Scalars - ka genus o ka iʻa cichlid (a i ʻole cichlid) iʻa. ʻO ka homeland o ka skalar: nā wai kai o Amazon, ka Orinoco a me nā lālā o lākou. ʻAʻole kaulana kēia mau iʻa ma ke ʻano he kamaʻāina o nā kahawai o ʻAmelika Hema, akā ma ke ʻano he poʻe noho i nā aquarium.
No ka lohi o nā neʻe, ke kūlike ʻole o nā ʻano a me ke kukui, ua kapa ʻia lākou he iʻa ʻānela. Kāhea ʻia nā ʻānela, i hoʻohui ʻia me nā scalars, iʻa pomacanth reef. Ala paha ka piʻoloke. I kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻānela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
Loaʻa i nā iʻa āpau o ka ʻohana cichlid kahi kino i ʻike maka ʻia mai nā ʻaoʻao. Iʻa scalar, i kēia ʻano, ʻoi aku ma mua o nā ʻohana āpau: nānā pālahalaha ʻia ʻo ia. Hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka silhouette o kahi iʻa i kahi daimana a i ʻole kahi crescent, kahi i ʻoi ai ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka lōʻihi. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke kino ma mua o 15 knm, piʻi ke kiʻekiʻe i 25-30 cm.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke ʻano o ka scalar kahi mamao loa ia mai nā kahana iʻa maʻamau. ʻAno ka fin (tail) me ka dorsal, e like me ke aniani. ʻO nā kukuna mua o nā mea ʻelua a paʻa a lōʻihi hoʻi. ʻO ke koena he lahilahi a hoʻemi haʻahaʻa. ʻO ke aniani caudal he ʻano kuʻuna me ka ʻole o nā lobes i haʻi ʻia.
ʻO nā ʻili pelvic he 2-3 i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā kukuna semi-ʻoʻoleʻa, i hohola ʻia i kahi laina. Ua nalowale kā lākou hana o kā lākou ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, hoʻokani lākou i ke ʻano o kahi mea kaulike. Kāhea ʻia lākou he ʻumiʻumi. Ma waho aʻe o nā out atypical outlines, he iʻa kūlohelohe maoli nā iʻa.
Hōʻaʻahu ʻia nā skalars noho manuahi me nā unahi kala liʻiliʻi. Kuhi ʻia nā kahakaha transverse ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻōlinolino. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ko lākou kala: mai ka momona a ʻaneʻane ʻeleʻele. Hoʻohālikelike, waihoʻoluʻu kala o nā ʻāpana i ka naʻau o ka iʻa.
Wahi a ka wili nui o ke kino e noho wale ana nā scalars i nā wai mālie. ʻO ka lōʻihi elongation, nā kaha transverse, nā lola lōʻihi e hōʻike i ka nui o nā mea kanu i kā lākou pae. Pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā neʻe i hoʻohui ʻia me ke kala a me ke ʻano o ke kino e ʻike ʻole ʻia ma waena o nā limu e hoʻolōʻihi ana.
ʻO Scalaria kahi micro-predator. Kōkua ka ihu nui a me ka waha waha liʻiliʻi e ʻoki i nā meaʻai mai nā lau limu. Inā pono, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻiliʻili i ka meaʻai mai ka papa o ka substrate, akā ʻaʻole loa lākou e ʻeli i loko. I ko lākou wahi maoli, ʻai lākou i nā crustacean liʻiliʻi, nā larvae o nā holoholona wai, zooplankton, hiki iā lākou ke ʻai i ka caviar iʻa i waiho ʻole ʻia.
Nā ʻano
Aia ka genus o ka scalar i 3 laha.
- Scalaria altum. ʻO ka inoa maʻamau no kēia iʻa ʻo "scalar kiʻekiʻe". Kāhea ʻia ʻo ia he "altum" maʻalahi, e hoʻohana ana i kahi ʻāpana o ka inoa Latina o ka laha.
