ʻO Pintail ma ke ʻano he laha i wehewehe mua ʻia e ka naturalist Karl Linnaeus, nāna i kapa iā ia ʻo "Anas acuta", ʻo ia hoʻi "duck ʻoiʻoi" ma ka Lākina. He mau inoa ʻē aʻe kāna: pintail, tail tail, awl (obsolete). I ka honua o nā pintail, aia ma kahi o 5.5 miliona mau kānaka.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO Pintail ka lua o ka pepelu maʻamau ma hope o ka mallard. ʻOi iki ka haʻahaʻa iā ia i ka nui, ʻike ʻia ka pintail e kahi kino lōkahi a me kahi ʻāʻī elongated. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ke kino o ka wahine 50-57 cm, o ke kāne - 60-75 cm; ke kaupaona - 500-1000 g a me 600-1200 g. Pili ka laha ʻana o nā helu i ka wahi o ka noho a me ke kau.
Ua kapa ʻia ka inoa o ka pā duck ma muli o nā ʻēheu kihi a me ka huelo subulate ʻoi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hulu o ka huelo o ka drake hiki i 10 knm. Hōʻike ia iā lākou ke hana i kahi hulina moena a ke hoʻoweliweli i kahi hoa paio.
ʻO ka plumage o ka pintail wahine ʻaʻole e ʻālohilohi me ka nani: ua hoʻoali iki ʻia ke kala hina-ʻeleʻele o ka hulu me ka palena ʻulaʻula ma ka lihi. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i waena o nā ʻino muliwai ʻē aʻe e kona kino elongated a me ka ʻāʻī lōʻihi. Eia nō naʻe, akahai ka pintail-drake ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
Akā i ka wā o kēia au e hoʻololi ʻia. Kūkulu ka lole hānau o ke kāne ma ka ʻokoʻa o ka hina a me ka brown me nā kaha liʻiliʻi o keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻeleʻele. ʻEʻeleʻele ke poʻo a me ka ʻāpana luna o ka ʻāʻī, e ʻeleʻele ana ma ke kua o ke poʻo.
ʻElua mau kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo e iho mai nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke poʻo a i ka ʻāʻī a hui pū ma ka ʻāʻī, e hele ana i kahi ākea ākea ma waena o ka ʻōpū i ka hiʻu. Hoʻonani ʻia ke kua hina hina a me nā ʻaoʻao me kahi lauʻeleʻele e kahe ana. Hinahina nā uhi ʻēheu, hina hina nā hulu lele. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke aniani me ka palena brown brown.
ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o nā pūlū ma ke poʻo a me nā kaha ʻeleʻele ma o nā maka kahi ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa mai nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka leo o ka pintail o kahi drake i ka wā o ka moʻa he ʻano tonally. ʻO ka whist melodic ma nā nota kiʻekiʻe i mua e kahi ʻona.
Hana ke kani i nā leo like, hoʻolōʻihi i ka ʻāʻī i luna. Kuhi ʻia kahi ʻano ʻē e kāna teal pili, akā me ka ʻole o kāna. Kūleʻa ka wahine e like me ka ʻāpē kūloko, akā me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I loko o kahi pūʻulu drakes e walaʻau mau ana me ka leo nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe iā lākou i kahi mamao loa. Hāʻawi nā wahine iā lākou i kahi leo learse.
He mea hoihoi e nānā i ka pintail i ka lele. No ka haʻalele ʻana mai ka wai, ʻaʻole pono ʻo ia i kahi holo lōʻihi. Lele wikiwiki ʻo ia, ʻoiai e kīkoʻo ikaika ana i kona ʻāʻī, me he mea lā ke nānā nei i nā wahi, a ma mua o ka pae ʻana ua hana ʻo ia i kahi loop.
