Ka ikehu ʻole kuʻuna - ma luna ona e nānā nui ʻia ai ka honua holoʻokoʻa i kēia manawa. A maʻalahi maʻalahi e wehewehe. ʻO ke kai kiʻekiʻe, ke kai haʻahaʻa, ka heʻenalu kai, nā kahe o nā muliwai liʻiliʻi a nui, ka māpuna magnet o ka Honua a ʻo ka hopena o ka makani - aia nā kumuwaiwai pau ʻole o ka ikehu, a me ka ikehu a me ka ikehu hou, a he kuhi hewa nui ka lawe ʻole ʻana i kēlā makana mai ka Mother Nature. ʻO kekahi pono o ia ikehu ka hiki ke hāʻawi i ka uila uila i nā wahi mamao, e ʻōlelo, nā wahi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kauhale taiga mamao, i nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, kēlā mau wahi kahi e pono ʻole ai e huki i ka laina uila.
Ua ʻike anei ʻoe ʻaʻole pili ka 2/3 o nā panalāʻau o Lūkia i ka ʻōnaehana ikehu? Aia kekahi mau wahi kahi i hele ʻole ai ka uila, a ʻaʻole nō kēia he mau kauhale ʻo Far North a i ʻole Siberia pau ʻole. ʻO ka uila, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i hoʻolako ʻia i kekahi o nā noho o nā Ural, akā ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia mau wahi he maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i ka ikehu. I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole pilikia ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i nā wahi noho mamao, no ka mea paʻakikī ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi noho kahi ʻaʻohe rivulet a ma kahi liʻiliʻi paha o kahi kahawai liʻiliʻi - eia ke ala i waho. Aia ia ma kēlā kahawai, ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka muliwai, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi wahi uila uila.
No laila he aha kēia mau mea kanu liʻiliʻi a liʻiliʻi? ʻO kēia nā mea kanu uila liʻiliʻi e hoʻohua i ka uila ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahe o nā kumuwaiwai loaʻa kūloko. Manaʻo ʻia nā mea kanu uila Hydroelectric he mea liʻiliʻi me ka hiki ma lalo o 3 tausani kilowatts. A pili lākou i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻomaka kēia ʻano ikehu e hoʻomohala wikiwiki i nā makahiki he 10 i hala. ʻO kēia, e pili ana me ka makemake e hoʻokau i kahi pōʻino o ke kaiapuni e like me ka hiki, ʻaʻole hiki ke pale ʻia i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu uila nui. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, hoʻololi nā waihona wai nui i ka ʻāina, luku i nā wahi hānau maoli, ālai i nā ala neʻe no ka iʻa, a ʻo ka mea nui loa, ma hope o kekahi manawa e lilo lākou i wahi poho. Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ikehu liʻiliʻi me ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka ikehu i nā wahi paʻakikī a hiki i kahi kaʻawale, a me ka uku wikiwiki (i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki) o nā hoʻopukapuka.
ʻO ka maʻamau, kahi SHPP (mea kanu uila uila liʻiliʻi) he mea hana, turbine a me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele. Hoʻokaʻawale pū ʻia nā SHPP e like me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana, ʻo kēia nā kikowaena wai paʻa me nā waihona wai i noho ʻole ma kahi ākea. Aia nā wahi i hana me ka hana ʻole ʻia o kahi wai, akā ma muli o ke kahe noa o ka muliwai. Aia kekahi mau kikowaena no ka hana e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā kulu wai e kū nei, kahi kūlohelohe a i ʻole hana hewa paha. ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā kulu kūlohelohe i nā wahi mauna, ʻo nā mea i hana ʻia he mea maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i ka wai mai nā hale i hoʻohālikelike ʻia no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā wahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai e like me nā laina wai inu a me nā wahi hoʻoneʻe.
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hydropower liʻiliʻi i kāna mau ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai i ia mau kumuwaiwai o ka ikehu liʻiliʻi e like me nā mea kanu e hoʻohana ana i ka ikehu makani, ikehu lā a me nā mea kanu bioenergy i hui pū ʻia. I kēia manawa, hiki iā lākou ke hana ma kahi o 60 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā, eia naʻe, hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻole ʻia kēia hiki, e 1% wale nō. Aia a hiki i ka hopena o nā makahiki 60, he mau kaukani mau mea kanu uila uila i hana, i kēia lā aia he mau haneli o lākou. ʻO kēia nā hopena āpau o nā distortions o ka moku Soviet i pili me ke kulekele kumu kūʻai a ʻaʻole wale.
Akā e hoʻi hou i ka hopena o nā hopena o ka nohona i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi wahi uila uila liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o nā mea kanu uila uila he palekana loa mai kahi manaʻo kaiapuni. ʻO nā waiwai o ka wai, nā kemikal a me nā kino, mai loli i ka wā o ke kūkulu a me ka hana o kēia mau pono. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waihona i waihona wai no ka wai inu a no ka mahi iʻa. Akā ʻo ka pōmaikaʻi nui loa no kahi wahi uila uila liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole pono ia e kūkulu i nā waihona wai nui e hōʻino ana i nā mea he nui a me nā kai hālana o nā wahi nui.
Hoʻohui ʻia, he nui nā keu ʻē aʻe o ia mau kikowaena: he hoʻolālā maʻalahi lāua ʻelua a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana piha i ka mīkini; i ka wā o kā lākou hana, ʻaʻole pono ke alo o kahi kanaka. ʻO ka uila i hana ʻia e kūlike me nā kūlana i ʻae ʻia i ka volta a me ke alapine. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia ke kūʻokoʻa o ia kahua i kahi hoʻohui nui. Kahi uila uila nui a me kahi kumuwaiwai e hana ana - 40 mau makahiki a ʻoi.
