ʻO ka hōʻailona o Minnesota, kekahi o nā mokuʻāina o ʻAmelika, hōʻike i kahi moa wai nani loona... Kamaʻāina nā poʻe noho ma ka latitu ʻākau iā ia, ʻo ka mea mua, no kāna mele kupaianaha, e alakaʻi ana i ke kaumaha a i ʻole ka weliweli. Mahalo i nā kāhea manu ʻē, ua lilo ka inoa "loon" i inoa hale ma waena o ko ʻAmelika.
ʻO ke kanaka hana kūpale a ʻakaʻaka nui hoʻi, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia he "pupule, e like me ka loona." Eia nō naʻe, he nui nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe o kēia mau manu kū hoʻokahi i hiki ke hoʻohauʻoli i ka poʻe aloha manu.
Hōʻike a me nā hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka inoa o ka loona ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania "loon" mai ka ʻōlelo Suetena "loj", ʻo ia hoʻi "palaualelo, clumsy". Ua loaʻa i nā manu kahi inoa kapakapa ʻole no ka mea e neʻe ana nā loona ma ka honua me ka paʻakikī nui. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ko lākou kino kino: ʻaʻole paʻa nā paws i waenakonu o ke kino, akā ma ka huelo. No laila, ʻaʻole hele nā manu, akā kolo maoli i ka honua, e hoʻokuke nei me ko lākou mau ʻeheu.
Loon - manu me nā ʻeheu liʻiliʻi e hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka nui o ke kino. ʻO ka maʻamau, pono e holo no nā wā lōʻihi ma ka wai, ʻaneʻane hapahā o kahi kilomika e hemo. Akā, i ka piʻi ʻana i ka lewa, hoʻomohala lākou i nā wikiwiki a hiki i 100 km i kēlā me kēia hola. Ke pae i ka wai, ʻaʻole komo nā ʻūlū o nā manu i ka palu, hāʻule nā puhaka ma ko lākou ʻōpū a pahee a hiki i ko lākou kū ʻana.
ʻO ka wai no ka loona kahi mea maoli. Makaʻu lākou, ʻaʻole lele pinepine i ka lewa, akā luʻu. ʻOkiʻoki ke kino o ka manu i ka wai e like me ka torpedo. Hāʻawi nā kapuaʻi pūnaewele i ka traction, a hāʻawi ka hulu o ka huelo i nā wili a me ka huli. ʻAʻole hakahaka nā iwi o ka iwi iwi e like me nā manu ʻē aʻe. Paʻakiki loa lākou a kaumaha hoʻi, kōkua i ka lōlō e luu maʻalahi. Hiki i nā loona ke noho ma lalo o ka wai ma mua o hoʻokahi mau minuke.
ʻO ka plumage kala o nā loona he kaʻao. ʻO kahi laʻana, haʻi ʻia e kahi moʻolelo ʻĀmelika ʻAmelika kahi kāne mahalo i ke kōkua o kahi loona e kau i kahi lei pūniu nani ma kona ʻāʻī. Maoli, loon i ke kiʻi - he nani maoli, a mahalo ʻia ke kaha kiʻi ʻana ma nā hulu o kahi manu i ka wā o ka male ʻana.
Ua hoʻonani ʻia kona ʻāʻī me nā kaha keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a he nui nā laina keʻokeʻo a me nā kikooho e "helelei" ma nā ʻeheu. Hoʻohui ʻia, he kikoʻī kala ʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia ʻano loona: nā polū iridescent, nā kola ʻulaʻula a ʻeleʻele hoʻi. ʻO ke kala leʻaleʻa o nā hulu o ka loona, i ʻike nui ʻia ma ka honua, ma ka wai e lawelawe iā ia me he mea lā kupaianaha, e hui pū me ka ʻōlinolino o ka lā.
I ka waenakonu o ke kau, hoʻomaka ka lono e hoʻoheheʻe - e nalowale ana i kā lākou plumage maikaʻi. ʻO ka hulu mua e ulu a puni ka nuku, ma ka auwae a ma ka lae. No ka hoʻoilo, "ʻaʻahu" nā loona i kahi kapa hina.
Nānā pono nā manu i kā lākou plumage. Hoʻonohonoho pinepine lākou i kā lākou hulu a hamo i kēlā me kēia me kahi momona momona i hūnā ʻia e kahi gland kūikawā. He mea nui ia e paʻa paʻa nā waihona hulu lahilahi a ʻaʻole ʻae e hele i ka wai. Hiki ke make i ka māwae iki: hoʻoweliweli ka wai anuanu i ka hypothermia.