Ke hānai nei i ka wai pāpaʻu, makemake ka manu ʻaʻole e luʻu ma lalo o ka wai. Loaʻa iā ia ka meaʻai mai ka hohonu, e kīloi ana i kona poʻo i lalo. Neʻe ʻoi aku i ka ʻāina me ka wiwo ʻole ma mua o nā pēpē ʻē aʻe. Inā loaʻa ka pintail i ke kiʻi i ka hui o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, a laila ʻaʻohe mea kānalua e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i kāna mea, no laila ʻālohilohi kona helehelena.
Nā ʻano
Ma ka panalāʻau o Rūsia, aia he kanaha mau ʻano pato. Hoihoi ka hapa nui o lākou no ka lawaiʻa ʻana a me ka ʻimi holoholona ʻāmeʻa. Nā ʻano pākī o ke kahawai, me ka hoʻohui i ka pintail, e hoʻopili pū me:
- mea lawe hua laulā
- mallard
- kīʻaha
- ʻāpō hina
- wig
- kohola kohola
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāne muliwai āpau e kahi pae kiʻekiʻe ʻana i ka wai me kahi huelo i hāpai ʻia. Pili pū nā ʻohana pili o ka pintail i kahi hui ʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpā muliwai i noho ma nā mokupuni hema: pila melemele, ʻulaʻula, Kerguelen, barnacle (Bahamian) pintail. Ua manaʻo ʻia no kēia mau ʻaoʻao i hoʻokumu ʻia mai nā hui o nā pintail ʻākau, kahi i ʻauana aʻe mai ke ala neʻe aku a hoʻopau ʻia ma nā mokupuni.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kēia mau mokupuni, a hoʻemi ʻia ko lākou hiki ke lele. ʻAʻohe mea ʻokoʻa i ke kala o nā hulu ma waena o ka wahine a me ke kāne. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau i ka Buke ʻula. Ke emi wikiwiki nei kā lākou helu, a hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka ʻāpā Kerguelen i ka make ma muli o nā pōpoki hānai.
I ke kiʻi Bahamian pintail
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Uhi ka ʻāpana o ka pintail i kahi o 28 miliona km. Ua hoʻopuehu ʻia kona mau pūnana i loko o ka wai kai o Eurasia a me ʻAmelika Hema. Makemake e noho i ka tundra, ululāʻau, e hoʻokokoke ana i ke kahakai ʻo Arctic. ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻano i nā ulu lāʻau deciduous, i ka nahele-steppe a me steppe.
I Lūkia, noho ʻo pintail ma kahi o ka panalāʻau, e kāpae ana i nā wahi aia ma ka hema o Transbaikalia a me Saratov a me nā moku ʻo Voronezh no kāna mau wahi pūnana. No ka hoʻoilo, lele nā pintail i ʻApelika ʻAkau, ʻAsia Hema a me ʻEulopa Hema.
ʻO Pintails ka mea mua ma waena o nā ʻāpō e hoʻi i ko lākou homeland, ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ʻauhe hau, a i kahi manawa pōkole. Hiki i 20 mau hipa ke ʻike ʻia ma ka lani i ka manawa like. Hoʻokumu ka hapa nui o nā pālua i ka hoʻoilo. Ma hope o ka hōʻea ʻana i nā pūnaewele hoʻonohonoho, hoʻomaka ka pintail i ke kau moʻo.
I mea e ʻoluʻolu ai i ka wahine, ka drake, me nā plumage catchy, hoʻohana i nā hana hōʻikeʻike. Ma ka wai, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻo ia i kona nuku, me ka hāpai pū ʻana i kona kino i luna, a hoʻolei i kona poʻo i luna me kahi neʻe nui. Piʻi kahi wailele o nā kaha a puni ona.
I ka lewa, lele nā kāne me kahi ʻohana huʻupuʻu ʻano haʻahaʻa ma luna o ka wai, e lele ikaika ana i ko lākou mau ʻeheu i ka wā o ka lele. I kekahi manawa hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui lākou i kā lākou huelo i lalo, me he mea lā e heʻe ana. Ma ka honua, hāpai ka drake i kona ʻeheu i mua o ka wahine, hoʻolei i kona ʻāʻī i hope loa. Hoʻopā ia i ka plumage me kona nuku - loaʻa kahi kani rattling.