- ʻO Scalaria Leopold. ʻO ka ʻepekema nāna i hoʻolauna ka iʻa i loko o ka mea hoʻohālikelike olaola i kapa ʻia ka inoa ma hope o ka mōʻī Belgian - he Zoologist amateur
- Pākuʻi maʻamau. Kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano he scalar.
Iʻa scalar i kona ʻano maoli, he kamaʻāina kaulana ia o nā aquarium. Hoʻomaka ka poʻe loea i ka hana ʻana iʻa iʻa no nā aquarium home e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi a hoʻomohala i nā ʻano hou o ka scalar. Ua ʻike ʻia he 3-4 mau ʻano kakini i kū ʻole i ke kūlohelohe.
Kālā wili kālā. ʻO ia ka like o ka iʻa ʻānela hihiu. Loaʻa iā ia nā kala like, nā ʻano like a me nā nui like. ʻO ia wale nō ke ʻano skalarata i loaʻa i nā aquarium home.
ʻO ka iʻa veil a i ʻole ʻano veil o ka iʻa iʻa. ʻO kēia hana ka mea hoʻohiwahiwa loa. Nalu ka huelo a me nā moʻo e like me ka pale mālamalama i ke kahawai. Hele mai kēia kinona i nā kala like ʻole, e hoʻonui ana i ka waiwai.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa nā waihoʻoluʻu o nā scalars ulu. Ma waho aʻe o ka iʻa kālā, loaʻa nā ʻānela i nā kala "makamae" ʻē aʻe: gula, diamona, momi, platinum. Kupaianaha loa nā anela iʻa marble.
Iʻa polū nani loa. ʻO kēia kahi mea hou loa i loaʻa i nā mahiʻai iʻa. Kāhea ʻo Aquarists iā ia "Blue Angel". Kēia scalar i ka kiʻi nani loa ke nānā aku. I ke kukui ʻōlinolino, hana ʻia ka illusion e ʻā ka iʻa iho.
Koi ʻia nā iʻa lehulehu. Aia nā koho ʻelua-kala a me nā kala ʻekolu. ʻO nā iʻa i ʻike ʻia, leopadi-kala kekahi i makemake nui ʻia. Haʻalele pākuʻi aquarium, ʻoi aku nā kaha i ke kino ma mua o ka maʻamau. Kāhea lākou iā ia he "zebra".
Aia ma kahi o 40 mau ʻano aquarium me nā ʻano morphological like ʻole. Maliʻa paha, e hoʻonui mau kēia papa inoa: ʻo ka iʻa aquarium kahi māla momona o ka hana no nā mea hānai a me nā genetists.
ʻO ke kaʻina o ke koho ʻana mai ka hoʻomohala honua a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o kekahi o nā ʻano i lilo i wikiwiki. Hoʻomoʻa ia i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka genotype o ka iʻa me ka hoʻohui hou ʻia o ke ʻano i hāpai ʻia e ka ʻaoʻao o ka hoihoi i ka mea hānai.
ʻO kahi laʻana, ua kiʻi ʻia ka scalar polū mai ka platinum e kū nei. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi aʻa kuleana no ka kala polū. Ua ukali ʻia nā keʻa he nui, a ʻo ia ka hopena i ka iʻa ʻānela polū.
Mālama a me ka mālama ʻana
I ka makahiki 1911, ua noho nā scalars mua i nā aquarium home o nā Europa. I ka makahiki 1914, ua aʻo nā aquarist i ka hana ʻana i keiki o kēia iʻa. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka ʻike o ka mālama ʻana i nā scalars. Ke mālama nei i nā scalars ua hele no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no ka hānai ʻana a me ka lawaiʻa ʻana i nā iʻa ʻānela.