Ua ʻike nā kānaka noiʻi e nānā ana i ka hana a ka loona i kekahi mau ʻano leo manu. Ka mea kaulana loa ʻalalā uē like me ka ʻakaʻaka nui o ka hehena. Ma kahi ʻano ʻē, hōʻike nā manu e lele ana i ka lewa i ko lākou ʻohana e pili ana i ka pilikia. ʻO kekahi, ʻo ke kani mālie a nā loona e hoʻohālikelike ai me he mea lā. Pēlā e kāhea ai nā mākua i nā moa.
I ke ahiahi, ma hope o ka napoʻo ʻana o ka lā, ma nā loko ʻākau, hiki iā ʻoe ke lohe pinepine i kahi uē kūmomo e hou ana i ka hāmau. Kuhihewa ʻia i kekahi manawa no ka ʻaoa o ka ʻīlio hae. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā pūhaka kāne ia e kiaʻi ai i ko lākou ʻāina. ʻAʻau lākou, e hoʻolaha ana iā lākou iho me ka ʻuwā a me ka ʻuwā ʻana. He leo ʻokoʻa ko kēlā me kēia kāne, a ʻike nā loona ʻē iā ia i ka pouli a mai kahi mamao aku.
E hoʻolohe i ka leo o kahi liona ʻāʻī keʻokeʻo
ʻO ka leo o ka loona kī keʻokeʻo
Leo leo loon ʻā ʻeleʻele
Ka leo o ka loona ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula
Nā ʻano
Leiʻano ʻike ʻia e ka nui, ka nohona, a me ke kala kūikawā o ka plumage a me ka nuku. Heluhelu ka poʻe kiaʻi manu i kekahi ʻano laha o kēia mau manu neʻe.
- ʻO ka loona keʻokeʻo Loaʻa iā ia ka inoa kikoʻī ʻo Gavia Adamsii, hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka ʻepekema ʻepekema ʻAmelika ʻo E. Adams. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i mau makahiki o kona ola e ʻimi ana i ka nui o ka Arctic. I ka makahiki 1859, ʻo ka mea kākau Pelekane ʻo J. Grey ka mea mua e wehewehe i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka loona keʻokeʻo. He manu liʻiliʻi loa kēia. Ua helu ʻia ma ke ʻano he ʻano pale i nā ʻāina he nui, e like me Russia, ʻEnelani a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻohanohano ʻia kēia ʻano e kona nui nui. Hiki ke lōʻihi o ke kino i 90 cm, a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 6 kg.
- Polar loona ʻeleʻele a ʻokoʻa nā loona ʻāpana ʻeleʻele (Gavia immer) ʻokoʻa i nā ʻelele o nā lāhui ʻē aʻe, e like me ka inoa e hōʻike nei, i ke kala ʻeleʻele o ka nuku a me ke poʻo. Noho lākou ma ʻAmelike ʻĀkau, ʻIlia, Newfoundland a me nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoilo ma kahakai o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika.
- Loi ʻāʻī ʻeleʻele, i kapa ʻia i loko o nā ʻepekema ʻo Gavia artica, ua ʻike pinepine ʻia ma mua o nā loona ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻākau o Lūkia, a ma nā loko Altai kiʻekiʻe, a ma Alaska, a ma ʻAsia waena pū kekahi. ʻO kona hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona kahi ʻāpana ʻeleʻele ākea ma ka ʻāʻī.
- ʻO ka liona keʻokeʻo ʻāʻī kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka nohona a me nā ʻano e like loa me ka loona ʻeleʻele-ʻāʻī. ʻO ka mea hiki i kēia ʻano ke neʻe i kahi ʻohana, ʻaʻole hoʻokahi. ʻO Gavia pacifica kona inoa Lakina.
- Lei ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula aiʻole Gavia stellata - ka mea liʻiliʻi loa o nā loona. ʻAʻole i ʻoi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 3 kg. Noho kēia ʻano i nā wahi ākea o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika ʻAkau a me Eurasia. Ma muli o ke kaona haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi ka lawe ʻana i nā leona ʻāʻī ʻulaʻula i ka ea. ʻIke i ka makaʻu, hemo pinepine ʻo ia, ma mua o ke luʻu ma lalo o ka wai.
Ka nohona a me ka nohona
Noho ka Loons i ka hapa nui o ko lākou ola ma ka wai. Hoʻomoʻa lākou i ka wai mālie. Makemake lākou i nā wahi wai, kahi ʻole kahi poʻe. I ka hoʻoilo, uhi ʻia nā loko i kahi hau hau mānoanoa, a uhi ʻia ko lākou kahakai i ka hau.