Lawe ka ʻūlū i ka drake āna i makemake ai i ka ʻaoʻao mai nā kāne o kēia wā. Ke ʻimi nei nā wahine ʻo Pintail i nā nalo hūnā no ka pūnana ʻana mai kā lākou pūnana ponoʻī mai, kahi a lākou i kū ai. Aia ka pūnana ma kahi o hoʻokahi kilomita mai ke kahawai, pono ma ka honua i kahi puka liʻiliʻi ma waena o ka mauʻu mauʻu o ka makahiki i hala a i ʻole nā ulu ʻohe.
Hāʻawi ʻia ka makemake i nā waihona wai me nā wahi pāpaʻu a 30cm ka hohonu, ulu ʻia me ka mauʻu haʻahaʻa. Hōʻalo nā duck i nā loko ulu ulu ulu nui ʻole. Aia nā pūnaewele e waiho kokoke ana i ka waihona wai, ma nā wahi kai i ʻike ʻia, e pōpilikia ʻia e nā wai kahe.
ʻAʻole wehewehe ka ʻohana i nā palena o kāna kihi a ʻaʻole hōʻike i nā kuleana ʻāina i kona mau hoalauna. ʻO nā manu ʻo Pintail social a me sociable, ʻaʻole naʻe e hele hewa i nā hipa nui. Hoʻākoakoa pū kekahi mau haneli mau kānaka i ka manawa o ka neʻe ʻana. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kāne e ka pīhoihoi i ka wā o ka molting.
I ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela, noho nā wahine ma ka lālau, a ʻākoakoa nā drakes i nā wahi i pale maikaʻi ʻia ma waena o nā mānoanoa o nā mea kanu kahakai ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa o nā kahawai a me nā loko. Hoʻopili ʻia lākou e nā wahine i loaʻa ʻole he pālua a ua lilo paha kā lākou paʻa lima. I nā wahine, hoʻopaneʻe ʻia ka molting a hoʻomaka ma hope o ka hulu o nā ʻūlū. ʻAʻole nalowale ko lākou hiki ke lele.
Meaʻai kūpono
Ma ka laulā, hiki ke kapa ʻia ka meaʻai o ka ʻāpala pintail i kāwili ʻia. I nā wahi ʻākau o ka laulā, ʻo predominates ka meaʻai o nā holoholona, ma nā wahi hema, kahi i ulu ai nā mea kanu. Pili ka papaʻai i ke kau.
Hele ʻo Pintail i ka hānai holoholona i ka wā puna. Loaʻa kēia i ke ʻano o nā larvae o chironomids a me nā lele caddis, a laila nā mollusks o nā mea lawe ola, nā pulu loko, a me nā lele caddis. ʻAʻole hoʻowahāwahā ka manu i nā crustacea liʻiliʻi, tadpoles, leech. ʻAi ka ʻāpō i nā kahawai liʻiliʻi o kahi waihona i loko o ka wai pāpaʻu.
Lawe ʻo ia i ka meaʻai me ka luʻu ʻole ʻana, akā e kau ana ma luna o kona poʻo. ʻO kona ʻāʻī lōʻihi e ʻae iā ia e kiʻi i ka meaʻai mai kahi hohonu ʻoi aku ma mua o nā pēpē ʻē aʻe. ʻIke pehea e ʻū ai i ka meaʻai mai ka wai. E like me nā ʻāpō a pau, ʻo ka pintail kahi ʻano hoʻonohonoho no nā waihona wai, e luku ana i nā larvae mosika a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka duckweed.