ʻO ka mea mua, koi ka scalar i kahi nohona. Hoʻomaulia ʻia ka nui o ka aquarium e like me kēia: 90 liters no ka iʻa mua, 50 liters no ka mea aʻe. Akā, ʻaʻole ʻike mau ʻia nā helu i ke ola. paha ka maʻiʻo o ka scalar i nā loko iʻa nui ʻole. I nā kūlana cramp, ʻaʻole e ulu ka iʻa i ko lākou nui koho, akā e ola lākou.
Koi ka iʻa tropika i ka wai mehana. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ke anuanu ma lalo o 22 ° C. ʻO ka pae optimum he 24 ° C a 26 ° C. ʻO ia, kahi thermometer a me ka mea hoʻomehana nā ʻano pono o ka home o ka scalar. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka iʻa i ka waikawa. ʻO kahi wahi wai waliwali nāwaliwali me kahi pH o 6 - 7.5 pH kūpono loa i nā iʻa ʻānela. ʻO ka aeration forced kahi mea pono nui o nā aquarium kahi e noho ai nā scalars.
ʻAʻole hoihoi iki ka lepo i ka iʻa ʻānela, no laila, kau ʻia kahi substrate maʻamau maʻamau ma lalo o ka aquarium: ke one ʻili a i ʻole nā ʻiliʻili. I kēia hihia, nānā lākou i ka makemake o nā mea kanu wai. Aia paha kekahi o lākou. Kanu ʻia kekahi o nā microdistricts o ka aquarium.
ʻO ka hilahila kahi waiwai maʻamau o ka iʻa. I loko o ka iʻa ʻānela, ʻo kēia ke ʻano nui. Scalars i loko o ka aquarium manaʻo hilinaʻi i waena o nā limu. Mālamalama nā mea kanu lana i ke ola o ka scalar. ʻAʻole lākou hopohopo nui e pili ana i nā loli i ke kukui a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana ma waho o ka aquarium.
I nā kahawai maoli o nā iʻa, noho nā ʻānela i loko o nā kahawai i ulu a huehue. No laila, nā snags, nā mea hoʻolālā hoʻolālā ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i nā scalars. Hele pū lākou me nā kukui uila kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ʻano noʻonoʻo. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau mea a me ka scalar wikiwiki ʻole e hoʻokumu i ke kumu o ka mālie a me ka hoʻomaha.
Ma waho aʻe o kahi nohona i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia, pono ka iʻa i ka meaʻai. ʻO nā bloodworm kuʻuna kekahi o nā koho hānai maikaʻi loa. ʻAʻole koi nā aquarists i ka hānai ʻana i ka scalar me kahi tubule. Manaʻo ʻia he kumu kēia no ka maʻi i loko o ka iʻa anela. Ma waho aʻe o ka meaʻai ola, ʻaʻole maikaʻi nā scalars no ka maloʻo, ʻaikalima.
Pākuʻi ʻia ka maloʻo maloʻo (palupalu). ʻO kēia ka meaʻai i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻai maloʻo. ʻO ka papa inoa o nā huahana i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i kēia ala e komo pū me: freeze-dry artemia, freeze-dry bloodworms, spirulina i nā flakes, a pēlā aku.
ʻO ka meaʻai ola, ʻoiai ka nui o nā koho maloʻo a semi-dry, makemake mau ʻia. Pono ka hoʻonāukiuki ʻana i ka meaʻai ma mua o 50% o nā hānai iʻa āpau. ʻAʻole pīhoihoi loa nā scalars, akā i kekahi manawa he mau lā ʻelua lākou e maʻa ai i ka meaʻai hou.
Ke mālama nei i ka iʻa, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka makemake e noho i ke kula. He paʻakikī e mālama i kahi hui nui o nā scalars ma ka home. Hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kime o ka iʻa ʻānela 4-6 i kahi aquarium home capacious. E māhele pālua ʻia nā iʻa a noho i ko lākou mau panalāʻau ponoʻī, ʻaʻohe ona palena i ʻike ʻia.