ʻAʻole hoʻololi ʻia nā loona i nā ʻano koʻikoʻi, no laila koi lākou e hoʻolilo i ka hoʻoilo i nā latitu hema. Noho lākou ma kahi e kū ʻole ai ke kai a me ke kai, e kū ana ma nā kahakai pōhaku. I kēia manawa o ka makahiki, ʻākoakoa nā manu i nā hipa maʻamau a hānai i ka wai kai.
I ka hoʻoilo, paʻakikī ka loona e ʻike ma ke kai: ʻaʻole ia e walaʻau a he ʻano ʻokoʻa loa kona - hina a unremarkable. ʻOiai hāʻule nā hulu o ka manu i nā manu, a ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke lele. Lele nā mākua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Noho nā loona ʻōpio ma ke kai no ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki hou ma mua o ka hoʻi ʻana i kahi a lākou i hānau ai.
I ʻApelila, hoʻomaka ka heheʻe o ka hau ma nā loko ʻākau. Ma ka hema loa, ke hoʻomākaukau nei nā loona e haʻalele. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻololi nei lākou i kahi kapa komo kauwela. ʻ tellslelo kekahi mau manaʻo pohihihi i loko iā lākou ua mākaukau nā loko ʻākau ʻākau e hoʻokipa iā lākou.
Hele ka huakaʻi ʻākau i mau lā, i kekahi mau pule. Ma ke ala, kū lākou ma nā loko iʻa e hoʻomaha a lawaiʻa. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma loko o ka ʻAinapuni ʻAmelika ʻĀkau he nui nā loko me ka wai anuanu a aniani hoʻi.
Manaʻo ʻia ua hana lākou ma hope o ka hoʻi hope o ka glacier i kekahi o nā makahiki hau. Kuhi nā mea noiʻi ua ukali nā loona i ka heʻe ihu ʻākau i ke kūkulu ʻākau, e loaʻa ana ka meaʻai i kēia mau wai. Mai ia manawa, hibernate lākou ma kahakai, a i ka wā hoʻoulu holoholona hoʻi lākou i nā loko loko.
I kēia manawa hoʻomau ka poʻe e hoʻokuke iā lākou i ke kūkulu ʻākau. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, hoʻi nā loona i kā lākou mau kai hānau e hānai ai i kā lākou mau moa. ʻIke lākou i ko lākou wahi kahiko me ke kuhihewa ʻole. Kūpono loa nā loona: hiki mau lākou i nā lā ʻelima ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hau, pinepine i ka lā like.
ʻO ka maʻa mau ke kū mua nā kāne ma ka waihona wai. He mea nui ia no lākou e hiki wawe, e lawe i kahi no ka pūnana a me kahi no ka lawaiʻa ʻana. ʻAʻole pono lākou e hoʻonele i hoʻokahi minute e hānai keiki. Ma mua o ʻehiku mau mahina a lākou i hala ma mua o ka hou ʻana o ka hau a me ka hau iā lākou i ka hema.
Hoʻoholo nā mea kūʻē i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa no nā kuleana teritore. Hōʻike nā manu i ka huhū ma ke komo ʻana i kahi kūlana hakakā a nuku i waho. Kuhi nā kāne i nā kelepona kūikawā, e hakakā ana no ka ʻāina.
Hiki ke kaupalena ʻia kahi o ka loona i kahi cove liʻiliʻi ma kahi o ʻumi mika, a i ʻole ia he loko holoʻokoʻa hoʻokahi haneli me ʻelua haneli mau mika ka lōʻihi. Pono nā loona i nā wahi moe ʻoluʻolu, ka wai holo maʻemaʻe a me kahi kahua pāʻani hūnā.
I ka ulu ʻana o nā moa a kūʻokoʻa, hoʻololi ke ʻano o nā mākua. I kahi manawa i wehewehe pono ʻia, haʻalele lākou i ko lākou ʻāina a lele paha i kahi wai ʻē aʻe e kamaʻilio me nā manu ʻē aʻe.
I ka mua, hōʻike nā loona kamaʻāina ʻole i kekahi huhū i kekahi i kekahi. A laila, hui, hoʻololi lākou i ko lākou leo mai ka ʻenemi i ka akahai, a ke wili nei ka hui āpau i kahi hulahula. I kekahi manawa, ʻo ka loona, kahi o ka ʻākoakoa nui, e hana ana i kahi "pōʻai hoʻohanohano".
