wikiwiki nei, noho liʻiliʻi kēlā mau mea ola: kāne - ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 10 mau lā, a me ka hapalua wahine - hoʻokahi wale nō mahina.
Hiki i nā poachers nui ke hoʻopili i nā ladybirds ma ke kau ʻana i hua manu i loko. I kēia hihia, lohi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka helehelena, i kekahi manawa ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻekolu pule. ʻAi ia i nā mea hoʻopili a momona o ka bipi.
A i kekahi manawa haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kino, ʻaʻole naʻe ka mea i hōʻino ʻia. I kēia hihia, ʻūlū ka larva i nā aʻalolo motika a hōʻino i ka bipi. Eia kekahi, cocoon coil ma lalo ona. No laila, ma kahi o hoʻokahi pule e hala i ke kahua pupa, a laila hele a mau loa ka mea ʻeha i ka wā makua.
Pōmaikaʻi a hōʻino
ʻO Rider i kiʻi ʻia ʻano ʻē a pīhoihoi, aia koke kahi makemake e ʻike i ke kikoʻī. I loko nō o ka nui o ka pōʻino a kēia mau mea i lawe mai ai i nā arthropods pono a me kekahi mau mea kanu i mahi ʻia, maopopo leʻa kā lākou hāʻawi maikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiaola. Wahi a kekahi e luku nā pūʻulu lehulehu o kēia mau mea i 80% o nā mea ʻino.
A no laila, lawe ʻia kekahi o nā ʻano ma lalo o ka pale o ke kanaka, eia kekahi, ua māhelehele ʻia lākou. Maikaʻi nō hoʻi kēia no ka mea ʻaʻole pono nā luna hoʻokō ʻoihana e hoʻohana i nā kemika a me nā lāʻau ʻona e maunu i nā mea kolo weliweli - kā lākou lawe. I ka manawa like, mālama ʻia ke kaolaola a me ka ʻohi. A lawe ʻia mai kahi pōmaikaʻi e kahi pepeke, kahi i ka nānā mua ʻana ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāla iki i kahi aloha iki nona iho.
ʻO ka manawa pinepine, hānai ʻia nā mea holo i loko o nā hale waiho palaoa, e luku ana i nā pest pests. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā huahana meaʻai me kā lākou mau hua, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo nō, lilo i nā pohō, akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he mea nui ʻole ia.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Inā hoʻopili ka mea holo i nā meaola nui, a laila ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i hoʻokahi hihia o nā mea ʻehā, ʻoiai e ʻehaʻeha loa ia, ke ola nei nō ia. I kekahi manawa koho ka parasite i ka parasite like ma ke ʻano he lawe. ʻO kēia kahi parasite kauoha ʻelua.
Aia kekahi kolu a me ka hā.ʻO nā kolo e lawe ana i kahi ʻano parasitism multi-stage i kapa ʻia ʻo superparasites. ʻO kahi mea hoihoi e pili ana i kēlā mau ʻeneto, i ka hoʻohui i ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, pono e hoʻohui pū ʻia.
Moe i ka hibernate, piʻi piʻi papaʻu i ka lepo a i ʻole ka lāʻau lāʻau. Nui lākou i ka hāʻule a i nā puʻu o nā lau hāʻule. Puhi ka poʻe iā lākou, e like me ka ʻili lāʻau kahiko, ʻeli i ka lepo, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole i ka pūʻali koa o nā hoʻonohonoho kanu pono a lākou e luku nei. A laila, me ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka wela o ke kauwela, pūʻiwa lākou no ka nui o nā pests o nā māla a me nā ʻāina mahiʻai i hānai ʻia.
ʻO nā wahine Plastigaster ka mea poʻokela ma waena o nā mea holo ma ka helu o nā hua i hana ʻia i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻO kā lākou helu, kau pinepine ʻia i nā larvae a me nā hua o ka lele ʻo Hessian, hiki i ʻekolu tausani. He hōʻailona maikaʻi loa kēia o ka poʻe holina holomua i kekahi manawa.
ʻAʻole wale ka nui o nā keiki Ageniaspis, akā hoʻomohala nō hoʻi i kahi ala akamai loa. ʻO ka hua manu o kēia mau mea, parasitizing ma ka pulelehua ʻōpala, ke komo ʻana i kahi ʻenuhe ʻōpio, paʻa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ke kali nei no ka manawa ke ulu a lawa ka mea hoʻokipa. Akā hiki wale mai kahi manawa maikaʻi, ʻo ka hua manu, me he mea lā hoʻokahi wale nō, pahū, hoʻokuʻu i ʻelua haneli parasite i ka mālamalama.
ʻO nā poʻe holo nīnū (ʻo ia ka mea e like me nā naonao i ka nānā aku) parasitize ma ka karakurt a me nā tarantula, kahi e hāʻawi nui ai i ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka heluna kanaka o kēia mau weliweli, nā lāʻau ʻawaʻawa ʻono loa. A hana ʻia e like me kēia. Hoʻopuni nā kolo i kā lākou mau hua i loko o ka cocoon a kali i nā keiki.
I kēia manawa, hūnā kekahi mea holo lio i loko o ka hale o kēia mea make ʻewalu mau wāwae, kū i ke kōkō a hoʻopiha iā ia me kāna mau hua, a ʻai koke i nā mea o loko. ʻO ka pūpū wale nō o ka cocoon e paʻa mau, a no laila ke kolo, ke nānā aku nei me ke kānalua ʻole i nā pohō, ʻoiai ke hoʻomau nei ke kali no ka hoʻopiha hou ʻana o ka ʻohana.
He kiʻi weliweli! Akā weliweli ka mea holo a ʻaʻole paha no mākou nā kānaka? E ʻōlelo kānalua mākou - ʻaʻole. No kēlā mau parasite, ʻaʻohe hoihoi o nā kānaka. ʻAʻole lākou i hoʻohana i kā lākou "sting" no ka pale ʻana a me nā hoʻouka kipi, akā no ka waiho wale ʻana i nā paʻa e hoʻomohala ʻole i nā māmela. A no laila, i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o kahi insect ʻano ʻē, keu hoʻi inā he nui ka nui me kahi ovipositor peʻa nui, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e makaʻu.