ʻO ka hana hou a me ke ola o ke ola
He iʻa paʻa nā scalars. I ka manawa hoʻokahi, ʻimi lākou (inā hiki) e ʻimi i kahi hoa. I ka hana ʻana i kahi mau kāne, lilo lāua i mea kaʻawale ʻole. Wahi a nā loea, paʻa ka hoʻopili i ke ola holoʻokoʻa. ʻIke maopopo inā inā nalowale kahi hoa, ʻike ka iʻa i ke koʻikoʻi, hoʻōki i ka ʻai ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi, a maʻi paha.
ʻAneʻane hiki ʻole ke hana ʻāpana i kahi pālua, e hoʻolauna i kahi kāne i ka wahine, no nā kumu ʻelua. ʻAʻohe o ka ʻokoʻa kāne a ka scalar. ʻOiai ʻo kahi loea hiki ke kuhihewa i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka moʻa iʻa. ʻO ke kumu ʻelua, he ʻike maopopo ʻole ʻia i ka hopena o ka minamina o ka iʻa, e nā hōʻailona a lākou e koho ai i kahi hoa.
ʻO kahi aquarist e kiʻi ana i nā keiki mai ka scalar, hoʻokuʻu i kahi hui o nā iʻa i loko o ka aquarium a nānā i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā pālua iʻa. Akā ma aneʻi nō, e loaʻa paha kahi hemahema. Inā loaʻa ka hemahema o nā kāne a me nā wahine, hiki i nā iʻa i waiho ʻia me ka ʻole o ka pālua ke hoʻohālikelike i ka hana a kekahi kanaka o ka wahine ʻē aʻe.
I ka makahiki o hoʻokahi, mākaukau nā scalars e hana hou. Ke hoʻokokoke aku nei i kēia makahiki, he hoa kāne nā iʻa iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole pau ke kaʻina hana hou me ke kōkua ʻole o ke kanaka. Hoʻonohonoho ka mea mālama aquarium i nā mākua i ka wā e hiki mai ana i ka aquarium e hānau ana. E hoʻomaka ai i ka ʻō ʻana, hoʻonui ʻia ka wai i loko o ka aquarium i 28 ° C a hoʻonui ʻia ka maʻa iʻa.
I loko o ka aquarium kahi e kanu ʻia ai ka iʻa, pono e loaʻa nā mea kanu wai ākea. Hoʻomaka ka wahine e ʻili i ka lau - ʻo kēia ka hoʻomākaukau o ka pūnaewele no ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā hua. Ke, e like me ka ʻōlelo a ka wahine, maʻemaʻe ka lau, waiho ʻia caviar hoʻowalewale... Hoʻokuʻu kahi kāne kokoke i kāna huahana moekolohe.
I kekahi mau hola, lawe mai ka wahine i 300 mau hua a ʻoi paha. Lawe pinepine nā mea nona ka caviar mai nā mākua a waiho i loko o kahi pahu kaʻawale. He maʻalahi ke kumu o kēia. ʻO nā Scalarians, i ke kumu, he mau mākua mālama: hāʻawi lākou i ka holoi ʻana i nā hua me ka wai, kipaku aku i nā malihini. Akā i kekahi manawa lawe ka instatory predatory, a ʻaʻohe mea i koe o nā hua.
Ma hope o ʻelua mau lā, pau ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ʻike ʻia nā larvae. No kekahi manawa hānai lākou i nā meaola i mālama ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke yolk I ka pau ʻana o ka lako hoʻomaka pā palai e kuapo i ka hana pilikino ʻana.
I hoʻokahi mahina, hiki ke ʻike i ka iʻa iʻa e hiki mai ana i ka pā. Hiki ke kapa ʻia ka scalar me ke ʻano palekana he centenarians aquarium. Wahi a nā aquarist mākaukau e hiki i nā iʻa ke ola i 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha me ka mālama kūpono a me nā papaʻai like ʻole.