I ka hāʻule, lanakila ka mahele o ka ʻai ʻana o ka mea kanu. ʻAi ʻia nā lau, nā koʻokoʻo, nā aʻa o nā mea kanu wai a me kahakai: duckweed, nymphaean, tuber, sedge. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻanoʻano o highlander a me millet. I ka hoʻoilo, kipa nā pato i nā mahinaʻai ma hope o ka ʻohi ʻana i nā sereala.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
Hiki i ke kāne a me ka wahine ke oʻo i ka moekolohe 12 mau mahina ma hope o ka hānau ʻana. Ma hope o ka male ʻana, hoʻomaka ka wahine e hoʻomākaukau i ka pūnana ma kahi i koho ʻia. He maʻalahi ka pūnana o ka pintail; ʻaʻole komo ka ʻōpala i ka lalo o ka fossa.
Me kāna paws, lūlū ʻo ia i kahi kaumaha 22-28 knm ākea i ka honua a hoʻopuni iā ia me kahi ʻaoʻao o ka mauʻu maloʻo a i lalo. E pono lākou ma hope no kahi e pale ai i ka wā e ukuhi ʻia ai ka ʻūlū no ka manawa pōkole mai ka waiho ʻana. ʻO ka paʻa piha o 7-10 mau hua melemele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i nā hua manu i loko o hoʻokahi pule a ʻoi iki paha. Hōʻike nā Duckling i nā lā 22-24.
I kekahi mau hola ma hope mai, holo wiwo ʻole nā moa hatch, a alakaʻi ka makuahine iā lākou i ka waihona wai no ka hānai ʻana. ʻAʻole maopopo i nā ʻāpōpō pehea e kīkiʻi ai: hānai lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā larvae a me nā mea kolo mai ka papa o ka wai. Ma hope o ʻelua mau pule, loaʻa ke kaumaha e like me ka hapalua o ka nui o kahi manu makua, a hele mai nā hulu e pani i ka lalo.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻōpio ʻōpio i kahi lele hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka mahina a me ka hapa, a ʻoki koke ke keiki.
Luku pinepine ʻia nā pūnana puka e nā ʻalopeke, nā ʻino, a me nā gopher. ʻO nā manu lele - muries a i ʻole nā limu o ka iʻa kai - hoʻoweliweli nui hoʻi i ka pua. Wahi a nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole, 32% -68% wale nō o nā moa e ola. Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi, hiki i ka wahine ke waiho i ka lua o ka paʻa.
Kū ka maka o nā pēpē makua i ka weliweli kūpono mai nā predators nui aʻe: lynx, hawk, gyrfalcon. ʻAʻole pono mākou e poina he ʻāpana hahai holoholona kēia. I ka Netherlands, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kahi moʻolelo no ke ola o ka pintail - 27 mau makahiki a me 5 mau mahina.
Huli ʻīpuka
Alualu lākou i ka pintail me kahi ʻīlio i hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā ʻia a i ʻole kahi hoʻohālua me nā dummies a me kahi ʻāpala hoʻopunipuni. Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe ʻimi ʻimi holoholona i ka paʻakikī i ke kī ʻana i kēia manu. ʻO ia, ʻaʻole like me nā ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, hemo me ka holo ʻole a lele koke.
Ke hoʻolālā ʻana i kahi alualu, he mea nui e noʻonoʻo i ke anilā. I kahi lā ʻōpua a me ka makani, lawe ʻia ka ʻimi kī pintail mai kakahiaka a ahiahi. Ke hoʻāʻo nei e loaʻa i kahi kahi peʻe, lele kiʻekiʻe ka manu a lilo i mea maʻalahi. I ke aniani moʻo, malie, ʻo nā makahiki pehu wale nō i ka wanaʻao a me ka wanaʻao.