Hana ʻia kēia mau "ʻākoakoa" ma ka hopena o ke kauwela a hoʻomau i Kepakemapa, e lilo i nui a nui aku. ʻAʻole maopopo ʻia ke kumu a lākou e lawelawe ai. ʻAʻole like me nā geese a me nā manu neʻe ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole e lele ka loona i ka hema.
Makemake lākou e lele hoʻokahi, i nā pālua a i ʻole kākaʻikahi i nā hui liʻiliʻi. Hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā loona i kā lākou hoa i ko lākou ola āpau. Inā make wale kekahi o nā "hoa male", ua hoʻokau ʻia ka manu e huli hou no kāna kāne.
ʻIke kikoʻī: ma kekahi mau loko, ʻaʻole hoʻohaumia nā loona i ka wai me kā lākou feces. Hoʻomaopopo koke nā manu ʻōpio e hele i ka lua i kekahi wahi ma kahakai. ʻO nā mea huna o nā loona i waiwai nui i nā minelala a me nā paʻakai. Ke hoʻomaloʻo lākou, lilo lākou i kumu paʻakai no nā kolo.
Meaʻai kūpono
I loko nō o ko lākou ʻano helehelena maikaʻi, ʻo ka loona he mau manu manu lele. ʻO kā lākou mea ʻono leʻaleʻa he iʻa liʻiliʻi. Ma hope o ia, hiki i nā lono ke luu i kahi hohonu o 50 mau mika. ʻAʻau nā manu ma lalo o ka wai me ka wikiwiki a me ka mākaukau i hiki ʻole i nā iʻa nimble ke pale aku iā lākou.
Ma waho aʻe o ka alualu, he ala ʻē aʻe ko ka loona i ka hopu ʻana i ka iʻa: huki iā lākou mai nā hale hoʻomalu ma lalo. ʻO ka papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā o nā mea hoʻohulu hulu hiki ke komo pū me nā crustacean, shrimps, molluscs, worm a me nā poʻe liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe o ka wai.
I nā lā mua o ke ola, ʻo nā larva nā pepelu, nā lepe a me nā ʻai i lilo i meaʻai nui na nā keiki moa. Ke ulu nei, neʻe nā loona ʻōpio i ka iʻa nui. Eia kekahi, makemake nā manu i nā iʻa i kēlā me kēia me kahi ʻano hāiki, oblong. Maʻalahi kēia mau iʻa e ale holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAi ʻo Loons i kekahi manawa i ka limu, akā ʻaʻole hiki i kēia moa manu ke noho ma nā mea kanu mea kanu no ka manawa lōʻihi. No ke ola hana, pono lākou i nā meaola i loko o ka meaʻai o nā holoholona.
I kēia pili, inā lilo ka paʻakikī i nā loona e loaʻa ka meaʻai i loko o kahi waihona, lele lākou i kahi ʻē aʻe a neʻe paha i kahi kai "iʻa" ʻoi aku. Ua manaʻo ʻia he mau loona mākua me ʻelua mau moa i hiki i 500 kg o nā iʻa i ke kauwela.
Hoʻopiʻi hou
Lilo i hiki ke hānau i ka makahiki ʻekolu o ke ola. Manaʻo kekahi e, e like me kā lākou plumage hanohano, kupaianaha loa nā loona e nānā. ʻAʻole naʻe ia.
ʻO ke kau moʻa no nā manu he mālie, keu hoʻi no nā kāne e noho pū nei no nā makahiki. ʻAʻole pilikia ka kāne i kēlā ʻano paʻa iā ia iho me ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hiki a i nā hulahula paʻakikī paha.
Hōʻike nā loona i kahi mālama ʻole i ka pūnana ʻana. Ua like ko lākou noho ʻana me nā puʻu ʻōpala mauʻu ma ka lihi pono o ka wai. I kekahi manawa kokoke loa lākou i ka lihi e ua ana ka ua a me nā nalu o ka moku i nā hua. ʻO nā wahi punahele loa no nā pūnana nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi, no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea ʻino ke kiʻi iā lākou.
Ma ʻAmelika a me Kanada, nā poʻe kamaʻāina e makemake ana i nā loona e noho ma ko lākou loko e kūkulu i nā mokupuni hana kūikawā i hana ʻia i nā lāʻau. ʻO kahi laʻana, ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa New Hampshire, ʻaneʻane 20% o nā loona e noho ana ma ia mau mokupuni.
Loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi ka mokupuni lana ʻole i ka wai ʻole i ka wai i ka ua kauwela. A inā hāʻule ka pae o ka wai ma muli o nā wai a me nā wai wai, ʻaʻole mamao loa ka pūnana mai ia ia.