Kumukūʻai
Noho lōʻihi nā Scalarians o nā aquarium. Ua aʻo lākou e hānai iā lākou. Kaulana lākou me nā acarymist ʻike a me nā hobbyist novice. Eia kekahi, hiki ke kumu kūʻai no lākou. ʻO ka palena lalo he 100 rubles. No kēia nui, hāʻawi ʻia nā scalars o nā kala like ʻole. Kumukūʻai scalar pale, kekahi paʻakikī, ʻeleʻele kala hiki i i 500 rubles.
Hoʻohālikelike
Mālie ka scalar, ʻaʻole iʻa iʻa. ʻOluʻolu loa e pili ana i nā ʻohana, nā scalars ʻē aʻe. Ma waho o ke ʻano gregarious, pono i kekahi e noʻonoʻo i ka pili ʻana o ka iʻa i ko lākou ʻāina. Hoʻohālikelike Scalar - ʻaʻole paʻakikī ka nīnau.
ʻO ka mea nui ke ola o nā mea ola e pili ana i nā scalars, i kūpono no nā kūlana i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā ʻānela iʻa. ʻO kēia, ʻo ka mea mua, hoʻomaʻemaʻe a mehana ka wai. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa iʻa i loko o ka wai anuanu, no laila ʻaʻole kūlike me nā scalars.
ʻO kahi pōʻino no nā scalars ke ola i loko o ka aquarium like me nā ʻaukā. ʻO kēia mau iʻa ola ke huki i nā lau o ka scalar. Hoʻohui, wikiwiki, noho nui nā poʻe aquarium kelepona i ke koʻikoʻi i nā scalars, kahi e pili ai i ko lākou olakino, helehelena a me nā keiki.
ʻAʻole noho mau nā ʻānela Pisces i ko lākou inoa Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻike i kahi ʻano predatory. Hiki i nā pua o nā iʻa viviparous, gup Puppies, swordtails a me mollies ke hōʻeha iā lākou. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau iʻa he mau hoanoho maikaʻi o ka scalar.
Labyrinth - gourami, nā kākalaioa - hiki ke mālama i ka ʻoihana iʻa iʻa i hoʻokahi aquarium. ʻO Somiki, nona ka wahi e noho ai kahi kahakaha liʻiliʻi me ka ʻāina o nā broarsarsarsars, he mau hoanoho ia no ka iʻa ʻānela, ʻoiai lākou e ʻeli ana i ke one, hiki ke lepo maoli i ka wai.
ʻAʻole koi nā aquarium me nā scalars i kahi koho kūikawā o nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole hakakā nā ʻānela Pisces me nā hoalauna ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mai huhuki iā lākou a hōʻino paha i nā aʻa. Ma ka mea ʻē aʻe, algae nā pale kūlohelohe o nā scalars.
ʻIkepili Hoihoi
Nui nā iʻa wai hou me ke kino loloa, akā ʻo nā scalars wale nō ka iʻa me ke kiʻekiʻe i lōʻihi loa. ʻO ke kinona, ka pena ʻana, ka wikiwiki ʻole o ka iʻa ʻānela e ʻōlelo ai i kahi papahana ola passive. Aia kekahi manaʻo me kāna mau hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona ʻole e hoʻopunipuni ka scalar i nā hoa kolohe. Me he mea lā ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻAʻole wau he iʻa." Ua ola ke ʻano o ka scalar no mau miliona, no laila ke holo nei kēia hoʻolālā ola.
Ua mālama ʻia ka scalar a Leopold i loko o nā aquarium no 30 mau makahiki ma mua o ka ʻike ʻana o nā meaola. I ka makahiki 1963 wale nō i hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano i ka meaola biola. ʻ saylelo nā biologists ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā ʻano āpau o nā scalars, wehewehe a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka classifier biology. ʻO nā ipu wai o ʻAmelika Hema he nui nā ʻōnaehana wai. Hiki paha i kēia mau wahi he mau ʻohana ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka poʻe, waiho wale i kahi iʻa liʻiliʻi.