ʻO ke kahakaha ʻana i nā hua, nā huskies, nā spaniels maikaʻi loa no ka ʻimi holoholona ʻana. Holo lākou ma kahakai i mua o ka mea nona a honi i ka manu, hāʻawi iā ia i kahi leo. ʻO ka pana pinepine wale nō ka ʻeha o ka pā, a hiki ke peʻe i nā nāhelehele. Eia ke kuleana o ka ʻīlio i hiki ʻole ke pani ʻia.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻimi no ka pintail mai kahi hale camouflaged maikaʻi i nā mānoanoa ma ka palena me ka wai. Ma mua o kona kūkulu ʻia ʻana, pono ʻoe e alakaʻi i kahi ana o ia wahi. Hāʻawi ke alo o nā ʻāiki i nui o nā hulu ma luna o ka wai a me ka nui o nā duckweed.
Noho mau ka pintail ma luna o ka wai e kūʻē i ka makani, no laila pono ʻoe e noho i kahi malu e kū pono ana i ka makani, a pono e hoʻokau i ka hale ponoʻī i maʻalahi e kiʻi i kahi manu haki i lalo.
Hoʻopili kokoke ʻia ʻo Pintail i kahi puʻuhonua me kahi ʻāpua hale hoʻopunipuni, i nakinaki ʻia i ke kaula lōʻihi. No ka mea persuasiveness nui aʻe, hoʻonoho ʻia nā ʻikepili a i ʻole nā ʻūlū ukana kokoke. 5-10 dummies ua lawa. Hoʻonui kēia ʻenehana i nā manawa kūpono o ka huli kūleʻa.
E hoʻomanaʻo ia i ka wā o ka puna, hoʻomākaukau ka wahine pintail no ka helehelena o ka pua, ʻaʻole hiki ke alualu ʻia i kēia manawa. Hiki i kahi decoy ke pani i ka decoy, e pane maoli ka drake i ke kāhea, mai hoʻohana wale i kahi uila - pāpā ʻia ia.
Ke ʻimi pālū, paipai ʻia e hoʻohana i ke kī ʻana mai # 3 a # 5, kaukaʻi ʻia i ke kūlana. Hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka manu haki ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka huli. I ke alo o kahi ʻīlio, hiki i ka mea hahai holoholona ke ʻohiʻohi i nā pā he nui aku ma mua o kona kī ʻana i nā pū. Lawe ka ʻīlio i nā mea pio a pau i loaʻa i loko o kā lākou mānoanoa.
Mea nui! Pono pono e māka i kahi o ke komo ʻana i nā poho nui, e waiho ana i nā hōʻailona ma ke ala e kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻi. E pono ka panana i kāu pono.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
- Aia kekahi ʻike e pili ana i ka pūnana ʻana o ka pintail ma kahi o kahi kahawai a i ʻole he loko i loko o nā palena o nā kūlanakauhale nui. Lele aku kekahi poʻe koa i nā wahi noho kokoke no ka hānai ʻana.
- Hiki i kahi ʻūlū i ka wā o ka lele ke holo wikiwiki i 80 km / h.
- Haʻalele ke kāne i ka pūnana no ka maikaʻi i ka hapa mua o ka hoʻouluulu ʻana a hele i molt. E hui wale ʻo ia me ka wahine i ka wā hoʻoilo.
- Hāpai ka molt piha i ka manu i ka hiki ke lele ma muli o ka nalo o ka lele a me nā hulu o ka huelo.
- I ka hopena o ka incubation, ʻaʻole haʻalele ka pintail i ka pūnana. I ka hihia o ka makaʻu, ninini ka ʻūpē i ka lepo wai ma luna o nā hua.
- I UK, ʻaʻole neʻe ka heluna kanaka o ka pintail.
Ma muli o kāna ʻono momona a me ka ʻole o nā kapu ma ke kī ʻana, makemake nui ʻia ʻo pintail i waena o nā mea ʻimi holoholona. A ʻoiai ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ka make ʻana i nā laha he nui, pono e pale ʻia ka manu mai nā hana kanaka noʻonoʻo ʻole.