I ka hopena o ka puna (ʻApelila-Mei), waiho kahi loona wahine i hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau hua nui. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kala o nā hua manu me nā kiko liʻiliʻi, pinepine. Hana i kēia kala i paʻakikī i nā hua e ʻike i waena o nā nāhelehele kahakai. A ʻo ka nui o nā hua e ʻae no ka mālama ʻana i ka wela maikaʻi, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā hua liʻiliʻi, anuanu wikiwiki.
Hoʻololi nā mākua hulu i kekahi i kekahi ma ka lāiki a hiki i ka pa ʻana o nā moa. Eia kekahi, ʻeleu nō hoʻi ke kāne i ka hatching i nā keiki, e like me ka wahine. Ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, pono ka manu e hoʻomanawanui i nā ua nui a me ka lā wela. Akā ʻaʻole lākou i hāʻawi manawaleʻa i ka pūnana me ka paʻa.
I kekahi mau kino o ka wai, hoʻonāukiuki nā pulu wai omo wai hoʻowali i kahi hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi no nā lono e noho ana ma nā pūnana. ʻO ka wā o ke ʻano o nā midges mai nā ʻūlū e kūlike me ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā hua.
ʻO nā hua Loon kahi punahele punahele no nā mea hōkū e like me nā raccoons. Hiki iā lākou ke luku kokoke i nā hua manu a pau ma ka loko. Inā kū kēia i ke kauwela kau, hiki i nā loona ke lele i ka moe hou ʻana.
Hōʻike nā pēpē a puni ka hoʻomaka o Iune. E like me nā ʻano manu ʻē aʻe, loaʻa i nā moa loon kahi niho hua manu kūikawā i hoʻohana ʻia e ʻoki i ka pūpū hua. Ma hope o ka hānau ʻana, lilo ka moa i kēia "adaptation".
ʻAʻole loaʻa ka manawa e hoʻomaloʻo ai, hele koke lākou i ka wai, kahi a ko lākou mau mākua mālama e kāhea ai. Ma hope o ka hānai ʻana o nā keiki moa, holo wikiwiki nā loona e hemo i ka pā manu e hōʻalo ai i ke ʻano o nā mea ʻumeʻume i ʻume ʻia e ka ʻala mai iā ia. I ka manawa i loko o ka wai, hoʻāʻo koke nā moa e luʻu.
Kipaku nā mākua i kā lākou mau keiki mai ka pūnana a neʻe i kekahi ʻano o "pā pāʻani". ʻIke ʻia ʻo ia ma ke kihi hūnā o ka waiwai o ka loona, pale ʻia mai ka makani ikaika a me nā nalu kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope o 11 mau pule, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka lole fluffy o nā moa e ka plumage hina hina mua. I kēia manawa, ua hiki iā lākou ke lele.
I ka wai, hoʻoweliweli ka honu kuhukukū a me nā pikes i nā moa. Inā mamao loa nā mākua, e lilo nā loona ʻōpio i mea pio maʻalahi. ʻO ka wahi palekana loa no nā keiki palupalu ma ke kua o nā mākua.
Ke piʻi nei i ko lākou kua a hūnā ma lalo o ka ʻeheu o kahi makua mālama, hiki i nā pēpē ke hoʻomehana a maloʻo. Hoʻokūkū ʻo Chicks i kekahi i kekahi no ka nānā o nā mākua. Hana pinepine ia i loko o nā moa ʻelua, ola wale hoʻokahi, ʻoi aku ka ikaika a me ka wikiwiki.
Wā ola
Hiki ke noho ʻo Loons ma mua o 20 mau makahiki. ʻO ka manu ola lōʻihi i ʻike ʻia ʻaʻole i ola no kekahi mau mahina wale nō a i 28 mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, nui nā kumu no ka hoʻopōkole ʻana i ke ola o nā manu.
Make nā loona he nui i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ka ale ʻana i nā makau alakaʻi a me nā palapū a i ʻole paʻa i nā ʻupena lawaiʻa. ʻO ke kau ʻana o nā loko he mau haneli o nā loko ʻākau i waiho ʻia me ka ʻole o nā iʻa, a no laila ʻaʻohe meaʻai no nā pūhaka.
Inā ʻaʻohe o ka loona manawa e lele aku ai ma mua o ka uhi ʻia ʻana o ka loko i ka hau, hiki i ka hau ke hau a lilo i mea pio na ka mea ʻaihue. I kekahi mau kino o ka wai, nānā nui ka poʻe hoihoi i ka ʻāina e kōkua i nā manu i koe e puka i waho o ka ʻāpana hau. ʻOiai nā ʻano maikaʻi ʻole, nui ka heluna o ka loona.
